Browse full definitions for every SU term in the Amicus glossary.
/ˌsʌb ˈdʒuːdɪsi/
The topic is sub judice, so the media must refrain from commenting.
Use with caution in public statements to avoid contempt of court; it signals judicial control over discussion to ensure fair trial.
/ˈsʌbˌɔːrd/
The university issued a subaward to the research institute to conduct a portion of the federally funded project.
Use 'subaward' specifically to denote a secondary award under a primary grant or contract, distinguishing it from a subcontract that relates to contract law more broadly.
/ˈsʌbˌtʃæptər si/
The regulations outlined in Subchapter C address environmental compliance requirements.
Subchapters organize complex statutes, facilitating precise referencing and clarity in legal drafting and interpretation.
/ˈsʌbˌtʃæptər ɛs/
After forming their business, they opted for Subchapter S status to reduce their tax liability.
Subchapter S specifically refers to the federal tax classification under the Internal Revenue Code, crucial for small-business taxation planning.
/ˈsʌbˌtʃæptər ɛs ˌkɔrpəˈreɪʃən/
The company chose to be treated as a Subchapter S corporation to avoid double taxation.
Subchapter S election permits avoidance of corporate-level income tax, but involves strict eligibility criteria such as a limit on the number and type of shareholders.
/ˈsʌb.kəˌmɪ.ti/
The subcommittee reviewed the contract clauses before the full committee meeting.
A subcommittee typically operates under the authority of a parent committee and reports its findings or recommendations back to it.
/ˈsʌb.kəˌmɪt.i ɪnˈkwaɪə.ri/
The subcommittee inquiry revealed new evidence about corporate misconduct.
A subcommittee inquiry is a formal investigative tool used within legislative branches, often narrower in scope than a full committee investigation.
/ˈsʌbˌkɑntrækt/
The main contractor signed a subcontract with a specialist to complete the electrical work.
The company subcontracted the manufacturing process to a local firm.
Use 'subcontract' carefully to distinguish between the subcontract as a separate contract and the act of subcontracting; clarity aids enforceability.
/ˈsʌbkənˌtræktər/
The subcontractor completed the electrical installations on schedule.
Subcontractors are typically bound by terms negotiated with the main contractor, not directly with the client; clarity in subcontract agreements is essential to allocate liabilities.
/ˌsʌbdɪˌlɛɡˈeɪʃən/
The official's subdelegation of duties required explicit authorization from the principal authority.
Subdelegation typically requires express permission as it involves passing on delegated powers, which may otherwise be restricted by law or contract.
/ˌsʌb.dɪˈvɪʒ.ən/
The city approved the subdivision of the property into five residential lots.
The marketing subdivision was responsible for international sales.
In real property law, careful drafting of subdivision agreements is important to ensure compliance with local regulations and to address development standards.
/ˌsʌbˈdɪvɪʒən plæt rɪˈvjuː/
The city planner conducted a thorough subdivision plat review before approving the new housing development.
Subdivision plat review is a critical step in land development law, focusing on regulatory compliance to maintain orderly growth and environmental standards.
/ˌsʌb.dɪˈvɪʒ.ən ˌrɛɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃənz/
The developer must comply with subdivision regulations before parceling the land.
Subdivision regulations are critical for ensuring planned growth and infrastructure provision; drafters should coordinate with zoning laws for consistency.
/ˈsʌbflɔːr/
The contract specifies that the subfloor must be inspected before laying the hardwood.
In legal drafting, specifying the condition and standards of the subfloor can prevent disputes in construction contracts.
/ˈsʌbɡrænt/
The nonprofit issued a subgrant to the local organization to carry out the project.
The term 'subgrant' is often used in grant administration contexts to designate an onward transfer of grant funds; clarity in agreements defining responsibilities of subgrantees is essential.
/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
The subject of the contract must consent to its terms.
Citizens are subjects of the state and bound by its laws.
The subject of the dispute is property ownership.
The contract is subject to approval by the board.
When drafting, distinguish 'subject' as a noun denoting parties or matters involved in law from its adjectival use implying conditionality or subjection to rules or authority.
/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt ˈmætər/
The subject matter of the contract was the sale of commercial real estate.
The subject matter jurisdiction of the court depends on the nature of the dispute.
The term is central in determining the scope and applicability of legal proceedings and agreements; clarity in drafting or pleadings about the subject matter avoids ambiguity and jurisdictional issues.
/ˈsəbˌdʒɛkt ˈmætər ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən/
The court dismissed the case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.
Subject matter jurisdiction must be established before the court can proceed with a trial.
Subject matter jurisdiction is foundational, as courts without it cannot lawfully decide a case; it differs from personal jurisdiction, which concerns authority over parties.
/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt tuː/
The agreement is subject to approval by the board.
The defendant is subject to the court's ruling.
Commonly used in contracts and legal documents to establish conditionality or jurisdiction; clarity in reference to the controlling clause or authority improves enforceability.
/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt tu ˈkɒntrækt/
The parties agreed to the terms subject to contract, pending final approval.
Use 'subject to contract' to clarify that negotiations or preliminary agreements do not create binding obligations, avoiding unintended contract formation.
/ˈsʌbdʒɪktˌmætər/
The subject-matter of the contract must be clearly defined to avoid ambiguity.
The court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over the international dispute.
In drafting, clarity in identifying the subject-matter is critical to delimiting scope and enforcement; avoid vague or overly broad descriptions.
/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt ˈmætər ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃən/
The court dismissed the case for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
Subject-matter jurisdiction is foundational and cannot be waived; it defines the scope within which a court may lawfully adjudicate.
/səbˈdʒɛkʃən/
The subjection of colonies to foreign rule sparked widespread resistance.
The treaty resulted in the subjection of the territory to the new government.
In legal drafting, "subjection" typically connotes a hierarchical relationship of authority, often relevant in contexts of sovereignty, jurisdiction, and governance.
/səbˈdʒɛktɪv/
The judge noted that the witness's testimony was subjective and might be biased.
Subjective intent is critical in determining criminal liability in this case.
In legal contexts, distinguishing subjective standards (personal viewpoints) from objective standards (external facts) is crucial, especially in assessing intent or credibility.
/səbˈdʒɛktɪv ɪnˈtɛnt/
The court examined the subjective intent of the defendant to determine liability.
Subjective intent is often contrasted with objective intent when interpreting ambiguous agreements.
Subjective intent focuses on a party's actual mental state, which may differ from how their conduct appears outwardly; this distinction is critical in areas like criminal law and contract interpretation.
/səbˈdʒɛktɪv ˈstændərd/
The court applied the subjective standard to evaluate the defendant's state of mind at the time of the contract.
Under the subjective standard, the plaintiff had to prove the defendant's actual knowledge of the risk.
Use subjective standard when emphasizing the individual's actual perspective or intent; contrast with objective standard which considers a hypothetical reasonable person.
/səbˈdʒɛktɪvli/
The judge ruled that the assessment was made subjectively, considering the witness's personal bias.
Used to describe legal assessments or interpretations influenced by personal perspectives rather than objective criteria.
/sʌbdʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/
The judge cautioned against letting subjectivity affect the verdict.
Subjectivity plays a key role in assessing witness credibility in court.
In legal drafting, clarity is critical to balance subjective interpretation with objective standards, especially regarding evidence and intent.
/ˌsəb.dʒəˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
The subjugation of the indigenous population was formalized through a series of oppressive laws.
The treaty aimed to end the subjugation of minority groups under the existing regime.
In legal contexts, subjugation often implies a loss of autonomy or sovereignty, and drafting should clarify whether control is by lawful authority or force.
/ˈsʌbˌlis/
The tenant signed a sublease agreement to rent the apartment to another tenant for six months.
The lessee decided to sublease the property while working abroad.
A sublease differs from an assignment in that the original tenant retains some interest and obligations under the original lease, making clarity in drafting essential.
/ˈsʌbˌlɛt/
She decided to sublet her apartment while working abroad.
The sublet agreement required approval from the landlord.
Subletting differs from assignment in that the original tenant retains liability under the lease while allowing another to occupy the property.
/ˈsʌblɛtɪŋ/
The tenant's subletting of the apartment required the landlord's written consent.
Subletting often requires landlord approval and does not terminate the original leasehold; tenants remain liable to the landlord.
/ˈsʌbˌlaɪsəns/
The company obtained a sublicense to distribute the software in Europe.
A sublicense depends on the existence of a primary license; it cannot exist independently and typically requires the original licensor's consent.
/səbˈmɪʃən/
The lawyer ensured the submission of all relevant documents before the deadline.
The settlement agreement was a submission to the court's jurisdiction.
In drafting, distinguish between submission as a procedural act (filing documents) and as a concept of yielding authority; clarity ensures correct legal interpretation.
/səbˈmɪʃən dɛdˌlaɪn/
The submission deadline for filing the appeal is March 15th.
Submission deadlines are critical to procedural fairness and are strictly enforced; extensions usually require court approval.
/səbˈmɪt/
The attorney will submit the evidence to the court for review.
The parties agreed to submit to arbitration rather than litigate.
In legal drafting, 'submit' often implies formal presentation to a court or tribunal; distinguish from informal presentation or mere communication.
/səbˈmɪtɪd/
The lawyer submitted the motion to the court before the deadline.
The submitted contract awaits the judge's approval.
As an inflected form, 'submitted' typically appears as the past tense or past participle of 'submit.' Its adjectival use often relates to the state of having been formally presented in a legal context.
/səbˈmɪtɪŋ/
The attorney is submitting the motion for summary judgment.
Submitting is the present participle form of the verb 'submit,' often used to describe the act in progress of presenting legal materials to a decision-maker.
/səˈbɔːrdɪnət/
The subordinate clause depends on the main clause for its meaning.
The manager issued instructions to her subordinates.
In legal drafting, distinguishing between 'subordinate' as an adjective and a noun helps clarify authority relationships in contracts and organizational documents.
/səˈbɔrdɪnət kleɪm/
The court considered the subordinate claim only after deciding the main issue.
Subordinate claims typically arise when a plaintiff or defendant asserts a secondary issue that depends on or complements the principal claim; properly identifying these is important for procedural clarity and judicial efficiency.
/səˈbɔːrdɪnət ˈtɛrətɔːri/
The colony was considered a subordinate territory under the empire's jurisdiction.
The subordinate territory had local leaders but remained subject to federal law.
Subordinate territories are often distinguished from fully sovereign or integrated territories by their limited autonomy and dependence on a central government.
/ˌsʌbɔːrdɪˈneɪʃən/
The subordination of the tenant's rights to the lien of the mortgage is clearly stated in the lease agreement.
The lender agreed to a subordination of its security interest to the bank's loan.
Subordination commonly appears in contract and secured transactions contexts, where priority among parties' rights or claims is critical.
/ˌsʌbɔːrdɪˈneɪʃən əˈɡriːmənt/
The lender required a subordination agreement to ensure their loan would be paid after the primary mortgage.
Subordination agreements are often negotiated to clarify debt priority and can affect enforcement rights in insolvency or foreclosure.
/səˈbɔrn/
The witness was accused of attempting to suborn perjury during the trial.
Commonly used in criminal law contexts involving corruption of testimony or illegal inducement.
/ˌsʌbɔːrˈneɪʃən/
The defendant was charged with subornation of perjury after convincing a witness to lie.
Subornation specifically denotes inducement to illegal acts like perjury, distinct from mere encouragement.
/ˌsʌbɔːrˈneɪʃən əv ˈpɜːrdʒəri/
The defendant was charged with subornation of perjury for convincing a witness to lie under oath.
Often prosecuted alongside perjury; essential to prove intent to induce false testimony.
/ˈsʌbˌpærəˌɡræf/
Clause 2(b)(ii) is found within the subparagraph of the statute.
Subparagraphs are commonly used to improve clarity and precision in statutes and contracts by breaking down complex provisions into manageable parts.
/səˈpiː.nə/
The court issued a subpoena requiring the witness to testify.
The attorney subpoenaed the documents for trial.
Use 'subpoena' carefully to distinguish between the noun (the document) and the verb (the act of compelling). Draft to specify compliance requirements clearly.
/səˈpiː.nə æd ˌtɛs.tɪˈfɪk.ən.dəm/
The witness was served with a subpoena ad testificandum to appear at trial.
Often used to compel a witness's presence, distinct from subpoenas requiring document production.
/ˈsʌp.iː.nə ˈduː.siːz ˈtɛk.əm/
The attorney served a subpoena duces tecum to obtain the financial records.
Often used during discovery to obtain documentary evidence; ensure specificity in describing the documents requested to avoid disputes.
/səbˈpiːnə ˈpaʊər/
The judge exercised the subpoena power to require the witness to testify in court.
Legislative subpoena power is essential for conducting thorough investigations.
Subpoena power is often expressly granted by statute or derived from court rules; its scope and limits vary by jurisdiction and context.
/ˌsʌb.rɪˈsaɪp.i.ənt/
The subrecipient must comply with all reporting requirements imposed by the primary grant recipient.
The term is often used in federal grant law to distinguish entities that receive funds indirectly from a prime recipient versus direct recipients.
/ˌsʌbrəˈɡeɪʃən/
The insurer exercised subrogation to recover the damages from the at-fault driver.
Subrogation often arises in insurance law, where the insurer steps into the insured's shoes to pursue recovery from a third party responsible for loss.
/suh-broh-GEE/
The insurer became the subrogee after paying the insured's loss and pursued the liable third party for reimbursement.
Typically arises in insurance and debt contexts where rights are transferred to another party to enforce or recover debts or claims.
/ˈsʌbrəɡɔːr/
The subrogor transferred their right to collect the debt to the subrogee.
In legal drafting, clearly identify the subrogor to determine the scope of rights transferred to the subrogee.
/səbˈskraɪbər/
The subscriber agreed to the terms for monthly internet service.
The subscriber signed the document in the presence of a notary.
In legal drafting, clearly distinguishing a subscriber's rights and obligations in service agreements or document signings helps prevent ambiguity.
/səbˈskrɪpʃən/
The client renewed the subscription to the legal journal for another year.
The subscription of new shares increased the company’s capital.
In legal drafting, clarify the context of 'subscription' to distinguish between service agreements and equity or securities commitments.
/ˌsʌbsˈkrɪp.ʃən əˈɡriː.mənt/
The parties negotiated the subscription agreement for the software service.
Subscription agreements often include terms on renewal, payment, and termination; drafters should clarify obligations and duration clearly.
/ˌsʌbskrɪpʃən fiː/
The subscription fee must be paid monthly to continue access to the software.
Typically specified in service contracts, subscription fees are distinct from one-time payments and require clear terms regarding duration, renewal, and cancellation.
/ˌsʌbskrɪpʃən raɪt/
The company issued subscription rights to its existing shareholders to buy new shares at a discounted price.
Subscription rights are often used in corporate finance to protect shareholders from dilution; clear terms are essential to define exercise period and price.
/ˈsʌbˌsɛkʃən/
The regulations are detailed in subsection 4(a) of the environmental law.
In legal drafting, subsections help break down complex sections into manageable parts for clarity and citation precision.
/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/
The court considered the subsequent actions of the defendant after the initial breach.
Often used to describe events or actions following an initial event, important in determining causation and liability timelines.
/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt ˈdæmɪdʒɪz/
The plaintiff sought subsequent damages for losses incurred after the contract breach.
Subsequent damages often overlap with consequential damages but specifically emphasize harm arising after an initial event; clarity in contractual language helps delineate scope.
/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt ɪˈvent/
The accountant reviewed subsequent events to determine if any adjustments were necessary for the financial statements.
The parties negotiated a clause addressing subsequent events that could trigger renegotiation of contract terms.
In financial reporting, subsequent events require careful evaluation to determine if adjustments or disclosures are necessary; in contract law, such events can impact performance or obligations and are often governed by specific clauses.
/səbˈsekwəntli/
The defendant subsequently filed an appeal after the initial verdict.
Used to denote temporal sequence in legal documents and arguments, ensuring clarity about the order of events or actions.
/səbˈsɜːrviəns/
The contract demonstrated the subservience of the tenant to the landlord's rules.
In legal drafting, subservience often highlights power imbalances and should be used to clarify hierarchical relationships rather than merely descriptive use.
/səbˈsɜːrviənt/
The party was deemed subservient to the principal contract terms.
Often describes relationships in legal contexts where one party yields control or authority to another; careful drafting should clarify the extent of subservience to avoid ambiguity.
/səbˈsɜːrviəntli/
The witness answered subserviently to all questions posed by the prosecutor.
Often used to describe conduct or demeanor in legal contexts where hierarchy or authority is emphasized, highlighting the subordinate position of a party.
/ˌsʌbsɪˈdɪərɪˌæriti/
The European Union applies the principle of subsidiarity to balance powers between the union and member states.
Subsidiarity is often invoked in constitutional and administrative law to justify the allocation of powers; clarity in its application helps prevent over-centralization.
/səbˈsɪdiˌɛri/
The parent company owns several subsidiaries operating in different countries.
The subsidiary clause clarifies the main contract.
In legal drafting, distinguish clearly between 'subsidiary' as a noun (entity) and adjective (secondary) to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsʌbsɪdɪɛri ˈlɛdʒər/
The accounts receivable subsidiary ledger showed each customer's outstanding balance.
Use subsidiary ledgers to maintain clarity and detail in financial records while ensuring consistency with controlling accounts in the general ledger.
/ˈsʌbsɪˌdɪˌɛri prəˈtɛkʃən/
The applicant was granted subsidiary protection after proving the threat to their safety.
Subsidiary protection complements refugee status by extending protection to individuals exposed to serious harm not covered under the 1951 Refugee Convention.
/ˈsʌbsɪdi/
The government provided a subsidy to encourage renewable energy development.
Farmers received subsidies to lower the price of agricultural products.
Subsidy typically involves governmental financial support, and clear drafting should specify the nature, source, and conditions of the aid.
/səbˈsɪstəns/
The court considered whether the employee’s wages were sufficient for subsistence.
Child support payments must ensure the subsistence of the child.
Commonly used in contexts involving financial support and basic needs; clarity is important when distinguishing subsistence from discretionary income.
/ˈsʌbsɪstəns ˈlɛvəl/
The court considered whether the defendant's income fell below the subsistence level when deciding welfare eligibility.
The term is commonly used in legal contexts involving poverty law, welfare benefits, and economic rights to determine eligibility or adequacy of support.
/ˈsʌbstəns/
The court focused on the substance of the agreement rather than its form.
The defendant was charged with possession of a controlled substance.
The trustee must preserve the substance of the trust property.
When drafting, distinguish clearly between 'substance' and 'form' to avoid disputes over legal interpretation.
/ˈsʌbstəns əˌbjus/
The defendant was charged with possession related to substance abuse.
Substance abuse may affect custody determinations in divorce cases.
Terms relating to substance abuse are context-sensitive, appearing in criminal, family, and employment law; clarity in specifying the legal context is advisable.
/ˈsʌbstəns əˌbjus lɔː/
Substance abuse law governs penalties for illegal drug possession and mandates rehabilitation programs.
Substance abuse law often intersects with criminal law and public health regulations, requiring careful drafting to balance enforcement and treatment considerations.
/ˈsʌbstəns əˈbjuːs ˌlɛdʒɪsˈleɪʃən/
The state enacted substance abuse legislation to impose stricter penalties on illegal drug trafficking.
Substance abuse legislation often includes provisions for rehabilitation and education initiatives.
Substance abuse legislation encompasses both punitive and remedial legal measures, reflecting a dual focus on criminal control and public health.
/ˈsʌbstəns əˈbjus ˈpɒlɪsi/
The company implemented a substance abuse policy to maintain a drug-free workplace.
Effective drafting of a substance abuse policy often includes clear definitions of substances covered, testing methods, confidentiality protocols, and disciplinary procedures to withstand legal scrutiny.
/ˈsʌbstəns əˈbjus prɪˌvɛnʃən/
The government funded a new substance abuse prevention program targeting teenagers.
Focuses on proactive measures and legal frameworks aiming to reduce substance misuse rather than criminal penalties or treatment.
/ˈsʌbstəns əˌbjus ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
The state's substance abuse regulation mandates mandatory counseling for first-time offenders.
Primarily used to describe statutory and administrative measures addressing substance misuse; often intersects with health and criminal law.
/ˈsʌbstəns əˈbjus ˈtɛstɪŋ/
The court ordered substance abuse testing as part of the probation conditions.
Substance abuse testing is typically regulated by statutory and case law to protect privacy and ensure accuracy, particularly in employment and criminal justice contexts.
/ˈsʌbstəns əˈbjuːs ˈtriːtmənt/
The court ordered the defendant to complete a substance abuse treatment program as part of the sentence.
Substance abuse treatment centers must adhere to strict confidentiality laws under HIPAA.
In legal contexts, substance abuse treatment often intersects with criminal justice, health regulations, and patient rights, making precise drafting essential to address compliance and enforcement issues.
/ˈsʌbstəns əˈbjuːz ˈtriːtmənt lɔː/
The substance abuse treatment law mandates confidentiality protections for patients undergoing rehabilitation.
Under the substance abuse treatment law, minors may require parental consent before accessing certain treatment programs.
This term encompasses multiple facets of legal frameworks regulating addiction treatment; drafters should specify jurisdiction and scope to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsʌbstəns kənˈtroʊl/
The company faced penalties due to inadequate substance control measures that violated environmental regulations.
Substance control typically pertains to legal frameworks governing hazardous or regulated materials. Draft contracts or policies should clearly define controlled substances and compliance obligations.
/ˈsʌbstəns dɪˈpɛndəns/
The defendant's substance dependence was considered during sentencing to potentially mitigate punishment.
Legal contexts often treat substance dependence as a factor influencing culpability, treatment mandates, or disability benefits eligibility.
/ˈsʌbstəns lɪst/
The manufacturer ensured all chemicals were included on the substance list to comply with environmental regulations.
Typically used in regulatory, environmental, or safety law contexts where government mandates tracking of specified substances.
/ˈsʌbstəns oʊvər fɔːrm/
The court applied substance over form to prevent the parties from avoiding liability through artificial structuring.
For tax purposes, substance over form ensures that transactions are taxed according to their true nature, not merely their documentation.
Essential for drafting clear agreements and tax texts, this principle guards against attempts to disguise the true nature of transactions through formalistic or superficial labels.
/ˈsʌbstəns ˈoʊvər fɔrm ˈdɔktrɪn/
The court applied the substance over form doctrine to determine the true nature of the complex financial arrangement.
This doctrine guides courts and accountants to look beyond contractual labels to the actual intent and effect, often preventing abuse of form to evade legal obligations.
/ˈsʌbstəns ˈrɛdʒɪstri/
The EPA uses the Substance Registry to track chemicals subject to environmental regulations.
The term is primarily used in regulatory and environmental law contexts; accurate identification of substances via a registry facilitates compliance and enforcement.
/ˈsʌbstəns ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
The company must comply with substance regulation to legally market its new pharmaceutical product.
This term typically appears in contexts concerning public health, safety, and environmental protection; clarity in defining the scope of 'substances' is crucial in drafting statutes or policies.
/ˈsʌbstəns jus dɪsˈɔrdər/
The defendant was diagnosed with a substance use disorder, which influenced the court's sentencing decision.
Substance use disorder is primarily a medical term with significant legal implications, especially in criminal law and health law contexts; precise diagnosis can affect sentencing, treatment mandates, and disability claims.
/səbˈstænʃəl/
The defendant must provide substantial evidence to support their claim.
The plaintiff suffered substantial damages due to the breach of contract.
Use 'substantial' to distinguish legally meaningful facts or impacts from those that are nominal or insignificant.
/ˌsʌbstænʃəl ˈbɪznəs ækˈtɪvɪtiz tɛst/
The multinational corporation passed the substantial business activities test, thereby qualifying for reduced withholding tax under the treaty.
This test typically assesses factors such as payroll, assets, and revenue to ascertain genuine operational presence, avoiding mere paper entities used for tax avoidance.
/ˌsʌbˈstænʃəl ɪˈkwɪvələns/
The FDA approved the new medical device based on its substantial equivalence to an existing device.
Used primarily in regulatory contexts such as the FDA’s 510(k) process; clarity in defining the predicate product is key to effective application.
/ˌsʌbstænʃəl ˈɛvɪdəns rɪˈvjuː/
The court upheld the agency's ruling after conducting a substantial evidence review of the record.
This review focuses on whether the evidence on the administrative record reasonably supports the agency's conclusions, not on reweighing evidence or substituting the court's judgment.
/ˌsʌbstænʃəl ˈɛvɪdəns ˈstændərd/
The court upheld the agency's ruling because it was supported by substantial evidence.
This standard applies primarily in administrative and appellate contexts to assess whether a decision is supported by sufficient evidence, less stringent than beyond a reasonable doubt but more than a mere scintilla.
/ˌsʌbˈstænʃəl pərˈfɔːrməns/
The court ruled that the contractor's work constituted substantial performance, entitling him to payment minus any damages for defects.
Substantial performance is often used to distinguish from material breach, allowing recovery under contracts where performance falls short but the essence of the contract is fulfilled.
/ˈsʌb.stæn.ʃəl.i/
The defendant's actions substantially breached the contract terms.
The evidence substantially supports the plaintiff’s claim.
In legal drafting, 'substantially' is used to qualify the degree to which a condition or action meets a requirement, often requiring assessment of facts rather than strict letter compliance.
/ˈsʌb.stæn.tɪv/
The court must address the substantive issues of the case before ruling.
The substantive law determines the legal relationships between individuals.
Substantive evidence was presented to prove the defendant’s guilt.
Use 'substantive' to distinguish issues or rules that affect the core legal rights and obligations, rather than procedural or formal requirements.
/ˈsʌbstəntɪv ˈduː ˈprɑːses/
The court invoked substantive due process to strike down the law as violating privacy rights.
Substantive due process is distinct from procedural due process and often involves judicial assessment of the legitimacy of the law itself, not just the procedures used to enforce it.
/ˈsʌbstəntɪv ˈɛrɚ/
The court reversed the decision due to a substantive error in applying the law.
A substantive error typically impacts the outcome or validity of a case, distinguishing it from minor or procedural errors that do not affect the core legal issues.
/ˈsʌbstəntɪv ˈdʒʌstɪs/
The court sought substantive justice by ensuring the defendant's contractual rights were fully honored.
Substantive justice focuses on the merits and outcomes of legal claims rather than procedural formalities; drafters should distinguish it clearly from procedural justice to avoid conflation.
/ˈsʌbstəntɪv lɔː/
Substantive law determines the legal rights of individuals in contracts and property.
Substantive law is often contrasted with procedural law, which governs how legal processes are conducted rather than the rights themselves.
/ˈsʌbstəntɪv raɪts/
The plaintiff asserted their substantive rights under the contract to claim damages.
Substantive rights protect individuals from unlawful infringement on their property.
Substantive rights contrast with procedural rights; drafters distinguish clearly to address what rights exist versus how they are enforced.
/ˈsʌbstəntɪv ʌnkənˈskoʊnsiəˌbɪləti/
The court found substantive unconscionability in the contract's excessively one-sided payment terms.
Substantive unconscionability focuses on the fairness of contract terms themselves and is often considered alongside procedural unconscionability to assess overall unconscionability.
/səbˈstæn.tɪv.li/
The court ruled substantively on the merits of the contract dispute, ignoring procedural objections.
'Substantively' is typically used to distinguish considerations of legal substance from procedural aspects, emphasizing the core rights or obligations involved.
/ˌsʌbstɪˈtjuːtəbl/
The contract included a clause specifying which parties were substitutable in case of transfer.
In legal drafting, 'substitutable' often pertains to the ability to replace a party or document without affecting the validity or enforceability of an agreement.
/ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/
The substitute appeared in court on behalf of the attorney.
The attorney substituted a new witness during the trial.
In legal drafting, clarify whether 'substitute' refers to a person acting in place of another or the act of replacing to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsʌbstɪtjuˌtɔr.ni/
The client appointed a substitute attorney to manage the case while the primary lawyer was unavailable.
A substitute attorney is commonly designated through a power of attorney document; clarity in appointment scope is essential to limit or expand their authority.
/ˈsʌbstɪtʃuˌt kaʊnsəl/
The defendant was represented by substitute counsel during the trial when the original attorney was unavailable.
Substitute counsel is typically appointed or retained when the primary counsel is unable to continue representation; clear identification ensures continuity in legal proceedings.
When the defendant was evading personal service, the court authorized substituted service by leaving the summons with a family member at the defendant’s home.
Substituted service balances due process requirements with practical difficulties in locating the party; procedural rules often specify acceptable methods and authorized agents for such service.
/ˌsʌbstɪˈtjuːʃən/
The substitution of counsel was approved by the court.
The court granted a substitution of the plaintiff following the merger.
In legal drafting, clarify the subject and object of substitution to avoid ambiguity about what or whom is being replaced.
/ˈsʌbtɛnənsi/
The subtenancy arrangement required approval from the landlord.
Subtenancy commonly arises when the original tenant grants possession rights to another party; ensure lease agreements permit subletting to avoid disputes.
/ˈsʌbtərˌfjuːʒ/
The lawyer uncovered the subterfuge employed to hide the assets from the court.
Often involves deliberate deceit to circumvent legal duties; careful drafting should anticipate and preclude potential subterfuges.
/ˈsʌbˌtɛkst/
The subtext of the contract suggested a duty beyond the written terms.
Subtext is crucial in contract law for understanding parties' intentions beyond explicit language.
/ˈsʌbˌtaɪtlz/
The subtitles enabled deaf viewers to follow the movie's dialogue.
In legal contexts, subtitles can implicate copyright issues, especially concerning translation rights and accessibility compliance.
/ˈsʌtəl/
The subtle differences between the contract clauses affected their enforceability.
In legal drafting and interpretation, 'subtle' often highlights the importance of nuanced language and implications that might influence a court's understanding or the intent of parties.
/ˈsʌt.lər/
The contract contains a subtler clause concerning liability that requires careful analysis.
'Subtler' is a comparative adjective form used to describe finer distinctions in legal texts or arguments, highlighting nuances that can affect interpretation or application.
/ˈsʌtlɪst/
The subtlest distinctions in the contract were debated by the attorneys.
Used to emphasize the highest degree of subtlety, often pertinent when analyzing nuanced legal texts or arguments.
/ˈsʌtəlti/
The subtlety of the contract language led to differing interpretations by the parties.
Judges often rely on the subtlety of precedent to resolve ambiguous cases.
Legal usage of 'subtlety' emphasizes the importance of nuanced distinctions and precise language interpretation in legal texts and arguments.
/ˌsʌbˈtrakʃən/
The court examined the subtraction of expenses from gross income to determine taxable profits.
In legal contexts, subtraction often arises in the calculation of damages, taxation liabilities, and adjustments of accounts; clarity in specifying the amounts involved is crucial to avoid disputes.
/səbˈvɜːrʒən/
The defendant was charged with subversion for plotting to destabilize the government.
Her writings were considered a form of subversion against the prevailing legal norms.
In legal contexts, 'subversion' often denotes covert activities aimed at overthrowing authority, distinct from open rebellion or direct violence; precise definitions can vary by jurisdiction.
/səbˈvɜːrsɪv ækˈtɪvɪti/
The defendant was charged with engaging in subversive activity against the state.
The term often appears in statutes defining offenses against national security, emphasizing intent to disrupt lawful authority rather than mere dissent.
/səbˈvɜːrsɪv gruːp/
The government enacted stricter laws to monitor activities of suspected subversive groups.
The term typically appears in contexts involving national security law; care should be taken to distinguish lawful political dissent from unlawful subversion.
/ˈsək.ses.fəl ˈpɑr.ti/
The successful party was awarded full damages by the court.
The term is used primarily to identify the party entitled to enforce or benefit from a judgment or award in litigation or arbitration.
/sək-ˈse-shən/
The succession of property to the heirs was governed by the terms of the will.
The smooth succession of the CEO ensured business continuity.
Succession commonly refers to the legal transmission of rights or duties, particularly in estates and offices; drafters should clarify context to avoid ambiguity between inheritance and corporate usage.
The succession clause in the will determined who would inherit the estate.
Typically important in wills, trusts, and contracts to ensure clear transfer of rights or duties; precise drafting avoids disputes over succession.
/səkˈsɛʃən ˈdjuːti/
The heirs were required to pay succession duty before inheriting the estate.
Succession duty is distinct from inheritance tax in some jurisdictions; it is important to check local laws for specific application and rates.
/səkˈsɛʃən lɔː/
Succession law determines who inherits property when someone dies without a will.
Succession law primarily addresses inheritance and estate transfer on death; distinctions may exist between statutory intestacy rules and testamentary freedom depending on jurisdiction.
/ˌsəkˈsɛʃən ˈplænɪŋ/
The company implemented succession planning to prepare for the CEO's eventual retirement.
Succession planning is essential for avoiding conflicts among heirs after the decedent's death.
Succession planning in corporate contexts focuses on leadership continuity, while in estate contexts it deals with asset and management transfer upon death.
/ˌsəkˈsɛʃən ˈstætʃuːts/
Succession statutes determine how an estate is distributed when someone dies without a valid will.
Succession statutes typically vary by jurisdiction and are crucial for resolving inheritance disputes and ensuring orderly property transfer after death.
/səkˈsɛʃən tu ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsɪ/
The constitution outlines the rules for succession to the presidency to ensure continuity of government.
Succession to the presidency is a critical constitutional mechanism designed to prevent power vacuums in executive leadership.
/səkˈsɛsər/
The successor to the company took over all its contractual obligations.
Upon the merger, the successor company became liable for the predecessor's debts.
In legal drafting, the term 'successor' is often used to ensure continuity of obligations or rights and should be clearly defined to cover all relevant parties, including successors by law or assignment.
/səkˈsɛsər ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃən/
The successor corporation inherited all contractual obligations of the original company.
In drafting, clearly define the scope of liabilities and rights transferred to a successor corporation to avoid ambiguity in corporate transactions.
/səkˈsɛsər laɪəˈbɪləti/
The court applied successor liability to hold the acquiring company responsible for the predecessor’s unpaid taxes.
Successor liability is context-specific and varies significantly by jurisdiction; drafters should clearly define the scope in agreements to avoid unintended assumptions of liability.
/səkˈsɪŋktnəs/
The lawyer's succinctness in presenting the case helped the judge grasp the key issues quickly.
Succinctness is valued in legal contexts for enhancing clarity and effectiveness; however, excessive brevity that sacrifices necessary detail should be avoided.
/ˈsʌdn ˈkɑːrdiæk dɛθ/
The autopsy ruled the cause of death as sudden cardiac death, impacting the wrongful death lawsuit.
This term is critical in legal cases involving insurance claims, personal injury, or wrongful death, where establishing timing and cause of death affects legal outcomes.
/suː/
She decided to sue the company for breach of contract.
'Sue' is primarily used as a verb in legal contexts meaning to bring a lawsuit; its various forms are inflections rather than distinct meanings.
/ˈsʌfər/
The plaintiff suffered financial loss due to the defendant's breach of contract.
The court refused to suffer the defendant’s unjust claims.
In legal drafting, 'suffer' often denotes the experience of harm or loss and can imply tacit allowance; precise context clarifies its use.
/ˈsʌf(ə)rəns/
The tenant's continued occupation after the lease ended was considered a tenancy at sufferance.
Use 'sufferance' primarily in the context of landlord-tenant relationships to distinguish informal possession without consent from other tenancy forms.
/ˈsʌfər/
The plaintiff claims to have suffered financial loss due to the defendant's negligence.
Commonly used in legal language to describe experiencing harm or loss qualifying for remedies.
/ˈsʌfərər/
The sufferer sought compensation for the damages caused by the defendant's negligence.
Often used to identify parties entitled to claims for damages or relief in tort and personal injury contexts.
/səˈfɪʃənsi/
The sufficiency of evidence is crucial to uphold a conviction.
The lawyer argued the sufficiency of the contract to bind both parties.
Sufficiency often focuses on whether evidence or facts meet the minimum threshold required by law to justify a legal outcome; it differs from 'adequacy,' which may imply a higher standard.
/səˈfɪʃənt/
There is sufficient evidence to support the claim.
The document provided was sufficient to satisfy the contract terms.
In legal drafting, 'sufficient' often qualifies the minimal acceptable level of proof or compliance, indicating that the requirement is met without necessarily exceeding it.
/səˈfɪʃəntli/
The evidence was sufficiently strong to warrant a conviction.
Used primarily as a modifier to describe whether the degree or amount meets the threshold established by law or contract.
/ˈsʌfrɪdʒ/
The movement fought tirelessly to secure suffrage for all citizens.
Suffrage specifically denotes the legal right to vote, often considered in the context of expansions or restrictions of that right.
/səˈdʒɛst/
The attorney suggested a settlement to avoid trial.
The contract's wording suggests the parties intended confidentiality.
In legal drafting, 'suggest' often implies a non-binding proposal or an inferred meaning rather than a direct command or obligation.
/suhj-uhs-tuh-buhl/
The court questioned the suggestible witness to assess the reliability of her statements.
Suggestibility is crucial in evaluating the reliability of testimony and the impact of interrogation techniques.
/suh-JES-tuh-bler/
The court considered whether the witness was suggestibler under cross-examination.
Rarely used; typically replaced by 'suggestible' in contemporary legal and psychological contexts.
Among the witnesses, the suggestiblest one was easily swayed during cross-examination.
Suggestiblest is the superlative form of suggestible, primarily used to compare the degree of susceptibility to suggestion; the base term suggestible carries the substantive legal meanings.
/səˈdʒɛstʃən/
The attorney made a suggestion regarding the interpretation of the contract.
The suggestion of bias was raised during the trial.
In legal drafting, 'suggestion' often implies an informal or preliminary proposal rather than a binding motion or demand.
/suː.aɪ/
The corporation acts sui in its contractual obligations.
He is sui in his legal decisions, not acting on behalf of another.
Used primarily in legal Latin phrases such as 'persona sui juris,' indicating independent legal capacity or status.
/ˌsuːi ˈdʒʊərɪs/
The individual was declared sui juris and could execute the contract independently.
Used primarily in contexts distinguishing those who possess independent legal capacity from those under legal disability or guardianship.
/ˌsuɪsɪdəl aɪdiˈeɪʃən/
The court considered the defendant's history of suicidal ideation when evaluating his mental state.
Suicidal ideation often arises in forensic contexts to assess risk and intent, influencing decisions on criminal responsibility or civil commitment.
/ˈsuːɪsaɪd/
The court considered whether the man's death was a result of suicide.
His suicide raised questions about the validity of the life insurance policy.
In legal drafting, suicide itself is generally not a crime but may affect related legal issues such as insurance claims and mental capacity assessments.
/ˈsuːɪsaɪd pækt/
The investigation focused on whether the victims had entered into a suicide pact.
Legally, a suicide pact may affect the classification and prosecution of deaths involved, distinguishing consensual joint suicide from homicide or assisted suicide.
/suːt/
The plaintiff filed a suit for breach of contract.
He wore a dark suit to court.
The company decided to suit the manufacturer for patent infringement.
As a legal term, 'suit' most commonly refers to a civil lawsuit; care should be taken to distinguish this from its non-legal usage as clothing.
/suːtəˈbɪləti/
The court evaluated the suitability of the witness before allowing testimony.
The buyer claimed damages due to lack of suitability of the product for its intended purpose.
Suitability often involves factual and contextual evaluation, important in evidence admissibility and contract performance assessments.
/ˈsuːtəbl/
The court found the evidence suitable for consideration in the case.
The candidate’s background made her suitable to serve as a fiduciary.
In legal contexts, 'suitable' often implies meeting a required standard rather than a subjective preference, highlighting its comparative and context-dependent nature.
The court found the second candidate to be suitabler for the role of trustee.
Used as the comparative adjective of suitable; typically appears in comparative legal assessments to determine appropriateness.
/ˈsuːtəblɪst/
The court determined that this was the suitablest candidate to adjudicate the matter.
Typically used as a superlative adjective; in legal drafting, prefer 'most suitable' for clarity.
/ˈsuːtəbli/
The parties acted suitably to fulfill their obligations under the agreement.
Used primarily as an adverb to modify actions or procedures, indicating they are conducted in a manner meeting legal or contractual standards.
/sʌm/
The plaintiff sought a sum of $50,000 as compensation for damages.
The parties agreed upon a fair sum to resolve the dispute.
In legal drafting, specifying the 'sum' precisely is critical for clarity in financial obligations or settlements.
/ˈsʌm ɪnˈʃʊəd/
The sum insured on her property insurance policy was set at $500,000.
The sum insured defines the cap of insurer liability; precise drafting avoids ambiguity in payout limits.
/ˌsʌməˌraɪˈzeɪʃən/
The lawyer prepared a summarization of the witness testimonies for the trial.
Summarization in legal contexts emphasizes clarity and precision to aid quick understanding of complex materials.
/ˈsʌməraɪz/
The judge asked the lawyer to summarize the key facts of the case.
In legal contexts, summarizing often requires distilling complex arguments or voluminous evidence into concise statements without altering the substance.
/ˈsʌməri/
The lawyer prepared a summary of the case for the judge.
The court issued a summary judgment in favor of the plaintiff.
In legal drafting, summaries must be concise but sufficiently detailed to capture essential facts or arguments without elaboration.
/ˈsʌməri dɪsˈmɪsl/
The company proceeded with summary dismissal after the employee was caught embezzling funds.
Summary dismissal is distinct from ordinary dismissal in that it involves immediate termination without notice, usually reserved for serious breaches of contract.
/ˈsʌməri dɪspəˈzɪʃən/
The court granted summary disposition in favor of the defendant after reviewing the undisputed facts.
Often used synonymously with summary judgment, 'summary disposition' emphasizes the final ruling without trial; drafters should clarify if it includes judgment on the merits or procedural rulings.
/ˈsʌm.ɚ.i iˈdʒɛkt.mənt/
The landlord filed a summary ejectment to evict the tenant who had not paid rent for three months.
Summary ejectment procedures prioritize speed and efficiency over comprehensive trial processes, often limiting tenant defenses; drafters must ensure compliance with statutory notice requirements.
/ˈsʌməri ɪˈvɪkʃən/
The landlord filed a summary eviction to regain possession of the property after the tenant failed to pay rent.
Summary evictions expedite tenant removal, emphasizing procedural efficiency over extensive factual hearings; jurisdictions vary in required notices and timelines.
/ˈsʌməri ɪkˈzɛkjuːʃən/
The human rights report condemned the summary execution of detainees by the military.
The term is used primarily to denote unlawful, immediate executions bypassing judicial procedures, often in contexts of armed conflict or authoritarian regimes.
/ˈsʌməri ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/
The judge granted summary judgment in favor of the defendant, ending the case early.
Summary judgment is a procedural tool to streamline litigation by avoiding unnecessary trials when facts are undisputed.
/ˈsʌməri ˈdʒʌstɪs/
The court dispensed summary justice to resolve the misdemeanor case within a day.
The defendant claimed that summary justice was denied because he was not given a fair hearing.
Summary justice emphasizes speed and efficiency but requires careful balancing to protect fair trial rights.
/ˈsʌm.ər.i əˈfɛn(t)s/
Speeding is usually classified as a summary offence, resulting in a fine rather than imprisonment.
Summary offences are designed for swift resolution, often limiting procedural complexity and sentencing options compared to indictable offences.
/ˈsʌməri əˌfɛn(t)s/
He was charged with a summary offense for the minor traffic violation.
Summary offenses are distinguished from indictable offenses by their simplified court procedures and usually less severe penalties.
/ˈsʌməri pəˈzɛʃən/
The landlord initiated a summary possession to evict the tenant for failing to pay rent on time.
Summary possession actions prioritize efficiency and often limit procedural safeguards compared to ordinary civil cases; drafters should note jurisdiction-specific rules about notice and hearing requirements.
/ˈsʌməri prəˈsiːdʒər/
The court employed a summary procedure to expedite the handling of the minor claim.
Summary procedure can be utilized in uncontested divorces to streamline the judgment.
Summary procedures aim to reduce costs and delays in the judicial process but may limit parties' opportunities for extensive evidence or argument.
/ˈsʌməri prəˈsiːdɪŋ/
The court approved a summary proceeding to swiftly settle the minor dispute.
The plaintiff initiated a summary proceeding to recover unpaid rent without delay.
Summary proceedings prioritize efficiency and speed, often at the expense of comprehensive evidence gathering, and are governed by specific rules depending on jurisdiction.
/ˈsʌməri rɪˈpɔrt/
The attorney submitted a summary report detailing the investigation results to the court.
Often used to convey essential information efficiently in legal settings without exhaustive detail; clarity and accuracy are crucial in drafting.
/ˌsʌməˈneɪʃən/
The attorney delivered a compelling summation to persuade the jury.
The summation of damages was presented to the court for compensation calculation.
Summation is distinct from general 'argument' as it specifically refers to the concluding speech; ensure clarity by specifying its use during trial closing.
/ˈsʌmɪt/
The leaders met at the summit to negotiate the treaty.
The attorney decided to summit the evidence to the court.
As a noun, "summit" denotes high-level meetings, often diplomatic. As a verb, though less common, it means to submit documents formally; ensure context clarifies usage.
/ˈsʌmɪt ˈmiːtɪŋ/
The summit meeting resulted in a historic treaty between the two nations.
In legal contexts, summit meetings often serve as platforms for binding international agreements; precise documentation is crucial to capture agreed commitments.
/ˈsʌmən/
The court summons the defendant to appear on the scheduled date.
The plaintiff served a summon on the witness to ensure attendance.
In legal contexts, 'summon' as a verb refers to the act of formally calling someone to court, while as a noun, 'summons' is the document issued for that purpose. The plural noun 'summons' and verb forms relate back to this base term.
/ˈsʌŋk kɒst ˈfæləsi/
The court recognized the sunk cost fallacy in the company's insistence on completing the costly project despite diminishing returns.
The sunk cost fallacy is often cited in legal discussions involving contract termination or business decisions to highlight irrational financial commitments.
/ˈsuːpər ˌpæk/
The candidate received substantial support through a super PAC's advertising efforts.
Super PACs must operate independently and cannot contribute directly to candidates, distinguishing them from traditional PACs.
/ˌsuːpərˈmɒrɪti/
The amendment passed only after achieving a super-majority of two-thirds of the votes.
Typically used in corporate, legislative, or organizational bylaws to ensure broader consensus for significant decisions.
/ˌsuːpərˌænjuˈeɪʃən/
Employees are entitled to receive superannuation payments upon retirement according to the company’s policy.
The employer is required by law to make superannuation contributions for all eligible workers.
In legal drafting, distinguish between 'superannuation' as a general pension scheme and the statutory employer contributions to ensure clarity in obligations and entitlements.
/ˌsuːpərˈfluːɪti/
The contract contained several superfluities that complicated its enforcement.
In legal drafting, identifying superfluities helps streamline documents and avoid conflicting provisions.
/suːˈpɜːrfluəs/
The court dismissed the superfluous evidence as irrelevant to the case.
The term is often used to identify elements in legal documents or arguments that serve no effective purpose and may cause confusion or inefficiency in judicial proceedings.
/ˈsuːpərˌfʌnd/
The EPA allocated funds from the Superfund to remediate the toxic waste site.
The Superfund finances the removal of hazardous materials from abandoned industrial properties.
In legal drafting, "Superfund" typically refers to both the statutory program and the financing trust; contextual clarity is key to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsuːpərˌfʌnd ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/
The company faced superfund liability for contaminating the soil with toxic chemicals.
Superfund liability typically involves strict liability, joint and several liability, and retroactive application, making it a key concept in environmental legal claims.
/ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛndənt/
The superintendent implemented new policies to improve school safety.
The superintendent promptly fixed the plumbing issue in the apartment building.
In legal contexts, the role and duties of a superintendent vary by jurisdiction and institution type, so definitions often depend on specific regulatory frameworks.
/səˈpɪriər/
The superior court has jurisdiction over appeals from lower courts.
The defendant's superior knowledge of the contract terms was crucial in the case.
In legal contexts, "superior" often distinguishes courts or officers with greater authority or rank; it is important to note this hierarchical relevance when drafting or interpreting documents.
/ˈsuːpɪriər kɔːrt/
The Superior Court reviewed the evidence before making its ruling.
The term 'Superior Court' commonly refers to a judicial entity with broad jurisdiction but varies by jurisdiction; it may be the principal trial court or an intermediate appellate court. Always clarify the context or jurisdiction when drafting to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsuːpɪərɪər laɪˈbɪləti/
The company faced superior liability for the actions of its employee during work hours.
Superior liability was assigned to the manager who directed the negligent acts of the staff.
Superior liability often overlaps with, but is conceptually distinct from, vicarious liability; it emphasizes the responsibility of the superior based on authority or control rather than solely employment relationship.
/ˌsuːpəriˈɒrɪti/
The court ruled on the principle of the applicant's superiority in ownership rights.
The treaty's superiority over national law was upheld by the judiciary.
In legal drafting, establish the basis and scope of superiority clearly to avoid ambiguity in hierarchical relationships or conflicts between laws.
/suːˈpɪərɪərli/
The court ruled superiorly to the lower tribunals on matters of constitutional law.
Used primarily to describe hierarchical or positional superiority within legal contexts, often in relation to courts or authorities.
/ˌsuːpəˈlætɪv ˈædʒɪktɪv/
The statute imposes the severest penalties, using the superlative adjective 'maximum' to indicate the highest possible punishment.
In legal drafting, superlative adjectives must be used carefully to avoid ambiguity about limits or extremes in provisions.
/ˈsuːpərlətɪvz/
The contract included superlatives like 'best efforts' and 'utmost good faith' to stress the parties' obligations.
In legal drafting, superlatives should be used cautiously as they can sometimes lead to ambiguous or unenforceable obligations if not clearly defined.
/ˌsuːpərˈmɔːrdɪti/
The constitution requires a supermajority vote to amend its provisions.
Supermajority thresholds are often employed to ensure broader consensus on significant decisions, particularly constitutional amendments or major corporate resolutions.
/ˌsuːpərpəˈzɪʃən/
The court recognized the superposition of competing easements on the parcel.
The statute's superposition required compliance with both federal and state regulations.
In legal drafting, clarify whether superposition implies cumulative rights or overlapping claims to avoid ambiguity in contracts or property law.
/ˌsuːpərˈpraɪərɪti/
The lender obtained superpriority status, ensuring repayment before other creditors.
Superpriority often arises in secured lending contexts and must be clearly established in agreements to avoid disputes over repayment rank.
/ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/
The new contract supersedes all previous agreements between the parties.
Commonly used in legal drafting to clarify that a new instrument overrides earlier ones; ensure explicit reference to superseded documents to avoid ambiguity.
/ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/
The new statute supersedes the previous regulation on data privacy.
In legal drafting, "supersede" implies that the new instrument or rule completely displaces the old one, rather than merely modifying it.
/ˌsuːpərˈsiːdiˌæs/
The appellant requested a supersedeas to delay the judgment until the appellate court reviewed the case.
A supersedeas specifically halts enforcement of a judgment during appeal, differing from a general stay by its procedural use and effect.
/ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃən/
The court acknowledged the defendant’s superstition as part of the cultural context in the case.
In legal drafting, use 'superstition' carefully to distinguish cultural beliefs from legally recognized facts or evidence.
The manager supervises the compliance officers to ensure regulatory adherence.
As an inflected form of 'supervise,' 'supervis' is used primarily in third-person singular present tense contexts; consult 'supervise' for the full definition.
/ˈsuːpərˌvaɪz/
The court appointed a guardian to supervise the management of the minor's inheritance.
The agency supervises financial institutions to ensure adherence to regulatory standards.
In legal contexts, 'supervise' often implies an authoritative function with responsibility for ensuring lawful or contractual compliance, distinct from mere observation.
/ˈsuːpərˌvaɪzd rɪˈliːs/
The defendant was sentenced to five years of supervised release after serving ten years in prison.
Supervised release differs from parole in that it is typically imposed at sentencing to follow imprisonment, whereas parole is granted during imprisonment as a conditional early release.
/ˈsuːpərˌvaɪzd ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃən/
The court mandated supervised visitation to protect the child's welfare during visits.
Used primarily in family law to balance parental contact and child safety; drafting should specify supervisor's role and visitation conditions.
/ˌsuːpərˈvɪʒən/
The agency exercises supervision over financial institutions to ensure compliance with the law.
The court granted supervision of the minor's estate to a fiduciary.
Supervision in legal contexts often implies an authoritative scope of control or oversight, distinct from informal observation; drafting should clarify the supervisory authority and limits.
/sʊˈpɜːrvɪzər/
The supervisor reviewed the employee's performance for compliance with workplace regulations.
The court supervisor scheduled all hearings for the upcoming month.
In legal contexts, distinction between a general workplace supervisor and a formal legal or procedural supervisor is important for clarity in contracts and liability discussions.
/ˌsuːpərˈvaɪzəri əˈθɒrɪti/
The supervisory authority imposed new regulations on financial institutions to prevent fraud.
The supervisory authority investigated the data breach reported by the affected individuals.
The term typically refers to government or statutory bodies with enforcement powers; context clarifies whether focus is on general regulatory oversight or specific fields like data protection.
/ˌsuːpərˈvaɪzəri bɔːrd/
The supervisory board reviewed the company's financial reports to ensure legal compliance.
In jurisdictions with a two-tier board system, the supervisory board operates separately from management, focusing on oversight rather than daily operations.
/ˌsuːpərˈvaɪzəri laɪəˈbɪləti/
The manager faced supervisory liability for the harassment committed by her team members.
Supervisory liability often requires proof of actual or constructive knowledge and a failure to act, distinguishing it from direct liability.
/ˌsuːpɚˈvaɪzəri rɪˈvjuː/
The bank underwent a supervisory review to ensure its adherence to financial regulations.
Typically used in financial and regulatory contexts to describe evaluation by a supervisory body; important to differentiate from internal reviews conducted within an institution.
/ˈsʌplɪmənt/
The parties agreed to file a supplement to the original contract outlining additional terms.
The plaintiff sought a supplement to the initial damages awarded by the court.
In legal drafting, supplements often serve to update or clarify existing documents without altering their fundamental terms.
/sʌplɪˈmɛntl/
The plaintiff submitted a supplemental brief addressing new evidence.
In legal drafting, 'supplemental' often qualifies documents or pleadings that add to or clarify prior submissions, emphasizing their auxiliary nature.
/ˌsʌplɪˈmɛntl əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃən/
The legislature approved a supplemental appropriation to cover unexpected disaster relief costs.
Supplemental appropriations typically occur after the original budget is enacted to address unanticipated needs and require legislative approval.
/ˌsʌplɪˈmɛntəl dʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃən/
The federal court exercised supplemental jurisdiction to hear the state law claims arising from the same case.
Supplemental jurisdiction often arises under 28 U.S.C. § 1367; drafters should ensure claims share a common nucleus of operative fact to qualify.
/ˌsʌplɪˈmɛntəl nuːˈtrɪʃən əˈsɪstəns ˈproʊɡræm/
Eligible families received benefits through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program to help cover grocery costs.
Often abbreviated as SNAP; its legal framework is established in the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 and its amendments.
/ˌsʌpləˈmɛntəl sɪˈkjʊərəti ˈɪnkʌm/
She applied for Supplemental Security Income to help cover her living expenses due to disability.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is means-tested and distinct from Social Security Retirement benefits; legal definitions often emphasize eligibility criteria and federal-state administration nuances.
/ˌsʌplɪˈmɛntəl taɪp sərˈtɪfɪkət/
The company obtained a supplemental type certificate to install new avionics in the aircraft model.
Commonly abbreviated as STC; crucial for legal compliance in aviation modifications.
/ˌsʌplɪˈmɛntri/
The lawyer submitted a supplementary agreement to address the overlooked clauses.
The court allowed supplementary evidence to be introduced during the trial.
Often used to indicate documents or materials that augment primary legal texts without replacing them; drafting should clarify the relationship between the core and supplementary parts.
/ˌsʌplɪˈmɛntri əˈɡriːmənt/
The parties signed a supplementary agreement to extend the project deadlines.
Supplementary agreements are used to adjust existing contracts without creating an entirely new agreement, requiring clear reference to the original contract for enforceability.
/ˌsʌplɪˈmɛntri ˈbʌdʒɪt/
The government passed a supplementary budget to cover emergency disaster relief costs.
Supplementary budgets are typically used to ensure legal authorization for spending beyond the initial fiscal plan, often requiring legislative approval to maintain budgetary control.
/ˈsʌplɪkeɪt/
The petitioner supplicated the court for leniency in sentencing.
Used chiefly in formal legal contexts where a party makes a humble or earnest request; typically involves written or oral petitions before courts or authorities.
/səˈplaɪd/
The defendant supplied all the necessary documents during discovery.
'Supplied' is primarily a past tense or past participle form; refer to 'supply' for substantive definitions related to contract or legal obligation.
/ˈsʌplɪər/
The supplier delivered the components on time as specified in the contract.
The supplier was held liable for defective products under warranty laws.
In legal drafting, distinguishing a supplier’s contractual obligations from those of vendors or manufacturers can clarify liability and compliance expectations.
/ˈsʌp.laɪ.ər əˈɡriː.mənt/
The supplier agreement outlined delivery schedules and payment terms.
Ensure clarity on scope, delivery, warranties, and termination rights to reduce disputes.
/ˈsəˌplaɪər rɪsk ˈmænɪdʒmənt/
Effective supplier risk management is crucial to avoid breaches of contract and regulatory penalties.
Often incorporated into procurement and contract management frameworks; clear allocation of responsibility and documented risk assessments are key drafting considerations.
/ˈsʌplʌɪz/
The company delivered the supplies as stipulated in the contract.
She supplies legal documents to the firm on a regular basis.
As a noun, 'supplies' usually denotes materials or goods, often in contract contexts; as a verb, it is the third-person singular present form of 'supply', so definitions differ by part of speech.
/səˈplaɪ/
The supplier fulfilled the contract by ensuring the timely supply of materials.
The company agreed to supply the necessary documents for the audit.
In legal drafting, clarity about what is being 'supplied'—whether goods, services, or funds—is essential to avoid disputes.
/ˈsəˌplaɪ əˈgriːmənt/
The company signed a supply agreement to receive raw materials for production.
Supply agreements commonly specify quantity, quality, delivery schedules, and pricing, and are vital in securing consistent goods flow in commercial transactions.
/ˈsʌplɪ ænd dɪˈmænd/
The contract's terms were influenced by the fluctuating supply and demand in the market.
In legal contexts, understanding supply and demand aids in interpreting contract terms and antitrust regulations.
/ˈsʌplɪ baɪl/
The government introduced a supply bill to secure funds until the new budget is approved.
Often used in parliamentary contexts to temporarily authorize government spending; clarity on the distinction from full budget bills enhances legislative drafting and understanding.
/ˈsʌplɪ tʃeɪn/
The company audited its supply chain to ensure compliance with labor laws.
In legal contexts, supply chain analysis often involves contract law, regulatory compliance, and risk management, especially regarding cross-border transactions and liability.
/ˈsʌplaɪ tʃeɪn əˈɡriːmənt/
The supply chain agreement stipulated delivery timelines and quality standards for all suppliers involved.
Supply chain agreements often specify responsibilities, risk allocation, and compliance standards, which are crucial for mitigating disruptions and ensuring accountability across multiple parties.
/ˈsəplaɪ tʃeɪn ˈkɒntrækt/
The company entered into a supply chain contract to secure timely delivery of raw materials.
Supply chain contracts often integrate clauses on risk allocation, delivery schedules, and compliance with regulatory standards, reflecting complex commercial relationships.
/ˈsəplaɪ tʃeɪn djuː ˈdɪlɪdʒəns/
Companies implement supply chain due diligence to ensure compliance with international labor laws.
Primarily used in corporate and international law contexts; involves continuous monitoring and remediation measures in contracts and operations.
/ˈsəplaɪ tʃeɪn laɪəˈbɪlɪti/
The manufacturer faced supply chain liability for the defective components supplied by a subcontractor.
The company expanded its policies to address supply chain liability related to human rights violations.
Supply chain liability often requires careful contract drafting and due diligence to allocate risk among parties involved in complex multi-tiered distribution or manufacturing relationships.
/ˈsəplaɪ tʃeɪn ˈmænɪdʒmənt/
Effective supply chain management ensures adherence to trade laws and reduces liability risks.
In legal drafting, precise terms related to contractual obligations and regulatory compliance within supply chains enhance enforceability and risk management.
/ˈsəplaɪ tʃeɪn rɪsk/
The company conducted a thorough assessment of supply chain risk to mitigate regulatory penalties.
Legal assessments of supply chain risk often focus on contractual obligations, regulatory compliance, and liability arising from disruptions affecting product delivery or quality.
/səˈpɔːrt/
The court ordered him to pay monthly child support.
The evidence supports the plaintiff's allegations.
The attorney cited supporting statutes as support for her motion.
In legal drafting, distinguish between 'support' as tangible assistance (often financial) and its use as a verb meaning to uphold or justify a claim.
/ˈsʌpɔːrt əˈɡriːmənt/
The software vendor and client signed a support agreement to ensure timely updates and troubleshooting.
The support agreement detailed the monthly payments one party would provide to the other.
Support agreements often specify scope, duration, and response times; clarity reduces disputes over service obligations.
/səˈpɔːrt ˌɑblɪˈgeɪʃən/
The court determined his support obligation for his children.
Her support obligation under the divorce decree required monthly payments.
Support obligations commonly arise in family law and require precise delineation in legal documents to specify amount, duration, and scope.
/ˈsʌpɔːrt ˈɔrdər/
The court issued a support order mandating monthly child support payments.
Support orders are usually issued in family law contexts and specify the amount, duration, and conditions of the support payments.
/ˈsʌpɔrt tɛst/
The court applied the support test to evaluate the sufficiency of the evidence presented.
The judge used the support test to decide the appropriate child support amount.
The support test varies by context; in evidentiary matters, it gauges evidence sufficiency, while in family law, it relates to financial support adequacy.
/səˈpɔːrtər/
The defendant's supporters attended the trial to show solidarity.
The campaign reported its major supporters in the financial statements.
In legal texts, 'supporter' commonly denotes a non-neutral party providing aid or advocacy and may imply interests or liabilities; distinguishing from formal representatives or legal counsel is important.
/ˈsʌpɔːrtɪŋ ˈdɒkjʊmənt/
The plaintiff included several supporting documents with the complaint to strengthen the case.
Supporting documents often accompany pleadings or applications to verify claims; drafters should clearly label and reference them within the main text to ensure admissibility and clarity.
/ˈsʌpɔːrtɪŋ ˈɛvɪdəns/
The attorney submitted supporting evidence to establish her client's alibi.
Supporting evidence is crucial for substantiating claims and is often required to meet evidentiary standards; it must be relevant and admissible to effectively aid a party's position.
/ˈsʌpɔːrtɪŋ ˈpɑːrtiz/
The supporting parties submitted affidavits to corroborate the plaintiff’s claims.
Supporting parties typically do not have independent claims but provide procedural or evidentiary support within litigation.
/səˈpɔːrtɪv/
The witness gave supportive testimony that strengthened the plaintiff's case.
The term 'supportive' is often used to describe the nature of evidence or arguments that reinforce a party's position, emphasizing cooperation or reinforcement rather than opposition.
/ˈsʌpɔːrtɪv ˈhaʊzɪŋ/
The city invested in supportive housing to help formerly homeless individuals maintain stable living conditions while accessing care.
Supportive housing combines residential accommodation with social services; legal frameworks often address funding, eligibility, and tenant rights distinct from typical housing law.
/səˈprɛs/
The court decided to suppress the evidence obtained without a warrant.
The government attempted to suppress the protesters' freedom of speech.
In legal contexts, 'suppress' often involves judicial decisions restricting evidence or speech; precise drafting is essential to clarify the scope and authority of suppression.
/səˈprɛʃən/
The suppression of the defendant's confession was granted due to improper police conduct.
The suppression of the protest was ordered by the court to maintain public order.
Suppression often refers to court orders excluding evidence obtained unlawfully; drafter should distinguish this from evidence exclusion generally.
/ˈsʌprɛʃən ˈɔrdər/
The judge issued a suppression order to prevent the release of sensitive witness testimony.
The media complied with the suppression order and refrained from publishing details about the case.
Suppression orders function primarily to balance interests of justice, privacy, and public information; drafters should specify scope and duration clearly to avoid ambiguity.
/ˌsuːprəˈnæʃənəl/
The European Union is a supranational entity that exercises powers beyond those of individual member states.
Used to describe institutions or laws that operate above the national level, often requiring member states to cede some degree of sovereignty.
/ˌsuːprəˈnæʃənəl lɔː/
The European Union's legal system is an example of supranational law in action.
Supranational law uniquely binds member states beyond traditional international agreements, often requiring harmonization of national laws.
/ˌsuːprənæʃəˈnæl ˈlɛdʒɪsleɪtʃər/
The European Parliament is a prominent example of a supranational legislature, enacting legislation for EU member countries.
When drafting, clarify the legal scope and authority of the supranational legislature, as its competence often depends on the founding treaty and member states’ consent.
/ˌsuːprəˈnæʃənəl ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/
The European Union is a prominent example of a supranational organization with legislative authority affecting member states.
Use 'supranational organization' specifically for bodies with authority superseding national law, distinct from mere international cooperation.
/ˌsuːprəˈnæʃənəl ˈpɑːrləmənt/
The supranational parliament debated regulations applicable across all member states.
While often theoretical, supranational parliaments play a key role in discussions on regional integration and the delegation of national sovereignty to multinational bodies.
/ˌsuːprəˈnæʃənəli/
The treaty was drafted supranationally to ensure compliance beyond individual states.
Used to describe actions, principles, or legal frameworks that transcend national jurisdictions, often in contexts of international law and governance.
/suːˈprɛməˌsɪst/
The court examined whether the defendant's supremacist ideology incited violence against minority groups.
In legal contexts, ‘supremacist’ often arises in cases involving hate crimes, discrimination statutes, or civil rights violations, highlighting the importance of distinguishing protected speech from unlawful conduct.
/səˈprɛməsi/
The supremacy of federal law over state statutes is established by the Constitution.
The supremacy clause ensures that federal laws override conflicting state laws.
In legal drafting, clarity is essential when referring to supremacy to distinguish whether it addresses authority generally or the specific constitutional doctrine.
/ˈsuːprəməsi klɔːz/
The Supremacy Clause ensures federal laws take precedence over state laws in case of conflict.
Typically cited as Article VI, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution, the Supremacy Clause is a foundational principle in federal constitutional law ensuring legal uniformity and resolving jurisdictional conflicts.
/suːˈpriːm/
The Supreme Court has the final say on constitutional matters.
In legal contexts, 'supreme' typically qualifies courts or authorities with ultimate power; clarity is essential to avoid ambiguity with ordinary usage.
/suːˈpriːm əˈθɒrɪti/
The constitution vests supreme authority in the federal government.
Sovereignty entails supreme authority over a nation's internal affairs.
Supreme authority often implies final decision-making power in legal and governmental contexts; drafting should clarify the scope and limits of such authority.
/ˈsuːpriːm kɔːrt/
The Supreme Court ruled that the law was unconstitutional.
Cases of great public importance are often escalated to the Supreme Court.
The term 'Supreme Court' usually refers to the highest court in a given country or state; drafting should clarify jurisdiction and authority to avoid ambiguity.
/suːˈpriːm kɔːrt ɔːˈθɒrɪti/
The Supreme Court authority was pivotal in determining the constitutionality of the statute.
This term specifically denotes the institutional power of the highest court; it is crucial in constitutional law and often invoked in discussions of judicial supremacy.
/ˈsɜr.tʃɑrdʒ/
The utility bill included a surcharge for late payment.
The court surcharged the trustee for mismanagement of funds.
In legal drafting, clearly specify the basis and conditions for a surcharge to avoid disputes over its applicability or calculation.
/ˈʃʊrɪti/
The surety pledged to cover the debt if the principal defaulted.
The lender required surety to protect against potential losses.
The term surety commonly refers both to the individual who provides the guarantee and to the assurance or collateral itself; context clarifies the intended sense.
/ˈʃʊrɪti bɒnd/
The contractor obtained a surety bond to guarantee completion of the project.
Often used in construction and commercial transactions, surety bonds involve three parties and differ from insurance by focusing on guaranteeing performance rather than risk pooling.
/ˈʃʊərtiʃɪp/
The suretyship agreement guaranteed payment of the debt if the borrower defaulted.
Suretyship involves a tripartite contractual relationship distinct from simple guarantees, often requiring the surety’s explicit consent and separate liability.
/ˈsɜːrfɪs/
The easement granted access only to the surface of the land, not the subsurface minerals.
New evidence surfaced during the trial, changing the course of the proceedings.
In legal contexts, 'surface' typically distinguishes rights and interests in the land's exterior layer from subsurface rights; precision is important to avoid ambiguity in conveyancing.
/ˈsɜːrfɪs ˈfɪnɪʃ/
The contract required a specific surface finish to ensure proper adhesion of the coating.
In legal contexts, surface finish often appears in contracts and technical specs, where clarity on finish standards can affect warranty and liability claims.
/ˈsɜːrfɪs ˈtɛkstʃər/
The contract specified the acceptable surface texture to ensure product safety and performance.
Surface texture is often a critical factor in specifications and patents, requiring precise description to avoid disputes over quality or infringement.
/ˈsɜːrfɪs ˈwɔːtər/
The allocation of surface water among farmers is governed by state water laws.
In legal contexts, 'surface water' often triggers distinct regulatory treatment compared to groundwater; clarity in drafting is essential to specify the water source referenced in water use or environmental laws.
/ˈsɜːr.neɪm/
The witness was asked to state her surname for identification.
In legal documents, the surname is critical for establishing identity and family relationships, often paired with given names.
/ˈsɜːrplʌs/
The court ordered the distribution of the surplus assets to creditors after debts were paid.
The company recorded surplus funds at the end of the fiscal year.
In legal drafting, clarify whether surplus refers to funds, assets, or quantities to avoid ambiguity, especially in bankruptcy or trust contexts.
/ˈsɜːrplʌs ˈbʌdʒɪt/
The council approved a surplus budget this year, allowing for additional public investments.
In legal drafting related to public finance, clearly distinguishing a surplus budget from a deficit budget is critical for accurate fiscal analysis and regulatory compliance.
/ˌsʌrɪˈbʌtəl/
The attorney submitted a surrebuttal to address the new claims made in the defendant's rebuttal.
A surrebuttal follows a rebuttal in the sequence of pleadings and is typically used to respond specifically to issues newly raised.
/səˈrɛn.dər/
The fugitive made a surrender to law enforcement to avoid prosecution.
The defendant agreed to surrender the seized assets to the authorities.
Surrender in legal documents should specify the scope and conditions explicitly to avoid ambiguity about rights and obligations transferred.
/ˈsɜːrəndər ʧɑːrdʒ/
The policyholder incurred a surrender charge when cashing out the life insurance policy early.
Typically applies to life insurance and annuity contracts; understanding the timing and amount of the charge is crucial for policyholders considering early termination.
/ˈsʌrɪndər ˈvæljuː/
The surrender value of her life insurance policy was less than the total premiums paid due to early cancellation.
Surrender value is primarily used in insurance contexts and differs from the total premiums paid by considering fees and penalties for early withdrawal or cancellation.
/səˈrɒɡəsi/
The couple entered into a surrogacy agreement to have a child.
Surrogacy laws vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Surrogacy involves complex legal issues including parentage and contracts; clear agreements are essential to define the rights and duties of all parties involved.
/səˈrɒɡɪt dɪˈsɪʒən ˈmeɪkər/
The court appointed her as the surrogate decision-maker for the incapacitated patient.
The surrogate decision-maker must follow the patient's known wishes when consenting to treatment.
The term commonly arises in contexts involving medical ethics and elder law; clarity about the surrogate's authority and scope is essential in legal documents.
/sɚˈveɪ.ləns/
The government increased surveillance in public areas to deter criminal activity.
In legal contexts, surveillance often intersects with privacy rights and requires balancing security interests with civil liberties.
/ˈsɜːrvɪləns dɪˌvaɪs/
The police obtained a warrant to install a surveillance device in the suspect's vehicle.
Surveillance devices often require legal authorization such as a warrant to ensure compliance with privacy laws and admissibility of evidence.
/sɜːrˈveɪləns lɔː/
Surveillance law dictates the legal boundaries for government agencies when conducting electronic eavesdropping.
Modern surveillance law balances security interests with citizens' privacy protections.
Surveillance law often intersects with privacy rights and national security concerns; careful drafting ensures clear authorization and limits on surveillance powers.
/ˈsɜːr.vɪ.ləns ˈɔːr.dər/
The police obtained a surveillance order to monitor the suspect's activities legally.
Surveillance orders require particularity and judicial oversight to balance investigative needs against privacy rights.
/ˈsɜːr.veɪ.ləns rɪˈpɔːrt/
The detective submitted the surveillance report to the court as evidence.
The company filed a monthly surveillance report to demonstrate adherence to environmental regulations.
In legal contexts, surveillance reports must be clear, factual, and objective to maintain evidentiary value.
/sər-ˈveɪ-ləns ˈwɔːrənt/
The police obtained a surveillance warrant before installing the tracking device on the suspect's vehicle.
Surveillance warrants require specific, articulable facts supporting probable cause and must comply with constitutional protections against unreasonable searches and seizures.
/ˈsɜːrveɪ/
The survey confirmed the exact dimensions of the property for the deed.
The court relied on the survey data to determine the public opinion on the zoning change.
They hired a professional to survey the lot before construction began.
The firm surveyed witnesses to gather evidence for the case.
In legal contexts, survey primarily involves land boundary measurement, but can also refer to formal data collection for evidence; drafting should clarify context to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsɜːrveɪ laɪn/
The dispute centered on whether the survey line accurately reflected the property boundary.
Survey lines are fundamental in property law for delineating ownership; precision in their description is crucial to avoid boundary disputes.
/ˈsɜːr.veɪ ˈsæm.pəl.ɪŋ/
The court accepted the survey sampling evidence to assess the prevalence of discrimination.
Survey sampling is crucial in legal disputes involving class actions or compliance assessments, where representative data collection must withstand judicial scrutiny.
/ˈsɜːrveɪər/
The surveyor certified the exact boundaries of the property before the sale.
The tax surveyor inspected the estate to determine its taxable value.
In legal contexts, precise use of 'surveyor' typically relates to its role in boundary establishment and property description, which are critical for land ownership and conveyancing.
/ˈsɜːrveɪər ˈdʒɛnərəl/
The Surveyor General approved the new boundary lines for the property.
The title 'Surveyor General' often denotes an official with statutory authority over land surveying matters, important for property law and land administration.
/ˈsɜrvəvəl klɔz/
The survival clause ensured confidentiality obligations persisted post-termination.
Survival clauses are crucial to maintain certain obligations beyond the contract's life and should be drafted clearly to avoid ambiguity.
/sərˈvaɪvər ˈbɛnəfɪt/
The widow received a survivor benefit from her late husband's retirement plan.
Survivor benefits often arise in contexts of employee benefits and social security; precision in eligibility and duration terms is crucial in drafting.
/sərˈvʌɪvərʃɪp/
Under survivorship, the property automatically passes to the surviving joint tenant without probate.
The trust's survivorship clause grants the assets to the beneficiary who outlives the other.
The term is key in property and estate law to clarify ownership transfer after death; drafters should specify survivorship rights to avoid unintended probate.
/sər-ˈvīv-ər-ˌship ˈbī-əs/
The court cautioned against survivorship bias when evaluating precedent that only considers cases with favorable outcomes.
Survivorship bias is important in legal analysis to avoid faulty conclusions based solely on successful cases or entities, thereby ensuring comprehensive evaluation of all relevant data.
/ˈsɜːrvɪvərʃɪp klɔːz/
The survivorship clause ensured the property passed directly to the surviving joint tenant upon death.
Commonly used in joint tenancy and estate contexts to avoid probate and ensure automatic transfer upon death.
/ˈsʌsˌpɛkt/
The police took the suspect into custody for questioning.
The suspect behavior of the witness raised doubts about their testimony.
In legal contexts, 'suspect' primarily functions as a noun denoting an individual under suspicion in a criminal matter, but it can also be adjectival to describe something or someone considered questionable. Identifying a suspect does not imply guilt but initiates investigative or procedural steps.
/səˈspɛnd/
The court decided to suspend the license pending further investigation.
The employee was suspended for violating company policy.
The parties agreed to suspend the contract until conditions improved.
In legal drafting, specifying the term and duration of suspension is crucial to avoid ambiguity regarding the rights and obligations during the suspension period.
/səˈspɛndɪd ˈsɛntəns/
The judge gave him a suspended sentence, allowing him to avoid prison if he complied with probation terms.
A suspended sentence allows courts to enforce punishment only if the defendant violates specified conditions, balancing punishment with rehabilitation.
/səˈspɛnʃən/
The court ordered the suspension of the defendant's license pending investigation.
The judge granted a suspension of the trial to allow new evidence to be reviewed.
The suspension of the contract was agreed upon due to unforeseen circumstances.
Suspension typically implies a temporary measure distinct from permanent termination or revocation; clarity in drafting should specify duration and conditions for reinstatement.
/səˈspɛnʃən ʌv ˈheɪbiəs ˈkɔːrpəs/
The government declared a suspension of habeas corpus during the rebellion to maintain order.
The suspension is typically permitted only under extraordinary circumstances such as invasion or rebellion, and is often subject to strict constitutional limits.
/səˈspɛnʃən ʌv lɔː ˈlaɪsəns/
The state bar imposed a suspension of law license on the attorney for unethical behavior.
Suspension of a law license typically differs from disbarment in duration and consequences; drafters should distinguish temporary suspension terms from permanent revocation.
/səˈspɛnʃən ʌv prəˈsiːdɪŋz/
The judge granted a suspension of proceedings to allow both parties to negotiate a settlement.
Suspension of proceedings was necessary due to the unavailability of a key witness.
Typically used to pause legal actions temporarily without dismissing the case; distinct from dismissal or final judgment.
/səˈspɛnʃən əv ˌrɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃən/
The agency issued a suspension of registration due to the company's failure to meet safety standards.
The court ordered a suspension of registration for the attorney following allegations of misconduct.
Typically used in regulatory contexts, this term implies a temporary rather than permanent removal of registration status; clear distinction from revocation is important in drafting.
/ˈsʌspɛnʃən ˈɔrdər/
The court issued a suspension order to pause enforcement of the new regulation pending review.
The licensing authority issued a suspension order against the company for regulatory violations.
Often used to temporarily halt actions without final judgment; should specify scope and duration clearly in drafting.
/səˈspɛn.sɪv kənˈdɪʃ.ən/
The contract will become effective upon a suspensive condition that the buyer obtains financing.
Suspensive conditions delay contract enforceability until a specified event occurs, distinguishing them from resolutive conditions that terminate obligations upon occurrence.
/səˈspɪʃən/
The officer had suspicion that the defendant was involved in the theft.
The judge noted the suspicion surrounding the witness's testimony.
In legal contexts, 'suspicion' is often the threshold for investigative actions but generally lower than 'probable cause.' Draft carefully to distinguish between mere suspicion and legally sufficient evidence.
/səˈspɪʃəs ˈæktɪvɪti rɪˈpɔrt/
The bank filed a suspicious activity report after detecting an unusual transaction.
Often mandated by national regulations, SARs play a crucial role in detecting and preventing financial crimes, and must be filed promptly and accurately to comply with statutory obligations.
/səˈsteɪn/
The judge sustained the objection raised by the defense attorney.
The plaintiff must sustain the burden of proof to win the case.
Commonly used in courtroom procedure, 'sustain' indicates judicial approval of objections or claims; drafters should distinguish it from 'overrule' to avoid ambiguity.
/səsˌteɪnəˈbɪləti/
The company's sustainability policies ensure long-term environmental compliance and social responsibility.
Sustainability has become a key consideration in drafting urban planning regulations.
Sustainability is often used in legal contexts to balance environmental, social, and economic concerns; definitions focus on its application in law and policy rather than general usage.
/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti kəmˈplaɪəns/
The company enhanced its sustainability compliance to meet new environmental reporting requirements.
Sustainability compliance requires regular audits of environmental impact and labor practices.
Term is typically used in regulatory and corporate governance contexts emphasizing legal adherence to sustainability standards.
/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti lɔː/
Sustainability law guides companies to reduce environmental impact while ensuring long-term resource availability.
Many countries have incorporated sustainability law into their national legal frameworks to address climate change.
Sustainability law is an interdisciplinary and evolving field integrating traditional legal principles with emerging challenges related to environmental and social sustainability.
/ˌsʌsteɪnəˈbɪləti ˈpɒlɪsi/
The company updated its sustainability policy to align with new environmental regulations.
Typically incorporated into corporate governance documents, sustainability policies balance regulatory compliance with voluntary commitments to ethical and environmental standards.
/ˌsʌsteɪnəˈbɪləti ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
The new sustainability regulation requires companies to disclose their environmental impact reports.
Sustainability regulations are increasingly incorporated into urban planning codes to ensure long-term ecological balance.
Sustainability regulation often intersects with environmental law and corporate governance; drafters should clearly specify scope and obligations to avoid ambiguity regarding compliance standards.
/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ/
The company published its annual sustainability reporting to comply with new state regulations.
Sustainability reporting is increasingly mandated by law in many jurisdictions, requiring precise adherence to defined frameworks; drafters should ensure clarity between voluntary disclosures and legally mandated reports.
/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti ˈstætʃuːts/
The state passed new sustainability statutes to reduce carbon emissions over the next decade.
Sustainability statutes often integrate environmental, economic, and social objectives and can vary widely by jurisdiction. Drafting should clarify scope and enforcement to avoid ambiguity.
/səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈvɛləpmənt/
The treaty promotes sustainable development as a framework for environmental governance.
Often invoked in legal contexts involving environmental treaties, planning regulations, and corporate governance to integrate multidimensional goals and comply with international standards.
/ˌsʌstainəbl dɪˈvɛləpmənt əˈɡriːmənt/
The Sustainable Development Agreement between the government and corporations outlined targets for reducing carbon emissions.
Often incorporated into broader treaties, these agreements require clear, measurable commitments to balance multiple sustainability goals.
/ˌsʌsteɪnəbl dɪˈvɛləpmənt lɔː/
Sustainable development law guides governments in creating regulations that promote environmental health alongside economic growth.
Focuses on integrating diverse legal fields to support sustainable outcomes; drafters should consider the interplay between environmental, economic, and social regulations.
/ˌsʌsteɪnəbl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈmɛkənɪzəm/
The Clean Development Mechanism is one type of sustainable development mechanism used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Typically referenced in the context of international climate change law, sustainable development mechanisms balance environmental goals with socio-economic development, requiring precise legal drafting to ensure compliance and verification.
/ˈsʌstənəbəl fəˈnæns/
The company adopted sustainable finance principles to attract socially responsible investors.
New laws have been introduced to enhance sustainable finance disclosure requirements for issuers.
Sustainable finance spans both market practices and regulatory regimes; clear drafting should specify the context (e.g., investment standards vs. compliance requirements).
/səˈsteɪnəbl ɪnˈvɛstɪŋ/
The company adopted sustainable investing strategies to align its portfolio with global climate goals.
Sustainable investing is commonly used in legal contexts relating to fiduciary duties and disclosure requirements; clear integration of ESG factors can affect compliance and risk management.
/ˌsuːzəˈrɛnɪti/
The suzerainty of the empire allowed the vassal states to manage their own local laws while paying tribute.
Suzerainty denotes a specific form of overlordship distinct from full sovereignty, often used historically to describe imperial relationships with dependent states.
