Browse full definitions for every DU term in the Amicus glossary.
/ˈdjuːəl sɪtɪˌzɛnʃɪp/
She holds dual citizenship in Canada and France, allowing her to live and work in both countries.
Dual citizenship can affect legal rights such as voting, taxation, and military service, and may require careful consideration when drafting citizenship or immigration regulations.
/ˈduːəl ɛmˈplɔɪər/
The worker claimed benefits from both companies, asserting they were dual employers under labor law.
The concept of dual employer is important in labor and employment law because it can affect liability for wages, workplace safety, and employee benefits. Clarify shared control and direction to establish dual employer status.
/ˈduːəl ɛmˈplɔɪmənt/
The professor's dual employment at the university and a private company created concerns about bias.
Dual employment can affect workers' compensation claims and tax obligations.
Dual employment frequently requires careful contract drafting to clarify rights, duties, and avoid conflicts; it differs from moonlighting primarily in legal implications and employer awareness.
/ˈduː.əl ɪɡˈzɛk.juː.tɪv/
The dual executive system in France divides powers between the president and the prime minister.
The term highlights structural division of executive power; important to distinguish from unitary executive models in drafting constitutional or comparative government analyses.
/ˈduːəl ˈfedərəlɪzəm/
Dual federalism limits federal authority, reserving many powers to the states.
Dual federalism is often described as 'layer cake federalism' to emphasize the clear division between state and federal governments.
/ˈdjuːəl ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃən/
The lawyer declined the case due to concerns about dual representation.
Dual representation in related criminal matters can lead to ethical complications.
Dual representation raises significant ethical questions; attorneys must ensure informed consent and avoid conflicts to uphold professional responsibility.
/ˈduːəl-ˈjuːs tɛkˈnɒlədʒi/
Exports of dual-use technology require government authorization to prevent military proliferation.
Legal discussions often focus on export controls for dual-use technology to balance technological development with security concerns.
/djuːˈælɪti/
The duality of ownership and possession often complicates property disputes.
The duality of federal and state law requires careful legal navigation.
In legal drafting, clarity is needed to specify which aspect of duality is intended—ownership versus possession, or dual legal systems—because the term's application varies by context.
/ˈdʌtʃ.i/
The duchy was inherited by the duke upon the death of his father.
The term 'duchy' is primarily used to refer to a noble territorial entity; usage often appears in historical or constitutional contexts concerning monarchy and feudal land tenure.
/djuː/
The rent is due on the first of each month.
He failed to pay his dues to the trade union.
She received the compensation due to her after the injury.
In legal drafting, 'due' often modifies obligations or payments, emphasizing timeliness or correctness; clarity about what is 'due' avoids disputes over timing or amount.
/ˈduː keər/
The defendant failed to exercise due care, leading to the plaintiff’s injury.
Banks must exercise due care when handling customer transactions to prevent fraud.
Due care is a foundational concept in tort law, guiding liability assessments; it is crucial to distinguish it from gross negligence, which involves a higher degree of fault.
/ˈduː deɪt/
The tenant must pay rent by the due date specified in the lease agreement.
The plaintiff missed the due date for submitting evidence, resulting in exclusion of the documents.
Due date is critical in contract and procedural law to enforce timely performance and avoid legal consequences.
/ˈduː ˈdɪlɪdʒəns/
The buyer conducted due diligence before finalizing the merger.
Due diligence uncovered liabilities that affected the deal price.
Due diligence is often a contractual or statutory requirement; precise scope depends on context and jurisdiction.
/ˈduː ˈdɪlɪdʒəns ˈdɒkjʊmənts/
The buyer reviewed the due diligence documents before finalizing the merger.
Due diligence documents are central in transactional law, often comprising a wide range of evidentiary materials; careful organization and thoroughness in compiling these documents are critical for effective risk management.
/ˈduː ˈdɪlɪdʒəns ˈpɪəriəd/
The buyer conducted multiple inspections during the due diligence period before closing the sale.
Usually defined with clear start and end dates in contracts to allocate risk and opportunity to investigate before obligation becomes binding.
/ˌduː ˈdɪlɪdʒəns rɪˈpɔːrt/
The due diligence report revealed outstanding liabilities that affected the acquisition decision.
Due diligence reports vary by transaction type; precise scope and contents should be clearly defined in engagement terms to avoid liability.
/ˈduː ˈnoʊtɪs/
The landlord must provide due notice before terminating the lease.
Due notice of the meeting was sent to all shareholders as required by the bylaws.
Due notice implies both sufficiency in time and proper method; drafting should specify these criteria to avoid disputes regarding adequacy.
/ˈduː ˈprɑːsɛs/
The court ruled that the defendant was denied due process when he was not given a chance to present evidence.
Due process requires that the government follow established procedures before revoking a license.
Due process encompasses both procedural safeguards and substantive protections, and drafters should specify which aspect is implicated in context.
/ˈduː ˈprɑːsɛs kleɪm/
The plaintiff filed a due process claim after being denied a fair hearing.
Due process claims often require showing either procedural unfairness or arbitrary governmental action; drafting should specify which aspect is alleged.
/ˈduː ˈprɑːsɛs klɔːz/
The court held that the state violated the Due Process Clause by denying the defendant a fair trial.
The Due Process Clause is a fundamental protection against governmental abuse of power.
Often divided into substantive and procedural due process; drafters should specify which aspect is at issue for clarity.
/ˈduː ˈprɑːsɛs əv lɔː/
The court held that the defendant was denied due process of law when evidence was withheld.
Due process of law requires notice and an opportunity to be heard before any government action affecting rights is taken.
Due process serves as a safeguard from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property by the government, and is divided mainly into procedural and substantive aspects; drafters should specify which dimension is implicated to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈduː ˈprɑː.ses ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/
The court ruled that the police's warrantless search constituted a due process violation.
Often hinged on whether government action was fundamentally fair; careful drafting should specify which aspect of due process is alleged breached—procedural or substantive.
/ˌduː.ɒn.ɪnˈkʌm.brəns klɔːz/
The due-on-encumbrance clause enabled the bank to call the loan when the borrower took out a second mortgage.
This clause is primarily used by lenders to protect their security interest against third-party claims or transfers without consent.
/ˈduː ɒn seɪl klɔːz/
The due-on-sale clause was triggered when the homeowner transferred the deed to a family member.
Commonly included in mortgages to protect lenders by preventing assumption of the loan by unauthorized parties.
/ˈduː.əl/
The defendant was charged after engaging in an illegal duel with his rival.
Though largely obsolete and illegal, the concept of a duel retains historical significance in understanding the evolution of criminal law regarding assault and homicide.
/ˈdjuːz kəˈlɛkʃən/
The union's dues collection ensures funding for member representation.
Typically governed by statutes or agreements specifying methods and enforcement for periodic fee remittance.
/ˌdjuːˈaɪ/
He was arrested for a DUI after failing the breathalyzer test at the roadside checkpoint.
Commonly used interchangeably with 'DWI' though legal distinctions vary by jurisdiction.
/ˈdjuːk/
The duke presided over his estates with considerable political influence.
The duke exercised autonomous authority within his duchy.
In legal contexts, 'duke' primarily refers to a hereditary title of nobility, often associated with specific legal privileges, estates, or parliamentary rights in peerage law.
/dʌmp/
The company was fined for illegal waste disposal at an unpermitted dump.
The firm dumped hazardous chemicals in the river, violating environmental regulations.
The client dumped the service provider without prior notice, breaching the contract.
In legal contexts, 'dump' often implies environmental regulatory concerns or contract termination; precise usage depends on context.
/ˈdʌmpstər ˈdaɪvɪŋ/
The defendant was charged after engaging in dumpster diving and retrieving confidential documents.
Dumpster diving implicates issues of ownership and privacy; legal risks arise particularly when entering private property or handling protected information.
/ˈduːp/
The plaintiff proved he was a dupe of the fraudulent scheme.
The scam artist duped investors into signing false contracts.
Commonly used in legal contexts to describe victims or actions involving deception; careful drafting should specify the nature of the dupe relationship to clarify liability.
/ˈduːplɪkət/
The court required a duplicate of the contract for its records.
The lawyer submitted duplicate files to the opposing counsel.
The clerk duplicated the signed agreement for both parties.
In legal drafting, differentiate 'duplicate' from similar terms like 'copy' by emphasizing its use for official or exact copies; the term can function as noun, adjective, or verb depending on context.
/ˌduːplɪˈkeɪʃən/
The duplication of the contract was necessary for all parties involved.
The court dismissed the case due to duplication of claims.
In legal drafting, duplication is distinct from mere copying as it may imply issues around evidence authenticity or claims redundancy.
/ˈdʊr.ə.bəl/
A durable power of attorney remains valid even if the principal becomes incapacitated.
In legal drafting, durability often implies continuity and enforceability of rights or obligations despite intervening events, such as incapacity or termination of related conditions.
/ˈdjʊrəbl ɡʊdz/
The contract specified the terms for the sale of durable goods such as machinery and vehicles.
In legal contexts, durable goods are distinguished from consumable goods because their longer useful life affects contract terms and protections under sales law.
/ˈdjʊərəbl ˈpaʊər ʌv əˈtɜːrni/
She executed a durable power of attorney to ensure her financial affairs would be managed if she became incapacitated.
Durability distinguishes it from a general power of attorney by remaining effective upon incapacity of the principal.
/ˈdʊərəbl ˈpaʊər ʌv əˈtɜːrni fər ˈhɛlθkɛər/
She executed a durable power of attorney for healthcare to ensure her medical wishes would be followed if she became incapacitated.
Durability distinguishes this power of attorney from non-durable forms by surviving the principal's incapacity, a critical factor in healthcare contexts.
/djuːˈreɪʃən/
The duration of the contract is five years.
The statute of limitations defines the duration for filing claims.
In legal drafting, specifying duration precisely is critical to avoid ambiguity regarding the temporal scope of rights and obligations.
/ˌdjuːˈreɪʃən əv ˈkɒpiraɪt/
The duration of copyright for an individual author generally lasts for the author's life plus 70 years.
Duration of copyright terms can vary by jurisdiction; drafters should specify the applicable law to avoid ambiguity.
/dʊˈrɛs/
The contract was voided due to duress exerted on one party.
The confession was excluded because it was made under duress.
In contract and criminal law, duress negates voluntary consent; precise identification of threats and their illegality is essential.
/ˈdjʊərɪŋ/
The contract remains valid during the term agreed upon.
Used to specify the temporal scope of rights, obligations, or events in legal texts.
/ˈduːtiz ænd ˈtærɪfs/
The company had to pay increased duties and tariffs on imported steel.
The contract enumerates the duties and tariffs the seller must observe regarding product quality.
The term combines fiscal levies on trade goods with broader legal obligations; context determines which sense applies.
/ˈduːtiz ʌv ˈlɔɪəlti/
Directors must adhere to their duties of loyalty when making corporate decisions.
The duties of loyalty are a core subset of fiduciary duties emphasizing the prohibition of personal gain at the expense of the principal.
/ˈduːti/
The defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff.
The company paid import duties on the shipment.
In legal contexts, "duty" often implies a binding responsibility that can give rise to liability if breached; distinctions between legal and moral duties are important in drafting and interpretation.
/ˈdjuːti dɪˈfɜːrmənt/
The importer applied for duty deferment to delay tax payment until the goods were sold.
Duty deferment is often governed by strict regulatory conditions to prevent abuse and ensure eventual compliance with tax obligations.
/ˈdjuːti dɪˌstrɪbjuˈʃən/
The duty distribution outlined in the partnership agreement clarified each partner's legal obligations.
In legal drafting, clearly specifying duty distribution helps prevent disputes by defining who is responsible for each obligation.
/ˈduːti ˈdrɔːbæk/
The company claimed a duty drawback after exporting the finished products that incorporated imported components.
Duty drawback provisions are designed to promote exports and prevent double taxation on goods; precise qualification criteria vary by jurisdiction.
/ˈdjuːti ɪgˈzɛmpʃən/
The import of medical equipment received a duty exemption under the new trade policy.
Duty exemptions are often narrowly tailored in legislation to promote trade, humanitarian aid, or specific industries, requiring precise statutory interpretation.
/ˈdjuːti ˈaʊərz/
The healthcare provider must adhere to duty hours set by the governing medical board.
Duty hours often appear in employment contracts and regulatory standards to limit work duration for safety and fairness.
/ˈdjuːti əv keər/
The defendant breached the duty of care by failing to maintain safe premises.
Duty of care typically arises in tort law to establish liability; clarity on the applicable standard of care is crucial in drafting and litigation.
/ˈduːti əv dɪsˈkloʊʒər/
The seller breached the duty of disclosure by hiding defects in the property.
Failure to fulfill the duty of disclosure can lead to policy avoidance by the insurer.
The duty of disclosure often varies by jurisdiction and context, especially between general contract law and insurance law; clarity in drafting the scope and timing of disclosures is essential.
/ˈdjuːti əv ɡʊd feɪθ/
The duty of good faith prevented the company from unfairly exploiting the contract loophole.
Often implied in contracts, this duty ensures parties do not act in a way that frustrates the contract's purpose, even where not explicitly stated.
/ˈduːti əv ˈlɔɪəlti/
Directors have a duty of loyalty to prioritize the corporation's interests over their own.
Breach of the duty of loyalty can lead to legal liability for damages caused by undisclosed conflicts.
The duty of loyalty is central in corporate and fiduciary law to ensure trust and prevent self-interest from undermining the principal's welfare.
/ˈduːti ʃɪft/
The nurse's duty shift was scheduled from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m., ensuring continuous patient care.
In legal contexts, 'duty shift' often involves regulations on working hours, rest periods, and employee rights; clear contract terms help prevent disputes.
/ˈdjuːti səˈspɛnʃən/
The government announced a duty suspension on steel imports to protect the local market.
A duty suspension may be granted during trade negotiations.
Duty suspension typically involves official administrative action and differs from permanent duty exemption; clear drafting should specify duration and conditions.
/ˈduːti tə ækt/
The firefighter has a duty to act when someone is in danger.
Failure to provide assistance to a victim may breach the duty to act.
The duty to act is distinct from a general moral obligation; in law, it arises only under specific statutory or relational conditions.
/ˈduːti tə əˈsɪst/
The veteran's duty to assist includes providing relevant military records to support the claim.
Commonly arises in administrative law and insurance contexts to ensure fair adjudication through proactive evidence gathering by the adjudicator or insurer.
/ˈduːti tə dɪsˈkloʊz/
The seller's duty to disclose defects in the property protects the buyer from hidden risks.
The trustee has a duty to disclose all conflicts of interest to the beneficiaries.
The duty to disclose varies by context, often hinging on materiality and the nature of the relationship; careful drafting should specify the scope and extent of disclosure required.
/ˈdjuːti tuː ɪnˈfɔːrm/
The agent breached the duty to inform when failing to disclose the known defects in the property.
Directors have a duty to inform shareholders of significant corporate developments.
The duty to inform often arises in fiduciary and contractual contexts and requires careful consideration of what constitutes 'material' information necessitating disclosure.
/ˈduːti tuː ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/
The plaintiff failed in their duty to mitigate damages by not seeking alternative employment after dismissal.
The duty to mitigate requires injured parties to act reasonably to limit losses; failure to do so can reduce recoverable damages.
/ˈdjuːti tuː nɒtɪˌfaɪ/
The duty to notify the tenant of lease violations is essential to enforce the contract.
The insurer breached its duty to notify the policyholder about the claim denial.
This term frequently arises in contract law, insurance law, and regulatory compliance; clarity in timing and method of notification is crucial for enforceability.
/ˈduːti tə rɪˈpɔːrt/
The company's duty to report financial irregularities is mandated by law.
Doctors have a duty to report suspected child abuse to the authorities.
The duty to report may vary substantially by jurisdiction and context; clear drafting should specify the scope, timing, and authority to whom reporting is due.
/ˈdjuːti tuː ˈrɛskjuː/
The court considered whether the defendant breached the duty to rescue in failing to aid the injured pedestrian.
The duty to rescue varies widely by jurisdiction and typically applies only when a special relationship exists or when the rescuer's intervention does not impose unreasonable risk.
/ˈduːti tə wɔːrn/
The company breached its duty to warn consumers about the defective product.
The therapist fulfilled the duty to warn when notifying authorities about the patient's violent threats.
The duty to warn often arises in tort law and professional ethics; precise scope varies by jurisdiction and context.
