Browse full definitions for every EX term in the Amicus glossary.
/ɛks/
The ex filed for custody of their children during the divorce proceedings.
The ex president attended the legal seminar as a guest speaker.
Commonly used in family law and legal references to past relationships or positions; typically appears with nouns such as spouse, partner, or title.
/ˌɛks ˈæntɛ əˈpruːvəl/
The project required ex ante approval from the regulatory board before proceeding.
Ex ante approval emphasizes preemptive authorization, contrasting with ex post facto approval which occurs after the fact.
/ˌɛks ˈlɛɡe/
The contract was null ex lege due to illegality.
An ex lege obligation requires compliance regardless of agreement.
Used to indicate that a legal consequence occurs automatically due to law, without the need for action by parties or courts.
/ˌɛks əˈfɪʃioʊ/
The board member serves ex officio without a separate vote.
The mayor is an ex officio member of the city planning committee.
Commonly used in organizational and procedural contexts to denote authority or membership automatically derived from holding a particular office.
/ˌɛks ˈpɑrteɪ/
The court granted an ex parte hearing to address the emergency injunction request.
The attorney filed an ex parte motion to expedite the case.
Ex parte proceedings are exceptional and generally require strict justification to protect due process, as they proceed without the opposing party’s participation or notice.
/ˌɛks pɒst ˈfækt.oʊ/
Ex post facto laws are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution.
The defendant challenged the statute as an ex post facto law.
Ex post facto primarily describes retroactive criminal legislation; it's crucial to distinguish it from retroactive civil laws, which are generally permissible.
/ɪks pɒst ˈfæk.toʊ lɔː/
The court struck down the statute as an unconstitutional ex post facto law.
Ex post facto laws are generally forbidden in criminal law to protect individuals from retrospective punishment; care is needed to distinguish this from permissible retroactive civil legislation.
/ˌeks ˈtɛmpɔːreɪ/
The judge ruled ex tempore, without a written opinion.
The lawyer gave an ex tempore argument during the hearing.
Typically used to describe judicial decisions or spoken remarks delivered spontaneously without prior notice or written statement.
/ɪɡˈzækt/
The contract requires exact compliance with all its clauses.
The court can exact penalties for breach of contract.
As an adjective, 'exact' emphasizes precision and strictness, often in contractual terms or standards. As a verb, 'to exact' involves legally demanding something, typically a penalty or payment, highlighting its enforcement aspect.
/ˈɛɡzækt ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/
The contract was drafted using exact language to avoid misunderstandings between the parties.
Exact language is essential in legal drafting to minimize disputes over interpretation; drafters should avoid vague or equivocal terms to ensure enforceability.
/[ɛg.za:kt]/
The contract requires the parties to provide exacte performance by the stipulated deadline.
In legal drafting, 'exacte' emphasizes strict adherence to terms or conditions, often to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪɡˈzæktnəs/
The exactness of the contract's language left no room for ambiguity.
In legal contexts, exactness in language reduces interpretative disputes; drafters should strive for clarity and precision to avoid unintended legal consequences.
/ɪɡˌzædʒəˈreɪʃən/
The witness's exaggeration of the events weakened the credibility of his testimony.
Exaggeration in legal contexts often impacts witness credibility and the assessment of evidence; drafters should distinguish it from intentional falsehoods or fraud.
/ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/
The attorney conducted a thorough examination of the witness during the trial.
The examination of the contract revealed several inconsistencies.
In legal drafting, distinguish between 'examination-in-chief' (direct questioning by the party who called the witness) and 'cross-examination' (questioning by the opposing party) to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
The examination regulation requires all candidates to present valid identification before entering the exam hall.
Examination regulations typically detail permitted materials, conduct during tests, and consequences for violations, serving as a crucial compliance document in educational institutions.
/ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən rɪˈpɔːrt/
The court reviewed the examination report before reaching its verdict.
The plaintiff submitted an examination report to support her claim of negligence.
Examination reports should be clear, precise, and impartial to withstand legal scrutiny; proper attribution to the examiner and methodology strengthens their evidentiary value.
/ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən ɪn ˈtʃiːf/
During the examination-in-chief, the lawyer asked the witness to describe what they saw at the scene.
Use non-leading questions during examination-in-chief to ensure admissibility and avoid objections.
/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/
The attorney will examine the witness during the trial.
The prosecutor examined the suspect to establish a timeline.
In legal drafting, 'examine' often implies both document review and oral questioning; clarity of context is key.
/ɪɡˈzæmɪnərʃɪp/
The company entered examinership to negotiate with creditors and continue operations.
Examinership is chiefly used in Irish law and is analogous to administration in other jurisdictions; precise procedural rules vary by jurisdiction.
/ɪɡˈzæmpəl/
The court cited an example to clarify the application of the statute.
The professor provided examples of contract breaches during the lecture.
In legal writing, examples serve to demonstrate applications of rules but are distinct from binding precedents.
/ɪkˈsiːd/
The defendant's actions exceed the scope of his contractual obligations.
The damages awarded exceeded the plaintiff's initial claim.
In drafting legal documents, 'exceed' is often used to denote surpassing predefined limits; precision in defining those limits helps avoid ambiguity.
/ɪkˈsɛpt/
All employees except the manager must attend the meeting.
The contract is valid except when terminated by notice.
The term 'except' functions primarily as a preposition and conjunction in legal texts to denote exclusion; careful placement avoids ambiguity in contracts.
/ɪkˈsɛpʃən/
The contract included an exception permitting early termination.
The defendant raised an exception to the plaintiff's claim.
Exceptions often function as carve-outs that limit the scope of laws or contractual obligations and require precise drafting to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪkˈsɛpʃən klɔːz/
The contract includes an exception clause that exempts the company from liability in cases of natural disasters.
The insurance policy’s exception clause excludes coverage for damages caused by war.
Exception clauses require clear and precise drafting to avoid ambiguity and unintended liability or exclusions.
/ɪkˈsɛpʃənl/
The court granted an exceptional extension of the filing deadline due to unforeseen circumstances.
Exceptional hardship may be grounds for waiving certain statutory requirements.
In legal drafting, 'exceptional' often appears in contexts allowing deviation from standard procedures due to unusual facts; clarity in defining the criteria for ‘exceptional’ status improves interpretive consistency.
/ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ədˈmɪʃən/
The university granted her exceptional admission despite not meeting all the usual requirements.
Usage typically pertains to admissions in educational settings or legal exceptions; clarity in criteria and authority granting the admission is important in drafting.
/ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli/
The contract was deemed valid exceptionally, despite the typical procedural defect.
Used to emphasize rare or extraordinary conditions affecting legal interpretation or application.
/ɪkˈsɛpʃənz klɔːz/
The exceptions clause in the contract excluded liability for damages caused by natural disasters.
The treaty included an exceptions clause allowing member states to opt out of mutual defense in specified conflicts.
Exceptions clauses serve to narrow or limit the scope of legal obligations and should be drafted clearly to avoid ambiguity about what is excluded.
/ˈɛksɜrpt/
The attorney submitted an excerpt of the contract to highlight the relevant clause.
The judge excerpted key arguments from the briefs in the opinion.
In legal drafting, excerpts are often used to focus argument or illustrate precedent without reproducing entire documents; clarity in citation is essential.
/ɪkˈsɛs/
The insured must pay any excess before the insurer covers the remaining loss.
The court ruled the punishment to be excessive under the circumstances.
In legal drafting, 'excess' often relates to the portion of loss or duty exceeding a specified threshold, especially in insurance contracts; precision in defining limits avoids disputes.
/ɪkˈsɛs ˈbɛnɪfɪt ˈtrænzˌækʃən/
The IRS imposed penalties due to the nonprofit's excess benefit transaction with its executive.
Crucial in nonprofit tax law, excess benefit transactions invoke intermediate sanctions aimed at preventing personal enrichment beyond fair market value.
/ˈɛksɛs klɔːz/
The excess clause limited the insurer's liability to claims above $1 million.
Excess clauses are commonly used in insurance and commercial contracts to cap exposure; drafters should ensure clarity in defining the excess amount or conditions triggering the clause.
/ˈɛksɛs ɪnˈʃʊərəns/
The company purchased excess insurance to cover liabilities exceeding their primary policy limits.
Excess insurance is often structured to respond after primary policies are exhausted, distinct from umbrella insurance which may provide broader coverage including gaps in primary policies.
/ˈɛksɛs ˈprɒfɪts tæks/
The government enacted an excess profits tax to curb profiteering during the conflict.
Excess profits tax is typically temporary and used as a regulatory measure to capture unusually high business gains during extraordinary periods.
/ɪkˈsɛsɪv/
The court ruled that the punitive damages were excessive and reduced the award.
In legal contexts, 'excessive' often pertains to sanctions or penalties that surpass legal limits, highlighting the importance of proportionality in judicial decisions.
/ɪkˈsɛsɪv bɔːl/
The judge ruled that the defendant's bail was excessive and ordered it reduced.
Excessive bail determinations often involve balancing the defendant's rights with public safety and flight risk; the U.S. Constitution's Eighth Amendment serves as a key standard.
/ɪkˈsɛsɪv tʃɑːrdʒ/
The court ruled the interest rate constituted an excessive charge and was therefore unenforceable.
Usually assessed in regulatory or contractual contexts to protect parties from unfair financial demands; drafting should clearly define permissible charges to avoid disputes.
/ɪkˈsɛsɪv fɔrs/
The officer was investigated for applying excessive force during the arrest.
Excessive force claims often arise in civil rights litigation under statutes like Section 1983 in the United States.
/ɪkˈsɛsɪv fɔrs ˈdɒktrɪn/
The officer’s use of excessive force doctrine was central to the civil rights lawsuit.
Often analyzed under the Fourth Amendment’s reasonableness standard, excessive force claims require careful factual evaluation of the officer’s conduct relative to the threat posed.
/ɪkˈsɛsɪv ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/
The court ruled that the life sentence for the minor theft was an example of excessive punishment.
Excessive punishment typically arises in constitutional and sentencing law contexts, emphasizing the need for penalties to be commensurate with the offense and societal standards of justice.
/ɪkˈsɛsɪvli/
The court ruled that the penalty was imposed excessively and reduced it accordingly.
Used to describe actions or measures that go beyond what is legally justified or necessary, often influencing assessments of reasonableness or proportionality in legal decisions.
/ɪkˈsɛsɪvnɪs/
The court ruled that the fine's excessiveness violated constitutional protections against cruel and unusual punishment.
Excessiveness often arises in constitutional and administrative law contexts, particularly under the Eighth Amendment and due process analyses, where courts evaluate whether a penalty or regulation is unduly harsh relative to its purpose.
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/
The exchange of contracts finalized the property sale.
He bought shares on the stock exchange.
The parties agreed to exchange documents confidentially.
In legal contexts, 'exchange' may refer to both an act and an entity; clarity depends on context.
/ˈɛksʧeɪnʤ ækt/
The Exchange Act requires public companies to disclose financial and other significant information.
The Exchange Act primarily refers to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; it governs securities trading post-initial issuance and complements the Securities Act of 1933.
/ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ əˈɡriːmənt/
The companies signed an exchange agreement to trade proprietary technologies.
Typically used in commercial and financial contexts, exchange agreements require clear definition of the exchanged items to avoid disputes.
/ˈɛksˌʧeɪndʒ kənˈtroʊl/
The country imposed strict exchange controls to stabilize its currency.
Exchange control is typically enacted during economic crises or to manage balance of payments; drafters should clarify scope and procedures for compliance.
/ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈmɑrkɪt/
The company listed its shares on the exchange market to access broader capital.
Banks engage in transactions on the exchange market to facilitate international trade.
In legal contexts, "exchange market" typically denotes formal, regulated trading venues distinguished from informal or OTC markets; precise usage may vary by jurisdiction and subject matter.
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ ʌv raɪts/
The exchange of rights between the parties was formalized in the agreement.
Used primarily in contract and property law to describe mutual conveyance of legally enforceable entitlements.
/ˈɛksˌʧeɪnʤ reɪt/
The contract specified the exchange rate to be applied for payments made in foreign currency.
In legal contexts, specifying an exchange rate in contracts helps manage currency risk and ensures clarity in cross-border transactions.
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ reɪt əˌdʒʌstmənt/
The contract included an exchange rate adjustment clause to mitigate currency risk.
Commonly used in international trade agreements to allocate risk of currency value changes between parties.
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ reɪt əˈɡriːmənt/
The countries entered into an exchange rate agreement to stabilize trade relations.
Exchange rate agreements are typically used in international economic law to manage currency fluctuations and provide predictability in cross-border transactions.
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ reɪt ˌmænɪpjuˈleɪʃən/
The World Trade Organization monitors cases of exchange rate manipulation to ensure fair trade practices.
Typically involves deliberate government actions such as currency devaluation or excessive currency market intervention to distort trade balances.
/ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ reɪt ˈpɒlɪsi/
The country's exchange rate policy aims to stabilize inflation and promote exports.
The central bank's exchange rate policy includes buying foreign currency to support the national unit.
Exchange rate policy often intersects with monetary policy but is distinct in focusing specifically on currency valuation and legal controls affecting exchange rates.
/ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ reɪt ˈrɛʤim/
The government adopted a fixed exchange rate regime to stabilize its national currency against the US dollar.
Exchange rate regimes are central in international economic law, influencing treaty obligations and regulatory interventions governing currency valuation and convertibility.
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ reɪt rɪsk/
The contract included a clause to mitigate exchange rate risk due to expected currency volatility.
Often addressed in international contracts and finance-related agreements to allocate or minimize potential losses from currency value changes.
/ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ reɪt vɒləˈtɪlɪti/
The contract included a clause addressing exchange rate volatility to allocate risks between the parties.
Exchange rate volatility is crucial in drafting international agreements, as it affects payment obligations and risk allocation.
/ˈɛksˌʧeɪnʤ ˈtrādəd fʌnd/
Investors often choose an exchange-traded fund for its liquidity and diversified exposure under regulatory oversight.
Technically structured to allow shares to be bought or sold throughout the trading day, ETFs combine features of mutual funds and stocks, thus requiring careful regulatory compliance in their creation and trading.
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒər/
The exchanger transferred the currency as agreed in the contract.
In legal contexts, 'exchanger' typically refers to a contract party engaged in asset or rights exchange, often under derivative or barter agreements. Clarify role and obligations within contracts to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪkˈskwɛkər/
The Exchequer approved the budget for the new public infrastructure project.
The case was brought before the Exchequer for adjudication on tax disputes.
In modern usage, 'Exchequer' primarily refers to the treasury function, but historically it also denoted a specific court; clarity depends on context.
/ɪkˈsɪpiənt/
The excipient in the pill helps preserve the active drug and aids in its absorption.
In legal and regulatory documents, precisely distinguishing excipients from active ingredients is critical for compliance and patent issues.
/ɪkˈsaɪz/
The government imposed an excise on tobacco products.
The state excises alcohol to fund public programs.
The court ordered the document to be excised from the record.
In legal contexts, 'excise' commonly refers to a specific type of internal tax but can also denote the act of removing or cutting out, such as expunging content in legal documents.
/ɪkˈsaɪs ˈdjuːti/
The government raised the excise duty on cigarettes to curb smoking rates.
Excise duty is a specific form of indirect tax imposed at the manufacture or production stage rather than at the point of sale to consumers.
/ɪkˈsaɪs tæks/
The government imposed an excise tax on tobacco products to discourage smoking.
Excise taxes are distinguished from general sales taxes by targeting particular goods or activities, often for regulatory or revenue purposes.
/ɪkˈskleɪm/
The witness exclaimed their surprise when presented with the unexpected evidence.
In legal contexts, 'exclaim' typically relates to the manner of speech or expression during testimony or declarations rather than a substantive legal action.
/ɪkskləˈmeɪʃən/
The witness's exclamation revealed her genuine surprise at the event.
In legal drafting, exclamations are rarely substantive but can be relevant in assessing statements' emotional context or voluntariness.
/ɪksˈkluːd/
The contract explicitly excludes any liability for consequential damages.
In legal drafting, 'exclude' often appears in clauses delimiting scope or liability; precision in what is excluded is critical to prevent ambiguous interpretation.
/ɪkˈskluːd ˈɛvɪdəns/
The judge ruled to exclude evidence obtained without a warrant.
Typically involves judicial discretion to maintain fairness and legality in trials; frequently applied to evidence acquired in violation of constitutional rights.
/ɪkˈskluːdɪd ˈpɑrti/
The government contract was awarded to a firm after the excluded party was disqualified.
Often arises in government contracting and compliance contexts where prior violations prevent participation; careful drafting should clearly define criteria for exclusion.
/ɪkˈskluːdɪd ˈpɛrɪl/
Fire is often listed as an excluded peril in certain standard property insurance policies.
Draft insurance policies should clearly identify excluded perils to avoid coverage disputes.
/ɪkˈskluːʒən/
The contract contained an exclusion clause limiting the liability of the parties.
The insurance policy's exclusions specified events not covered by the insurer.
The court ordered the exclusion of unlawfully obtained evidence from the trial.
Exclusion often refers to both substantive legal restrictions in contracts and procedural rules in evidence law; clarity in context is essential when drafting to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪkˈskluːʒən klɔːz/
The exclusion clause in the contract shielded the seller from liability for the product defects.
Exclusion clauses must be clearly incorporated into contracts and interpreted restrictively by courts to prevent unfair avoidance of liability.
/ɪkˈskluːʒən ˈɔrdər/
The judge issued an exclusion order preventing the company from bidding on government contracts.
The defense filed a motion for an exclusion order to suppress the unlawfully seized documents.
Exclusion orders differ by context: in regulatory law, they restrict participation; in criminal procedure, they suppress evidence. Precise terminology matters to clarify scope and effect.
/ɪkˈskluːʒən zoʊn/
The government established an exclusion zone around the hazardous chemical plant to protect nearby residents.
Ships must avoid the exclusion zone to comply with international maritime law.
The term often appears in contexts involving safety, security measures, or jurisdictional limitations; precise boundaries and legal authority for enforcement should be clearly defined in legal drafting.
/ɪkˈskluːʒəˌnɛri/
The exclusionary clause in the contract barred certain members from voting.
The court suppressed the illegally obtained evidence due to the exclusionary rule.
Commonly used in the context of contract law to describe limiting clauses and in criminal procedure concerning evidence admissibility. Distinguish general exclusionary practices from the specific constitutional doctrine known as the exclusionary rule.
/ɪksˈkluːʒəˌnɛri rul/
The court invoked the exclusionary rule to suppress the unlawfully seized evidence.
The exclusionary rule primarily applies to evidence gathered in violation of constitutional protections, serving to deter unlawful police conduct.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv/
The contract grants the exclusive right to distribute the product in the region.
The exclusivity clause prohibits the supplier from selling to competitors.
In legal contexts, 'exclusive' often denotes singular rights or privileges and is commonly used in contracts and intellectual property. Draft clearly to specify scope and duration to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv ˈeɪdʒənsi əˈɡriːmənt/
The seller signed an exclusive agency agreement with the real estate broker, reserving the right to sell the property herself.
Distinct from exclusive right to sell agreements, exclusive agency agreements allow the principal to sell independently without paying commission, which should be clearly stipulated to avoid misunderstandings.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv ˈbɑːrɡənɪŋ ˈeɪdʒənt/
The exclusive bargaining agent negotiated a new collective bargaining agreement on behalf of all employees.
Used in labor law to denote a singular union empowered to negotiate on employees' behalf; clarity on exclusivity is essential in drafting labor agreements.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv ˈbɑːrɡənɪŋ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛntətɪv/
The exclusive bargaining representative negotiated the new labor contract on behalf of the entire workforce.
The term specifically denotes the legally recognized agent for employees in labor negotiations, often certified by a labor board or similar authority.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv ˈkɒntrækt/
The company secured an exclusive contract to supply all the local schools with textbooks.
The athlete signed an exclusive contract keeping him from endorsing rival brands.
Exclusive contracts often contain clauses specifying the scope and duration of exclusivity to prevent disputes over interpretation.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv kənˈtroʊl/
The trustee has exclusive control over the trust's financial accounts.
The majority shareholder asserted exclusive control of the company’s board decisions.
Exclusive control often implies legally recognized authority that prevents others from exercising similar control; drafting should specify the scope and limits of such control to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv ˈdiːlɪŋ/
The court scrutinized the exclusive dealing agreement for antitrust violations.
Exclusive dealing restrictions are often analyzed under competition law to determine their effect on market competition and consumer welfare.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv dɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən/
The manufacturer entered into an exclusive distribution agreement to limit sales to one distributor per region.
Exclusive distribution clauses often raise antitrust considerations; precise territorial or product scope definition is key in drafting.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv dɪˈstrɪbjʊtə/
The company appointed an exclusive distributor to handle all sales in Europe.
The term often appears in commercial law and contract drafting; clarify territorial and product scope to avoid disputes over exclusivity.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv iˈkɑːnəmɪk zoʊn/
The country established an exclusive economic zone to regulate fishing and mineral extraction.
The Exclusive Economic Zone balances coastal state rights and international freedoms, important for maritime jurisdiction claims and resource management.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv dʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃən/
The federal court has exclusive jurisdiction over bankruptcy cases.
Exclusive jurisdiction bars other courts from hearing the same case; it is important to specify clearly in statutes or contracts which court possesses this power to avoid conflicts.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv ˈlaɪsəns/
The company secured an exclusive license to manufacture and sell the patented technology worldwide.
Exclusive licenses must be clearly drafted to specify the scope and exclusivity, as ambiguous terms may lead to disputes regarding rights retained by the licensor.
/ɪkˈskluː.sɪv ˈɑːp.ʃən/
The developer secured an exclusive option to purchase the land within six months.
The exclusive option clause prevented the owner from seeking other buyers.
Exclusive options are often used in real estate and commercial transactions to provide a time-limited right of first negotiation or purchase, requiring clear terms to avoid disputes over exclusivity duration and scope.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv pəˈzɛʃən/
The tenant exercised exclusive possession of the apartment during the lease term.
Exclusive possession is essential to establishing a valid claim to adverse possession.
Exclusive possession is a key principle in property law, often distinguishing between mere occupancy and legal possession; specifying exclusive possession clearly in agreements can prevent disputes.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv ˈpaʊərz/
The constitution delineates the exclusive powers of the federal government over interstate commerce.
The state legislature has exclusive powers to regulate local elections.
Exclusive powers often require precise drafting to avoid overlaps with concurrent or reserved powers and ensure clear jurisdictional boundaries.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv prəˈvaɪdər/
Under an exclusive provider plan, patients must visit an exclusive provider for their medical services to be reimbursed.
Term is primarily used in health insurance law; drafting should clarify scope and restrictions of provider exclusivity to prevent ambiguity in coverage terms.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv ˈrɛmɪdi/
The contract cited a liquidated damages clause as the exclusive remedy for breach.
Exclusive remedy clauses are often used to control liability exposure and ensure predictability in enforcement; drafters should clearly specify what is excluded to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv raɪt/
The copyright holder has the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the work.
The artist granted the gallery an exclusive right to sell his paintings for one year.
Exclusive rights often require clear definition in agreements to prevent ambiguity about scope and duration; commonly encountered in intellectual property and contractual contexts.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv səˈplaɪ əˈɡriːmənt/
The manufacturer entered into an exclusive supply agreement with the retailer to ensure sole distribution rights.
Exclusive supply agreements are used to secure stable supply chains but must be carefully drafted to avoid antitrust issues.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv ˈtɛrɪtəri/
The distributor was given an exclusive territory to sell the brand's products in the Midwest.
Exclusive territory clauses are common in franchise and distribution agreements to prevent competition within defined geographic limits.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv juːs/
The lease grants the tenant exclusive use of the parking spaces adjacent to the building.
The exclusive use clause in the contract ensures no other vendors can operate within the premises.
In legal drafting, 'exclusive use' clauses must be clearly defined to avoid ambiguity about the extent and limitations of exclusivity granted.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv zoʊn/
The country extended its exclusive zone to protect its fishing industry from foreign vessels.
Often conflated with 'exclusive economic zone'; however, 'exclusive zone' is less formal and sometimes used interchangeably in legal contexts to emphasize resource rights within maritime zones.
/ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/
The agreement grants the party exclusively the rights to the trademark in the region.
Commonly used to restrict legal rights or obligations to one party or jurisdiction, often found in contracts specifying sole ownership or authority.
/ɪkˌskluːsɪvˈnɛs/
The exclusiveness clause in the contract granted the supplier sole rights to distribute the product in the region.
Exclusiveness often appears in contracts to signify rights or privileges granted solely to one party, limiting others’ access or activities; drafting should clearly define the scope and duration to avoid disputes.
/ɪkˌskluːˈsɪvɪti/
The contract grants the distributor exclusivity for selling the product in the region.
The exclusivity clause prohibits the supplier from selling to other retailers during the term of the agreement.
Exclusivity provisions often require precise drafting to avoid antitrust issues and ensure enforceability within jurisdictional limits.
/ɪksˌkluːsɪˈvɪti əˈɡriːmənt/
The company signed an exclusivity agreement to purchase all supplies from the vendor.
The exclusivity agreement prohibited the distributor from selling competing products.
Exclusivity agreements should be drafted clearly to define scope, duration, and permitted exceptions to avoid unenforceability for restraint of trade.
/ɪkˌskluːsɪˈvɪti klɔːz/
The employment contract included an exclusivity clause preventing him from working with rival companies during the term.
Exclusivity clauses should be carefully drafted to balance restrictive effects with enforceability under applicable competition and contract laws.
/ˌɛkskəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/
The bishop declared the priest's excommunication due to doctrinal violations.
The guild's excommunication of the member barred him from all future meetings.
Excommunication is primarily a canonical term denoting formal exclusion from church communion, but in legal contexts, it often implies loss of rights or privileges enforceable by internal regulations rather than civil law.
/ɪkˈskʌlpeɪt/
The evidence served to exculpate the defendant from all charges.
Often used in legal settings to emphasize clearing a party from blame based on evidence; distinct from mere denial of accusation.
/ɪksˌkʌlpəˈteɪʃən/
The defendant sought exculpation by providing an alibi in court.
Exculpation typically involves evidence or arguments that negate culpability, important in both criminal and civil law.
/ɪkˈskʌlpətɔːri/
The exculpatory evidence proved the defendant's innocence.
Often used in contracts and legal procedures to denote clauses or evidence that absolve liability or fault.
/ɛksˈkʌlpəˌtɔri ˈklɔz/
The exculpatory clause in the rental agreement prevented the landlord from being sued for personal injuries on the property.
Exculpatory clauses are scrutinized under public policy and may be unenforceable if they attempt to waive liability for gross negligence or intentional misconduct.
/ɪkˌskʌlpəˈtɔːri ˈɛvɪdəns/
The defense attorney discovered exculpatory evidence that proved his client was not at the crime scene.
Exculpatory evidence is critical in criminal trials and must be disclosed by the prosecution under due process to ensure a fair trial.
/ɪkˈskjuːzəbəl/
The defendant’s late filing was deemed excusable due to unforeseen medical emergencies.
Used to describe actions or failures to act that may be forgiven legally because of reasonable cause or mitigating circumstances.
/ɪkˈskjuːs/
The defendant claimed a valid excuse for missing the contract deadline.
His absence was accepted as an excuse excusing his nonperformance under the statute.
The court excused the witness from testifying due to health concerns.
In legal drafting, clearly distinguish between excuse as a justification for non-liability and excuse as a procedural exemption; usage varies by jurisdiction.
/ɪkˈskjuːs əv pərˈfɔːrməns/
The defendant invoked an excuse of performance, claiming impossibility due to unforeseen natural disaster.
Frustration of purpose is often treated as an excuse of performance in contract law.
Excuse of performance functions as a defense to breach of contract claims, highlighting conditions where liability is negated due to external, unforeseen factors.
/ɪkˈskjuːzd ˈæbsəns/
The employee was granted an excused absence due to medical reasons.
Typically formalized through policies or statutes; clarity in terms ensures proper documentation and enforcement.
/ˈɛksɪkjuːt/
The parties must execute the agreement before it becomes binding.
The sheriff executed the court's writ to seize the debtor's assets.
The state executed the prisoner after all appeals were denied.
When drafting, specify the type of execution (e.g., document signing versus judgment enforcement) to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪɡˈzɛk.juː.tɪd ˈkɒn.trækt/
The executed contract was submitted as evidence of the agreement between the parties.
The term distinguishes fully completed or formally signed contracts from executory contracts, which are yet to be performed.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪd ˈdɒkjʊmənt/
The executed document was filed with the court as evidence of the contract.
An executed document is distinct from a drafted but unsigned document; proper execution is essential to enforceability.
/ɪkˈsɛkjʊʃən/
The execution of the court's order was delayed due to an appeal.
The sheriff was responsible for the execution of the writ against the debtor's assets.
The execution of the contract must occur in the presence of witnesses.
The execution was scheduled following all appeals being exhausted.
Execution covers distinct legal processes: enforcing court orders, formalizing documents, and carrying out capital punishment; clarity in context is essential.
/ɪkˈzɛkjuːʃən kɒsts/
The plaintiff was responsible for the execution costs after winning the lawsuit.
Execution costs are distinct from general litigation costs and specifically relate to post-judgment enforcement activities.
/ɪkˈsɛkjʊʃən deɪt/
The execution date of the contract was May 1, 2023, which triggered the parties' obligations.
The execution date for the court's judgment was scheduled two weeks after the final appeal.
Precise identification of the execution date is crucial to determine the onset of rights and duties under a legal instrument or order.
/ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃən ʌv ˈkɒntrækt/
The execution of the contract was completed once both parties signed and exchanged the agreed documents.
The lawyer oversaw the execution of the contract to ensure all clauses were properly agreed upon.
Execution of a contract can refer either to signing the contract or to performing its terms; clarity in context is essential when drafting to avoid ambiguity.
/ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃən ʌv ˈdɒkjʊmənts/
The execution of documents must comply with formalities prescribed by law to ensure validity.
Execution of documents typically requires proper signing, witnessing, and sometimes notarization to ensure enforceability and admissibility in legal proceedings.
/ɪˌkzɛkjuˈʃən ʌv ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/
The plaintiff requested the execution of judgment to recover the awarded damages.
The term specifically refers to actual implementation steps after a judgment is final, distinct from the judgment itself.
/ɪkˈsɛkjʊʃən seɪl/
The sheriff conducted an execution sale to pay off the creditor's claim.
Execution sales generally arise from court orders and must comply with statutory procedures to ensure validity and priority of claims.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv/
The executive branch is responsible for implementing legislation.
The company's executive made the final decision on the merger.
The executor ensured the provisions of the executive will were fulfilled.
In legal contexts, 'executive' commonly refers to governmental authority or persons vested with administrative power; clarity is needed to distinguish between the adjective describing authority and the noun denoting a person.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/
Executive accountability ensures that government leaders answer for their actions before legislative bodies and the public.
In drafting, specify the scope of accountability mechanisms to avoid ambiguity regarding executive powers and responsibilities.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv əˈɡriːmənt/
The president entered into an executive agreement with the foreign leader to regulate trade policies.
Executive agreements allow faster international arrangements than treaties but may have limited legal permanence.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv əˌpɔɪntmənt/
The governor's executive appointment must be confirmed by the state senate.
The CEO made an executive appointment to lead the new compliance division.
Executive appointments often require confirmation by a legislative body; drafting should clarify the appointing authority and confirmation procedures.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv əˈθɔrɪti/
The president's executive authority allows them to issue executive orders to manage federal agencies.
Executive authority often derives from constitutional or statutory sources and is distinct from legislative or judicial powers; clear drafting should specify the scope and limits of this authority to avoid overreach.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv ˌɔːθəraɪˈzeɪʃən/
The project proceeded only after receiving executive authorization from the board.
Executive authorization is required before the treaty can be enforced.
In legal contexts, executive authorization denotes not merely permission but often carries the weight of legitimacy required for certain governmental or organizational acts; precise terminology helps distinguish it from other forms of approval.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv bɔrd/
The executive board convened to approve the annual budget and strategic plan.
The term typically denotes a subset of the board of directors with delegated authority; clarity in governing documents is important to distinguish its specific powers and scope.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv bræntʃ/
The executive branch has the authority to veto legislation.
The executive branch is one of the three fundamental branches of government in the separation of powers model and is key in the administration and enforcement of law.
/ˌɛksɪˈkjutɪv ˈkæbɪnɪt/
The executive cabinet convened to discuss the new policy proposals.
The term usually refers to a collective decision-making body; it is important to distinguish it legally from individual ministers or secretaries who comprise it.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈklɛmənsi/
The governor exercised executive clemency to commute the prisoner's sentence.
Executive clemency is distinct from judicial relief, typically requiring no judicial process and serving as a check on the criminal justice system.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv kəˈmɪt.i/
The executive committee met to approve the annual budget.
The executive committee exercised its power to hire the new CEO without a full board vote.
The executive committee often holds delegated powers from the larger governing body; clarity in its authority limits is crucial in corporate governance documents.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˌkɒmpənˈseɪʃən/
The board reviewed the executive compensation package before approving the CEO's salary increase.
Regulations on executive compensation aim to prevent excessive risk-taking by aligning incentives with company performance.
Executive compensation terms often appear in corporate law and securities regulation; drafting clarity is key to delineate components like bonuses, stock options, and benefits.
/ˌɛksɪˈkjutɪv kənˈsɛnt/
The company secured executive consent before proceeding with the merger.
The project could not begin until executive consent was obtained from the relevant regulatory body.
Executive consent often implies formal governmental or administrative approval, distinguishing it from general consent; clarity about the granting authority is key when drafting.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈkaʊnsəl/
The executive council advised the governor on policy decisions.
The executive council enacted new regulations to control public health.
The term varies by jurisdiction; in some systems, the executive council functions similarly to a cabinet but may have distinct legal powers and composition.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər/
The executive director presented the annual report to the board.
The term is predominantly used in nonprofit and corporate governance contexts; drafting should clarify the scope of authority and reporting structure.
/ɪgˈzɛkjʊtɪv ɛnˈfɔːrsmənt/
The agency's executive enforcement of environmental regulations ensured compliance among factories.
Executive enforcement often involves administrative agencies acting under statutory authority to implement and enforce laws without direct judicial intervention.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ɪˈmjunɪti/
The president claimed executive immunity to avoid the civil lawsuit related to his official acts.
Executive immunity often applies to high-ranking officials when performing discretionary duties.
Executive immunity is distinct from qualified and absolute immunity but often overlaps; drafters should specify whether immunity covers discretionary acts or extends more broadly to official conduct.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈmɛmərəndəm/
The governor issued an executive memorandum to implement new environmental regulations.
Executive memoranda often serve as flexible policy instruments distinct from formal executive orders, allowing swift administrative guidance without the same procedural requirements.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɒfɪs/
The executive office coordinates national security efforts across various agencies.
Her appointment to the executive office marked a historic first for the state.
The term 'executive office' may refer to both the organizational unit within the executive branch and the position held by an executive official; context determines the precise legal implication.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɒfɪs ʌv ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt/
The Executive Office of the President coordinates national security and economic policy.
Typically encompasses multiple agencies and offices; important to distinguish from the broader executive branch.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv ˈɒfɪsər/
The executive officer convened the board meeting to discuss the annual report.
The state’s executive officer signed the new legislation into law.
The term 'executive officer' varies by context—corporate usage typically involves management roles appointed by a board, while governmental usage refers to officials vested with executive authority. Drafting should specify the context to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdɚ/
The executive order mandated new environmental regulations for federal agencies.
Executive orders are distinct from legislation as they originate from the executive branch but must be grounded in existing statutory or constitutional authority.
/ɛɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər wʌn ˈtu θri ˈθri/
Executive Order 12333 establishes the framework for intelligence gathering by federal agencies.
Executive Order 12333 is a key legal authority for intelligence operations outside the U.S. and guides agency cooperation; drafters should note its ongoing revisions and implications for privacy and civil liberties.
/ˌɛksɪˈkjutɪv ˈɔrdər 13224/
Executive Order 13224 enables the U.S. government to freeze assets of suspected terrorists.
This order is a key tool in U.S. counterterrorism legal measures, focusing on disrupting financial support to terrorist organizations.
/ɪkˈzɛkjətɪv plæn/
The company's executive plan detailed compliance measures to meet new industry regulations.
The term often appears in contexts requiring both legal oversight and strategic management, emphasizing clarity and alignment with regulatory requirements.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈpaʊər/
The president exercised executive power to issue the directive.
Executive power typically denotes the branch's action or authority in governance and is distinct from legislative or judicial functions; clarity in drafting should specify the scope and limits of this power to avoid overreach.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/
The president asserted executive privilege to refuse testimony during the congressional investigation.
Executive privilege is narrowly construed and often balanced against other government interests such as oversight and transparency.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv sɜrtʃ/
The law firm hired an executive search company to identify a new managing partner.
Executive search is distinct from general recruitment by its focus on senior-level roles and often involves legal scrutiny in contracts and confidentiality agreements.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv sɜrtʃ əˈɡriːmənt/
The executive search agreement outlined the recruiter’s responsibilities for finding a new CEO.
Typically includes terms on fees, exclusivity, and candidate guarantees; clarity in scope reduces disputes.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈsɛʃən/
The board convened an executive session to deliberate on personnel issues.
Executive sessions allow discussion of topics like private personnel matters or legal strategy that require confidentiality and nondisclosure.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈsʌməri/
The lawyer prepared an executive summary of the contract to present to the client.
Typically used to convey essential information without extensive detail, aiding legal and business executives in rapid appraisal of documents.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈtrænzɪʃən/
The board oversaw a smooth executive transition to ensure continuous compliance with corporate policies.
Executive transition often involves planned legal measures such as confidentiality agreements and regulatory filings to maintain organizational stability.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ˈviːtoʊ/
The president exercised the executive veto to block the controversial legislation.
Commonly requires a legislative supermajority to override; varies by jurisdiction regarding timing and formality.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtər/
The executor is responsible for distributing the deceased's assets according to the will.
The executor of the contract ensured all parties met their obligations.
Distinguish executor from administrator: an executor is named in a will, whereas an administrator is appointed when no will exists.
/ˌɛksɪˈkjutərʃɪp/
She accepted the executorship of her late father's estate with great care.
Executorship specifically denotes the role or capacity of an executor; drafting should clearly distinguish the office from the acts performed within it.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtəri/
An executory contract requires ongoing duties from one or both parties until it is fully performed.
An executory interest in the deed will vest if certain conditions are fulfilled.
Used primarily to describe contracts or property interests not fully performed or vested; important to distinguish from executed (fully performed) contracts.
/ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɔːri ˈkɒntrækt/
The debtor's executory contracts must be assumed or rejected during bankruptcy proceedings.
In bankruptcy, identifying an executory contract is key to deciding if it should be assumed or rejected; typically, it requires both parties to have material unperformed obligations.
/ɪɡˈzekjʊtəri ˈɪntərɪst/
The grant created an executory interest shifting ownership if the land ceased to be used for farming.
Executory interests cut short a prior estate and are distinct from remainders, which do not divest earlier estates. Draft carefully to clarify the condition triggering the interest.
/ˌek-suh-JEE-sis/
The lawyer’s exegesis of the statute revealed its intended legislative purpose.
Exegesis in legal contexts emphasizes detailed textual analysis to ascertain original meaning, often guiding judicial interpretation.
/ɪɡˈzɛm.plɑːr/
The court considered the case an exemplar of contractual misinterpretation.
In legal contexts, 'exemplar' often denotes a case or document serving as a standard or reference point in judgments or drafting.
/ɪgˈzɛm.pləˌrɪ.li/
The court praised the defendant for acting exemplarily in mitigating the damages.
Used predominantly as an adverb derived from 'exemplary'; it emphasizes conduct or actions that can be held up as a model, especially in legal ethics or tort law contexts.
/ɪɡˌzɛm.pləˈrɛnəs/
The exemplariness of the precedent guided the court's decision.
In legal drafting, exemplariness refers to the degree to which a case or principle can be cited as an authoritative model or standard.
/ɪɡˈzɛm.plə.ri/
The court awarded exemplary damages to punish the defendant's egregious conduct.
Exemplary damages are intended to discourage similar actions in the future.
In legal contexts, 'exemplary' chiefly describes damages awarded to punish and deter, distinct from mere compensation; precision in usage helps distinguish punishive intent.
/ɪɡˈzɛmpləri ˈkɒndʌkt/
The court awarded punitive damages due to the defendant's exemplary conduct violating safety regulations.
Exemplary conduct is often referenced in tort and professional liability contexts to justify enhanced penalties beyond compensatory damages.
/ɪgˈzɛm.plə.ri ˈdæm.ɪdʒɪz/
The court awarded exemplary damages to penalize the defendant's malicious actions.
Exemplary damages are distinct from compensatory damages in their punitive, rather than reparative, purpose and should be clearly distinguished in drafting and analysis.
/ɪɡˈzɛmpli ˈɡrɑːʃiə/
The contract addresses several issues, exempli gratia, breach remedies and dispute resolution.
Often abbreviated as 'e.g.' in legal documents, it clarifies that what follows are examples, not an exhaustive list.
/ˌɛɡzˌɛmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
The lawyer requested an exemplification of the court's judgment to submit to the appellate court.
The judge used exemplification to explain the application of the statute in precedential cases.
Exemplification commonly refers to a formal certified copy of a document, distinguished from ordinary copies by attestation and seal; it also can mean illustrating legal principles by examples or case law.
/ɪɡˈzɛmpt/
The organization is exempt from paying certain taxes.
The law exempts veterans from the property tax.
Use 'exempt' carefully to specify the scope of liability or obligation waived, as exemptions may be partial or conditional under law.
/ɪgˈzɛmpt ɪmˈplɔɪi/
The company classified her as an exempt employee, so she does not receive overtime pay.
Classification hinges on duties and salary tests under laws like the Fair Labor Standards Act; proper designation affects wage and hour compliance.
/ɪɡˈzɛmpt ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃən/
The nonprofit was registered as an exempt organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
As an exempt organization, it faced fewer disclosure requirements than a for-profit corporation.
Use precise statutory references when describing exempt organizations, as the scope of exemption varies by jurisdiction and tax code section.
/ɪɡˈzɛmpt sɪˈkjʊərɪtiz/
The company issued exempt securities to avoid lengthy registration procedures.
Exempt securities are often defined by statute or regulatory rule specifying conditions or issuer types that qualify for exemption from registration; understanding these criteria is key in compliance and securities offerings.
/ɪɡˈzɛmpʃən/
The charity received an exemption from property taxes.
Certain small businesses qualify for exemptions from the new reporting rules.
Often appears in tax, regulatory, and procedural contexts; drafting should clearly specify the scope and duration of the exemption.
/ɪgˈzɛm(p)ʃən sɜːrtɪfɪkət/
The nonprofit organization presented an exemption certificate to avoid paying sales tax on its purchases.
Exemption certificates must be carefully drafted to specify the scope of exemption and comply with jurisdictional requirements to avoid audit challenges.
/ɪgˈzɛm(p)ʃən klɔːz/
The exemption clause relieved the company from liability for delays caused by natural disasters.
Exemption clauses must be clearly incorporated into contracts and interpreted restrictively to prevent unfair exclusion of liability.
/ˈek.sɚ.saɪz/
The plaintiff exercised their right to appeal the judgment.
The exercise of the option must be made within 30 days.
In legal contexts, 'exercise' often pertains to the deliberate act of invoking a right or power; clarity in specifying which right or power is exercised aids precise drafting.
/ˈɛksərsaɪz klɔz/
The court ruled that the statute violated the Exercise Clause by burdening religious practice.
The Exercise Clause specifically protects religious practices from government restrictions, distinct from the Establishment Clause which prohibits government endorsement of religion.
/ˈɛksərsaɪz ʌv raɪts/
The exercise of rights under the lease allowed the tenant to renew the agreement.
The exercise of rights by shareholders includes attending meetings and voting on resolutions.
In drafting, clarity is crucial to specify which rights are being exercised and the context (statutory, contractual, common law) to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈɛksərˌsaɪz praɪs/
The investor exercised the option at the predetermined exercise price outlined in the contract.
Often used interchangeably with 'strike price,' but 'exercise price' emphasizes the actual price set for exercising a contractual right to transact an asset.
/ɪɡˈzɔːst/
The plaintiff must exhaust all administrative remedies before filing a lawsuit.
Exhaust of remedies is required prior to seeking judicial review.
In legal drafting, 'exhaust' often appears in the phrase 'exhaustion of remedies,' indicating the necessity to pursue all available options before court intervention.
/ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/
The court dismissed the case due to failure to show exhaustion of remedies.
Exhaustion of patent rights occurs once the product is sold, limiting the patent holder's control.
Exhaustion is often a prerequisite in litigation and administrative procedures, ensuring parties first utilize all procedural options before escalating to higher forums.
/ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən ˈdɒktrɪn/
The court applied the exhaustion doctrine to dismiss the plaintiff's further claims.
Commonly invoked in both administrative law and intellectual property contexts; be precise whether referring to administrative remedy exhaustion or patent exhaustion.
/ɪgˌzɔːstʃən əv rɪˈmidiːz/
The court dismissed the case due to failure of exhaustion of remedies.
Exhaustion of remedies ensures respect for state court processes before federal review.
Exhaustion of remedies emphasizes completeness in pursuing available relief and conserves judicial resources; drafting should clarify the remedies involved and their procedural thresholds.
/ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/
The attorney submitted the contract as an exhibit during the trial.
The witness exhibited the signed agreement to confirm the claims.
In drafting, clearly label exhibits to ensure accurate reference and avoid confusion during proceedings.
/ˈɛksɪbɪt lɪst/
The attorney submitted the exhibit list to the court before the trial began.
An exhibit list is often prepared to organize and reference physical or documentary evidence systematically, aiding clarity during litigation.
/ˈɛksɪbɪt ˈskɛdjuːl/
The attorney submitted the exhibit schedule to the court before the trial began.
An exhibit schedule should clearly identify each exhibit by number or letter and briefly describe it to streamline trial preparation and referencing.
/ɪkˌsɪbɪˈʃən/
The exhibition of the contract was crucial to proving the plaintiff’s claim.
She received an exhibition to study law at the university.
In legal contexts, 'exhibition' frequently refers to producing evidence or documents in court; it can also mean a form of scholarship in educational law.
/ɪkˈzɪbɪʃən ˈlaɪsəns/
The museum obtained an exhibition license to showcase the rare paintings for three months.
Exhibition licenses often include terms specifying duration, location, and limitations to protect owners' rights while allowing public access.
/ɪɡˌzjuːˈmeɪʃən/
The court granted permission for the exhumation of the deceased to conduct further forensic tests.
Exhumation often requires judicial or governmental authorization due to the sensitive nature of disturbing human remains.
/ˈɛksɪdʒənsi/
The exigency of the case required the court to grant an emergency injunction.
Exigency often appears in legal contexts involving urgent or pressing circumstances that justify expedited procedures or exceptions to normal rules.
/ɛɡˈzɪdʒənt/
The exigent circumstances justified the warrantless search of the premises.
Commonly used in legal contexts to describe situations that demand prompt response, especially relating to searches and seizures without a warrant.
/ɪɡˈzɪdʒənt səˈkɜːrmstænsɪz/
The police entered the home without a warrant due to exigent circumstances.
Exigent circumstances often serve as a legal exception to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement, underscoring the importance of immediacy and necessity in law enforcement actions.
/ɪɡˈzɪdʒəntli/
The plaintiff exigently sought injunctive relief to prevent further harm.
Used primarily as an adverb to indicate urgency; often appears in legal descriptions of situations necessitating swift measures or responses.
/ˈɛɡ.zaɪl/
The political dissident lived in exile to avoid persecution.
The government exiled the rebel leader for his activities.
'Exile' in legal contexts often involves formal or de facto expulsion frequently linked to political offenses; precise usage depends on jurisdictional statutes and international law.
/ɪɡˈzɪstəns/
The existence of a contract is necessary for enforcement.
The existence of negligence must be proven to hold the defendant liable.
In legal drafting, clarity on the existence of an element or condition is crucial for enforceability and liability determinations.
/ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ kənˈdɪʃən/
The policy excludes coverage for any damages resulting from existing conditions prior to its inception.
Typically used to identify facts or states known before the execution of a contract or policy; precise definition may vary by context to limit or expand legal liability.
/ɪɡˈzɒnəreɪt/
The court exonerated the defendant after new evidence proved his innocence.
Often used in both criminal and civil contexts to indicate release from legal responsibility or accusation.
/ɪɡˌzɒnəˈreɪʃən/
The defendant's exoneration came after new evidence proved his innocence.
The contract included a clause allowing for exoneration in the event of unforeseen circumstances.
Exoneration often implies a definitive legal finding or act that removes blame or liability, distinct from mere claims or allegations.
/ɪkˈspænʃən/
The expansion of regulatory authority granted new enforcement powers to the agency.
The parties agreed to an expansion of the contract to include additional services.
In legal drafting, 'expansion' often implies a deliberate broadening of rights or obligations and should be clearly distinguished from 'amendment' to avoid ambiguity.
/ˌɛkspætriˈeɪt/
The expatriate must comply with the host country’s visa regulations.
He expatriated himself to avoid taxation in his home country.
In legal contexts, expatriation may involve formal renunciation of citizenship and implications for tax and legal status.
/ɪkˈspɛktənsi/
The heir’s expectancy in the estate depended on the current holder’s lifetime.
The court considered the expectancy of future profits when awarding damages.
Expectancy is commonly distinguished from vested rights; it reflects a contingent or potential interest that depends on future events.
/ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən/
The tenant has a legal expectation of quiet enjoyment during the lease term.
He holds an expectation of inheritance contingent upon his grandfather's will.
The court examined the defendant's expectation of privacy to determine Fourth Amendment protections.
Expectations often underpin claims to rights or interests and are distinct from actual legal rights until recognized by law or contract; clarity in drafting can avoid ambiguity between mere expectations and enforceable rights.
/ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən ˈdæmɪdʒɪz/
The court awarded expectation damages to the buyer for the seller's breach of contract.
Expectation damages aim to place the injured party in the position they would have been in had the contract been fulfilled as promised; careful drafting can clarify calculation methods to avoid disputes.
/ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən əv ˈpraɪvəsi/
The court ruled that the defendant had a reasonable expectation of privacy in their home, making the warrantless search unlawful.
The expectation of privacy is central in Fourth Amendment jurisprudence; courts assess both an individual's subjective expectation and its objective reasonableness.
/ˈɛk.spə.dɪt/
The court ordered an expedit review of the evidence to ensure a swift resolution.
Often used to describe processes or actions that are accelerated to save time, particularly in litigation or administrative procedures.
/ˈɛk.spə.daɪt/
The court agreed to expedite the review due to the urgency of the case.
Often used in legal contexts to prioritize cases or actions requiring swift resolution.
/ˈɛkspɪdɪtɪd prəˈsiːdʒər/
The court granted an expedited procedure to handle the urgent dispute swiftly.
The arbitration agreement included an expedited procedure for claims under $50,000.
Expedited procedures prioritize speed over extensive evidence gathering, appropriate mainly when parties consent or situations involve urgent matters.
/ɪkˈspɛdɪtɪd proʊˈsiːdɪŋz/
The court ordered expedited proceedings to resolve the dispute quickly.
Expedited proceedings are typically used to reduce delay in urgent matters, often requiring tailored procedural rules to maintain fairness despite faster timelines.
/ɪkˈspɛdɪtɪd ˈprɑːsɛs/
The court allowed an expedited process to resolve the case due to its urgent nature.
Expedited process provisions are often used in litigation to ensure timely resolution, particularly in cases involving urgent matters or where delay would cause injustice.
/ɪkˈspɛdɪtɪd rɪˈvjuː/
The court granted an expedited review due to the urgent nature of the case.
Expedited review is often used in contexts requiring swift resolution, such as urgent motions or regulatory applications, highlighting the importance of procedural efficiency while maintaining fairness.
/ɪkˈspɛdɪʃən/
The court ordered the expedition of the summons to the respondent.
The government initiated an expedition to survey the disputed territory.
In legal contexts, 'expedition' emphasizes urgency in processing documents or actions; distinguish from general travel or exploration usage.
/ɪkˈspɛl/
The university decided to expel the student for cheating on the exam.
The landlord sought to expel the tenant due to nonpayment of rent.
In legal contexts, 'expel' often involves formal procedures and due process, especially in educational or landlord-tenant settings. Drafting should clarify the authority and grounds for expulsion.
/ɪkˈspɛld/
The student was expelled from school due to repeated violations of the code of conduct.
Commonly used in contexts such as educational institutions, legislative bodies, or professional organizations to denote formal removal for cause.
/ɪkˈspɛlɪŋ/
The university's board was responsible for expelling the student who violated the code of conduct.
As a gerund form, 'expelling' describes the process or act connected to the base verb 'expel' without separate substantive meaning.
/ɪk.spɛn.dəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
The expendability of certain assets was a crucial factor in the company's restructuring plan.
Used primarily in contexts involving resource allocation, risk assessment, and strategic planning where the necessity or non-necessity of an entity is legally or operationally significant.
/ɪkˈspɛndəbəl/
The contract listed certain materials as expendable in case of damage during transport.
Often used in contracts to delineate items or costs that may be consumed or written off without breaching obligations.
/ɪkˈspɛn(d)ɪtʃər/
The government approved the expenditure for public infrastructure.
The litigation expenditure was reimbursed by the losing party.
In legal drafting, distinguish between general expenditure (overall spending) and itemized expenditures for clarity in contracts and financial reports.
/ɪkˈspɛn.dɪ.tʃər əˈpruː.vəl/
The project cannot proceed until expenditure approval is secured from the finance committee.
Expenditure approval requirements vary depending on the jurisdiction and the contractual framework.
Expenditure approval is a critical compliance step in both public and private sectors to control and legitimize the use of funds; legal drafts should specify the authority and scope of approval required.
/ɪkˈspɛn.dɪ.tʃər ˌɔːθəraɪˈzeɪʃən/
The expenditure authorization must be obtained before any purchase exceeding the budget limit.
Commonly used in budgeting and financial compliance contexts to ensure control over organizational spending.
Expenditure control mechanisms are crucial for preventing unauthorized use of public funds.
Typically involves formal procedures and legal frameworks to ensure compliance with financial policies and prevent misappropriation.
/ɪkˈspɛn.dɪ.tʃər ˈmɒnɪtərɪŋ/
The contract mandated strict expenditure monitoring to prevent misuse of allocated funds.
Typically used in contexts involving public or contractual funds, emphasizing accountability and transparency in legal financial management.
/ɪk'spɛn.dɪ.tʃɚ plæn/
The city council approved the expenditure plan for the upcoming fiscal year.
In legal drafting, clarity in itemizing expense categories within an expenditure plan aids enforceability and oversight.
/ɪkˈspɛn.dɪ.tʃər rɪˈvjuː/
The expenditure review revealed unauthorized payments that violated financial regulations.
Expenditure review is crucial in public law and governance to maintain transparency and legal accountability in financial management.
/ɪkˈspɛns/
The company recorded all operational expenses for tax purposes.
The court ordered the defendant to cover the plaintiff's legal expenses.
In legal drafting, distinguish between reimbursable expenses and damages; specify which expenses are recoverable to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈɛkspɛns əˌkaʊnt/
She submitted her expense account along with receipts for travel and meals.
Expense accounts are commonly regulated through corporate policies detailing allowable expenses and documentation requirements.
/ɪkˈspɛns ˌrɛkəgˈnɪʃən/
The company's expense recognition policy ensures that costs are reported in the correct fiscal quarter.
Expense recognition is fundamental in legal financial reporting and compliance, ensuring transparent and consistent presentation of financial statements.
/ɪkˈspɛns rɪˌɪmbərsˈmɛnt/
The company processed the employee's expense reimbursement claim for travel costs.
Expense reimbursement clauses require precise descriptions of reimbursable costs to avoid disputes.
/ɪkˈspɛns rɪˌpɔrt/
She submitted the expense report to the finance department for approval.
An expense report should be clear and detailed to facilitate prompt reimbursement and to meet internal audit requirements.
/ɪkˈspɛrɪmənt/
The court allowed the scientific experiment as evidence to establish causation.
In legal contexts, 'experiment' often denotes controlled procedures used to verify factual assertions or causal links relevant to disputes or regulatory compliance.
/ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntl drʌg/
The hospital enrolled patients to test the efficacy of the experimental drug.
The manufacturer submitted an IND application to begin human testing of the experimental drug.
In legal contexts, 'experimental drug' typically implies a substance not yet approved and often covered under special regulatory frameworks such as investigational new drug applications.
/ɪkˈspɛrɪˌmɛntəl ɡruːp/
The experimental group received the new policy intervention to measure its impact against the control group.
In legal research, the experimental group is crucial in comparative studies assessing the impact of new laws or policies versus existing standards.
/ɪkˈspɛrɪmɛntəl ˈmɛθəd/
The expert witness used the experimental method to validate the reliability of the forensic analysis.
In legal contexts, the experimental method is prized for its systematic approach to testing evidence or theories, often aiding expert testimony or whether legal standards are met.
/ˈɛkspɜrt/
The court appointed an expert to testify on the matter of patent infringement.
The expert testimony was crucial to the outcome of the trial.
In legal drafting, clarity about the expert's qualifications and scope of expertise is essential to establish admissibility of their testimony.
/ˈɛkspɜːrt ˈɛvɪdəns/
The court admitted the expert evidence to clarify the technical aspects of the case.
Expert evidence is distinct from fact evidence and often requires establishing the expert's qualifications; courts may limit its admissibility based on relevance and reliability.
/ˈɛkspɜːrt əˈpɪnjən/
The court relied heavily on the expert opinion of the forensic accountant to determine the extent of financial fraud.
Expert opinions must be based on reliable methods and relevant facts; their admissibility often depends on jurisdiction-specific standards such as Daubert or Frye.
/ˈɛk.spɜrt ˈpæn.əl/
The expert panel reviewed the forensic findings before submitting their report to the court.
Expert panels are often distinct from individual expert witnesses as they bring collective expertise, which can influence decisions in complex litigation or regulatory proceedings.
/ˈɛkspɜːrt rɪˌpɔːrt/
The court admitted the expert report to support the plaintiff's claim regarding product defect.
Expert reports must clearly state the expert's qualifications, the basis of their opinion, and comply with procedural rules to be admissible.
/ˈɛkspɜrt ˈsɪstəm/
The expert system helped the firm automate contract review by identifying key legal risks.
Expert systems in law are designed to replicate the decision-making abilities of human experts, particularly useful for consistent analysis of legal criteria and automated advice.
/ˈɛkspɜrt ˈtɛstəˌmoʊni/
The expert testimony clarified the technical aspects of the patent dispute.
Expert testimony must meet standards of relevance and reliability to be admissible in court.
/ˈɛkspɜrt ˈwɪtnəs/
The court appointed an expert witness to testify on forensic evidence.
The expert witness explained the technical details of the contract dispute.
An expert witness must be qualified by the court before giving opinion evidence; unlike fact witnesses, they may express opinions and draw conclusions within their expertise.
/ˈɛkspɜrt ˈwɪtnəs rɪˈpɔrt/
The attorney submitted the expert witness report to support the case with scientific evidence.
When drafting, ensure the report is clear, objective, and supported by evidence to maintain credibility in legal proceedings.
/ˌɛk.spɚˈtiːz/
The court relied on the expert's expertise to understand the technical details of the case.
In legal writing, expertise often underpins the credibility of expert testimony; it's crucial to distinguish general knowledge from recognized legal 'expertise'.
/ˌɛkspəˈreɪʃən/
The expiration of the lease means the tenant must vacate the property.
The expiration of the statute of limitations barred the claim.
Expiration commonly marks the natural conclusion of a legal time frame or contractual period and differs from termination by breach or mutual agreement.
/ɪkˌspɪˈreɪʃən deɪt/
The contract’s expiration date is set for December 31, 2024.
Her driver’s license must be renewed before the expiration date to remain valid.
Expiration dates must be clearly stated in legal documents to avoid ambiguity about the duration of rights or obligations.
/ɪkˈspaɪər/
The lease will expire at midnight on December 31.
The rights passed to his heirs upon his death, as he expired intestate.
Commonly used to denote the ending of legal rights or obligations by the passage of time; precise wording in contracts should clarify what occurs upon expiration.
/ɪkˈspaɪəri/
The expiry of the lease requires the tenant to vacate the premises.
The patent reached its expiry in 2022, allowing others to use the invention freely.
In legal drafting, clearly specifying the expiry date or conditions avoids ambiguity regarding the duration of rights or obligations.
/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/
The court’s explanation of the statute helped resolve the ambiguity in the law.
The judge’s explanation for the verdict was based on precedents and statutory interpretation.
In legal drafting, explanations should be clear and precise to avoid misinterpretation and ensure the intent of the law or document is understood.
/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən klɔːz/
The explanation clause compelled the tenant to disclose reasons for early termination of the lease.
Explanation clauses clarify obligations for providing reasons, helpful to limit disputes over ambiguous decisions in contracts.
/ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔːri/
The explanatory notes helped the court understand the legislature's intent.
Commonly used to denote clauses or documents that provide clarification without altering the substantive legal effect.
/ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri freɪz/
The contract included an explanatory phrase to specify the scope of the indemnity clause.
Explanatory phrases aid in interpreting legal texts but should be drafted precisely to avoid ambiguity or unintended breadth.
/ˈeksplɪtɪv/
The clause contained an expletive that did not alter the contract's obligations.
The court transcript noted that the witness used an expletive during testimony.
In legal drafting, expletives as filler words should be minimized to avoid ambiguity; profane expletives are typically redacted or excluded from official records.
/ɪkˈsplɪsɪt/
The contract included explicit terms regarding payment deadlines.
The defendant gave explicit consent to the search.
In legal drafting, using explicit language is critical to avoid misinterpretation; drafters should ensure that terms are stated clearly and directly to prevent disputes.
/ɪkˈsplɪsɪt klɔːz/
The contract's explicit clause specified the penalties for late delivery.
Explicit clauses are drafted to prevent ambiguity, often used to ensure critical obligations or rights are unmistakably recorded.
/ɪkˈsplɪsɪt kɒst/
The explicit cost of the contract includes materials and labor expenses.
Explicit costs are distinct from implicit costs; they represent actual outlays of money, important for legal and financial clarity in contracts and business litigation.
/ɪkˈsplɪsɪt tɜrm/
The contract included explicit terms regarding payment deadlines.
The law requires explicit terms to avoid misinterpretation.
Explicit terms must be carefully drafted to avoid ambiguity and to ensure enforceability; their clarity distinguishes them from implied terms typically inferred by law or conduct.
/ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli/
The contract explicitly states the obligations of both parties.
Used to emphasize clarity and unambiguity in legal drafting, ensuring precise interpretation of terms.
/ɪkˈsplɪsɪtnəs/
The contract's explicitness leaves no room for differing interpretations.
Explicitness is crucial in legal drafting to prevent disputes arising from ambiguous language.
/ɪkˌsploʊɪˈteɪʃən/
The court found evidence of exploitation of workers in unsafe conditions.
The company's exploitation of the patented technology without a license led to litigation.
Legal usage often distinguishes between exploitation in labor/human rights contexts and in intellectual property; clarity in context is essential.
/ɪksˌplɔɪˈteɪʃən əv ˈnæʃrəl rɪˈzɔrsɪz/
The exploitation of natural resources must comply with environmental regulations to prevent damage.
Legal texts often distinguish exploitation of natural resources from conservation; drafting should clarify permitted uses and sustainability obligations.
/ɪkˈsploʊsɪv/
The police handled the explosive materials with extreme caution.
The lab was investigating new types of explosives for mining purposes.
In legal contexts, 'explosive' frequently appears in statutes regulating dangerous materials and criminal offenses involving bomb-making or use of explosive devices.
/ɪkˈsploʊsɪv dɪˌvaɪs/
The suspect was arrested for possessing an illegal explosive device.
Transporting explosive devices without authorization is a federal offense.
The term is strictly defined in statutes; clarification between lawful and unlawful possession/use is critical in legal drafting.
/ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz ækt/
The company complied with the Explosives Act before transporting the dynamite.
Often includes licensing and inspection provisions; drafting should clarify scope of regulated substances and exceptions.
/ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz ˈhændlɪŋ/
The company implemented strict explosives handling procedures to comply with federal regulations.
Explosives handling typically appears in safety and regulatory law contexts, emphasizing proper procedures and statutory compliance to minimize risks.
/ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
The company must comply with the explosives regulation to legally transport blasting agents.
Explosives regulation often entails overlapping jurisdiction between federal, state, and local authorities; precise statutory references are essential when drafting or interpreting such laws.
/ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz ˈstɔːrɪdʒ/
The facility complied with all regulations concerning explosives storage to ensure public safety.
Legal definitions of explosives storage focus heavily on compliance with safety standards and statutory requirements to mitigate risks associated with explosive materials.
/ˈɛk.spɔːrt/
The company faced strict export controls when shipping technology overseas.
The firm plans to export its products to several European markets.
In legal contexts, 'export' often carries regulatory significance, with specific laws governing what, how, and where goods may be sent internationally. Precise drafting should consider jurisdictional export controls and licensing requirements.
/ˈɛksˌpɔrt bɑnd/
The exporter secured an export bond to comply with customs and contractual requirements.
Typically issued by a bank or surety company, export bonds protect importers, exporters, and governments by mitigating risks related to cross-border trade compliance and payments.
/ˈɛkspɔːrt kənˈtroʊl/
The company ensured compliance with export control laws before shipping sensitive equipment abroad.
Export control laws often require coordination between multiple agencies and careful classification of products and technologies.
/ˈɛk.spɔrt ˈkrɛ.dɪt ˈeɪ.dʒən.si/
The exporter secured financing from an export credit agency to facilitate the overseas sale.
Used primarily in international trade law and finance; definitions may vary slightly by jurisdiction but generally denote government-backed support entities to promote exports.
/ˈɛkspɔrt ˌdɛkləˈreɪʃən/
The exporter completed the export declaration before shipping the merchandise.
An export declaration is crucial for customs clearance and international trade compliance, requiring accuracy to avoid delays or penalties.
/ɪkˈspɔrt ˌdɑkjumɛnˈteɪʃən/
The exporter prepared the export documentation to comply with customs regulations.
Failure to provide accurate export documentation can result in penalties under trade law.
In legal drafting, clarity about required documents in export transactions helps prevent disputes and regulatory sanctions.
/ˈɛkspɔrt ˈdjuːti/
The export duty on coffee was increased to protect the domestic market.
Export duties are distinct from import duties and often used to regulate trade balance or protect local industries.
/ˈɛkspɔːrt ˈfaɪnænsɪŋ/
The company secured export financing to expand its overseas sales.
Typically involves specialized financial instruments and government-backed guarantees to support cross-border transactions, reducing risk for exporters and lenders.
/ˈɛkspɔrt ˈlaɪsəns/
The company obtained an export license before shipping the sensitive equipment abroad.
Export licenses are often critical for compliance with export control laws to prevent unauthorized transfer of regulated items across borders.
/ˈɛkspɔrt ˈprɑːsɛsɪŋ zoʊn/
The company established a factory in the export processing zone to benefit from tax incentives and streamlined customs procedures.
Legal definitions of export processing zones often emphasize customs and tax benefits aimed at fostering international trade, making precise statutory language important in drafting
/ˈɛkspɔːrt ˈkwoʊtə/
The government set an export quota to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.
Export quotas are tools of trade policy often used to control supply and protect domestic markets and are distinct from tariffs and export licenses.
/ˈɛkspɔːrt ˈsʌbsədi/
The country introduced an export subsidy to boost its agricultural sector's presence in international markets.
Export subsidies are central in international trade law disputes, especially under WTO rules, where they may be challenged as unfair trade practices.
/ˌɛkspɔːrˈteɪʃən/
The exportation of steel requires compliance with international trade regulations.
The illegal exportation of funds violated the sanctions imposed by the government.
In legal contexts, exportation commonly relates to the regulated transfer of goods or services across borders, but can also refer to prohibited removal of assets; clarity in drafting should specify the context to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪkˈspɔːrtər/
The exporter complied with all customs documentation before shipping the goods abroad.
In legal contexts, the exporter must ensure compliance with export control laws and international trade agreements.
/ɪkˈspoʊz/
The lawyer was required to expose all relevant documents during discovery.
The defendant's negligence was exposed during cross-examination.
In legal drafting, 'expose' typically connotes the act of disclosure or revealing, often related to evidentiary processes. Care should be taken to distinguish from similar terms like 'disclose' in specific contexts.
/ɪkˈspoʊʒər/
The insurance policy limits the exposure of the company to financial losses.
The unauthorized exposure of trade secrets led to a breach of contract claim.
The defense argued that the exposure of the plaintiff's prior convictions was irrelevant.
In legal drafting, specify the context of exposure—whether risk, disclosure, or evidence—to avoid ambiguity.
/ɛkˈspoʊʒər əˈsɛsmənt/
The environmental agency required a thorough exposure assessment before approving the factory’s operation.
Exposure assessment is critical in legal contexts involving regulatory compliance and liability for harm caused by environmental or workplace hazards.
/\ɪkˈspoʊʒər ˈpɪriəd\/
The court examined the plaintiff's exposure period to determine liability for asbestos-related injuries.
The exposure period in the contract limited the company’s liability for data breaches.
Used predominantly in contexts involving risk assessment, insurance claims, and tort liability; clarity on the start and end of the exposure period is crucial in legal drafting.
/ɪkˈsprɛs/
The contract contained an express clause forbidding assignment without consent.
The plaintiff expressed dissatisfaction with the terms of the settlement.
The lawyer sent the documents via express mail to meet the deadline.
In legal drafting, 'express' indicates terms explicitly set out, contrasting with 'implied' terms; precision is crucial to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈɛk.sprɛs klɔːz/
The express clause in the contract clearly forbids subletting the leased property.
An express clause is distinguished by its explicit, unambiguous wording, often contrasted with implied terms that arise by operation of law or custom.
/ɪkˈsprɛs kənˈdɪʃən/
The contract was voided due to the breach of an express condition regarding delivery dates.
Express conditions are strictly construed and must be met exactly as phrased to trigger the related contractual obligations or rights.
/ɪkˈsprɛs kənˈsɛnt/
The party gave express consent to the contract terms in writing.
Express consent is required before any medical procedure can begin.
Express consent requires direct communication of agreement, which avoids ambiguity and is often necessary in formal or high-stakes legal contexts.
/ˈɛkspres ˈkɒntrækt/
The parties formed an express contract by clearly outlining the payment terms in writing.
Express contracts require clear communication of terms, contrasting with implied contracts based on conduct or circumstances.
/ˈɛkspres meɪl/
The lawyer sent the contract via express mail to ensure it arrived before the deadline.
Express mail is often referenced in legal contexts involving timely delivery of documents or evidence, so specifying guaranteed delivery times and tracking can be legally significant.
/ˈɛkˌsprɛs ˈpaʊərz/
The corporation's bylaws specify the express powers of the board of directors.
Express powers must be clearly stated and cannot be presumed; distinctions from implied powers are critical in legal interpretation and drafting contracts or statutes.
/ɪkˈsprɛs priːˈɛmʃən/
The federal statute includes an express preemption clause that invalidates conflicting state regulations.
Express preemption is explicitly stated in legislative text, contrasting with implied forms; drafters should use clear language to signal such intent to avoid litigation over preemption scope.
/ˈɛk.sprɛs ˈsɜːr.vɪs/
The contract required the seller to provide an express service for delivery within 24 hours.
Express service clauses should clearly specify time frames and costs to avoid disputes over delivery obligations.
/ˈɛk.sprɛs tɜrm/
The lease contains an express term requiring tenants to maintain the garden.
Express terms override implied terms when determining the parties’ obligations.
Express terms are fundamental in contract interpretation, as they reflect the parties’ explicit intentions, contrasting with implied terms which are inferred by law or fact.
/ɪkˈsprɛs trʌst/
The settlor created an express trust to manage her estate for her children.
An express trust requires clear manifestation of intent to establish a trust, distinguishing it from trusts implied by law; drafting should ensure explicit terms to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈɛk.sprɛs ˈwɒr.ən.ti/
The seller's promise that the engine was new constituted an express warranty.
Express warranties must be clearly stated or explicitly communicated; mere descriptions or opinions usually do not qualify.
/ɪkˈsprɛʃi.oʊ ˈjuːniəs/
The court applied expressio unius to conclude that because the statute specified one exception, others did not apply.
Expressio unius is commonly invoked in interpreting statutes and contracts to infer exclusive enumeration; drafters should clearly enumerate to avoid ambiguity.
/ˌɛksprɛsioʊ ˈjuːniəs ɛst ɛkskluˈsiːoʊ ælˈtɛriəs/
The court applied expressio unius est exclusio alterius to conclude that only the listed parties could enforce the contract.
This maxim is a tool for construing statutes or contracts; it advises that specifying certain things excludes others not mentioned, but should be applied cautiously, considering the context and purpose of the law.
/ɪkˈsprɛʃən/
The expression of consent is essential for a valid contract.
Ambiguous expressions in the contract led to a dispute over its meaning.
In legal drafting, precise expressions are crucial to avoid ambiguity and ensure enforceability.
/ɪkˈsprɛsɪv ˈkɒndʌkt/
Burning the flag was ruled as expressive conduct protected by the First Amendment.
Expressive conduct includes acts like flag burning or wearing armbands, which convey a message without spoken or written words; its protection depends on the intent to express and the context.
/ɪkˈsprɛsli/
The contract expressly prohibits the transfer of ownership without consent.
Used to highlight unambiguous articulation of terms or intentions in legal documents; avoid vague phrasing when drafting clauses that require express statements.
/ɪkˈsprəpriˌeɪt/
The government can expropriate land to build highways.
Expropriation implies lawful requisition, distinct from confiscation which may be punitive or without compensation.
/ˌɛksprəprɪˈeɪʃən/
The government enacted expropriation to build the new highway.
Expropriation differs from voluntary sale by its compulsory nature.
Expropriation typically implies lawful governmental authority and usually requires just compensation, distinguishing it from confiscation.
/ɪkˈspʌlʃən/
The student's expulsion from school was upheld after the hearing.
The court ordered the expulsion of the foreign diplomat for espionage activities.
Expulsion denotes formal ejection typically sanctioned by law or organizational rules; distinguish it from informal dismissal or resignation.
/ɛkˈspʌŋkʃən/
After the court granted expunction, his criminal record was removed from public databases.
Expunction specifically refers to the complete destruction or removal of a record, differing from sealing, which merely limits access without destruction.
/ɪkˈspʌndʒ/
The defendant petitioned the court to expunge his arrest record.
The judge ordered certain details to be expunged from the trial transcript.
Expungement is typically governed by statute and involves the legal process for removing or deleting records, often criminal, from public access or official record.
/ɪkˈspʌndʒmənt/
After the expungement of his record, he was able to apply for jobs without disclosing his past conviction.
Expungement statutes vary widely by jurisdiction; drafters should specify the scope and effect clearly to avoid ambiguity regarding disclosure and collateral consequences.
/ˈɛkspɜːrɡeɪt/
The editor expurgated the confidential information from the contract before sharing it with third parties.
In legal contexts, expurgate often relates to the careful removal of sensitive or legally protected information to comply with privacy laws or not to prejudice proceedings.
/ɪkˈstɛnd/
The parties agreed to extend the contract period by six months.
The court extended jurisdiction to cover the new claims.
In legal drafting, clarity is critical when extending terms or rights to specify exact scope and duration to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪkˈstɛndɪd prəˈdjuːsər rɪˌspɒnsɪˈbɪləti/
Extended producer responsibility has led manufacturers to design more recyclable packaging.
Used predominantly in environmental and product law, this term emphasizes shifting waste management costs from governments to producers, encouraging sustainable product design.
/ɪkˈstɛn.dɪd rɪˈpɔːr.tɪŋ ˈpɪə.ri.əd/
The insured elected an extended reporting period to cover claims made after the policy's termination.
Extended reporting periods are critical in claims-made insurance policies to protect insureds against claims reported after policy expiration.
/ɪkˈstɛnʃən/
The court granted an extension of the filing deadline.
The tenant negotiated an extension of the leased premises.
Extensions in legal contexts typically require explicit agreement or court approval; clarity in scope and duration is essential in drafting.
/ɪkˈstɛnʃən klɔːz/
The extension clause permitted the lessee to prolong the lease term by an additional year.
The purchase option included an extension clause that allowed the buyer to defer closing.
Extension clauses require precise drafting to define conditions and limits to prevent disputes over permissible extensions.
/ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən/
The court granted an extension of limitation to allow the plaintiff more time to file the claim.
Extensions of limitation periods are typically governed by statutes or court rules and may hinge on factors such as defendants' fraud or plaintiffs' minority or incapacity.
/ɪkˈstɛnʃən rɪˈkwɛst/
The lawyer filed an extension request to postpone the submission of evidence.
The company submitted an extension request to delay the project completion date.
Extension requests typically require good cause and must comply with procedural rules; parties drafting contracts should specify terms and conditions for granting extensions to avoid disputes.
/ɪkˈstɛnt/
The extent of the defendant’s liability was clearly outlined in the contract.
The extent of the property included all land between the river and the highway.
In legal drafting, clarifying the extent of rights or obligations helps define responsibilities and limits precisely to avoid ambiguity.
/ɪkˈstɜːrmɪneɪt/
The law authorized authorities to exterminate invasive species threatening local agriculture.
In legal contexts, 'exterminate' often pertains to authorized destruction related to public safety or environmental regulation rather than indiscriminate killing; precision in usage is important to avoid conflating with criminal acts.
/ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/
The company faced external pressures from international regulations.
The judge admitted the external report as evidence.
In legal writing, 'external' often contrasts with 'internal' to distinguish the origin or source of influences, evidence, or jurisdictional authority.
/ˌɛkstɜːrnl ˈɔːdɪt/
The company appointed a firm to perform the external audit for the fiscal year.
An external audit emphasizes independence from the entity being audited, crucial for unbiased financial verification in legal and regulatory contexts.
/ˌɛksˈtɜrnəl ˈɔːdɪtər/
The external auditor issued an unqualified opinion after reviewing the company's accounts.
The term specifically denotes auditors outside the organization, crucial for maintaining objectivity in financial oversight.
The company implemented external controls to comply with environmental laws.
External controls commonly refer to legal or regulatory measures applied by outside entities rather than internal governance mechanisms.
/ˌɛkstərnəl ˈkaʊnsəl/
The corporation hired external counsel to handle its merger litigation.
External counsel typically refers to legal professionals not employed directly by the client but engaged on a contract or case basis, often for specialized expertise or to supplement internal legal resources.
/ɪkˈstɜːrnəl dɛt/
The government's external debt increased significantly after the international loan was secured.
External debt is often a critical factor in sovereign credit assessments and may be subject to specific international legal frameworks.
/ɪkˈstɜrnəl ˈfæktərz/
The court considered external factors such as economic conditions when adjudicating the contract dispute.
External factors in legal contexts often justify adjustments in contractual performance or are considered in risk assessment and case analysis.
/ɪksˈtɜːrnəl ˈɡʌvərnəns/
External governance ensures that companies comply with regulatory standards imposed by government agencies.
Often contrasted with internal governance, external governance focuses on constraints and influences imposed from outside the organization, useful to clarify in drafting to avoid conflation.
/ɪkˈstɜːrnəl rɪˈvjuː/
The insured requested an external review after the insurer denied her claim.
External review panels provide an impartial assessment of disputes between patients and health plans.
External review mechanisms are critical safeguards in administrative and insurance law, offering a neutral reassessment distinct from internal processes.
/ɛksˈtɜːrnəl sɪˈkjʊərəti/
The government increased its external security to prevent cross-border terrorism.
External security protocols were updated to guard against cyber attacks from foreign sources.
Legal texts distinguish external security often in context of national sovereignty and cybersecurity law; careful specification is needed to clarify which sphere—physical defense or information security—is intended.
/ɪkˌstɜːrˈnælɪti/
Pollution from a factory is a negative externality that harms nearby residents.
Externalities commonly arise in environmental law and economic regulation; legal rules often aim to internalize these costs or benefits to align private incentives with social welfare.
/ˈɛks.tɜːrn.ʃɪp/
She completed an externship at the public defender's office to gain courtroom experience.
An externship differs from an internship by typically being more closely supervised and often integrated into academic credit requirements.
/ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/
The extinction of the debt was confirmed when the creditor accepted full payment.
The extinction of the company occurred when it was formally liquidated by the court.
In legal contexts, extinction denotes the complete end or cancellation of rights or obligations, distinct from suspension or limitation.
/ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/
The debt was extinguished upon full payment by the debtor.
The firefighters succeeded in extinguishing the blaze before it caused further damage.
In legal drafting, 'extinguish' often denotes the complete elimination of an obligation or right, requiring precise language to avoid ambiguity about whether partial or total cessation is intended.
/ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃmənt/
The extinguishment of the mortgage released the property from the lender’s claim.
The extinguishment of the lawsuit occurred after the parties reached a settlement.
Extinguishment typically denotes legal termination of rights or duties and differs from mere suspension; precision in specifying what is extinguished (e.g., lien, debt) is key in drafting.
/ˈekstərˌpeɪt/
The court sought to extirpate the defendant's fraudulent claims from the record.
Legislation was passed to extirpate discriminatory provisions from the statute books.
Extirpate is often used in legal contexts to denote total removal or eradication, especially of rights or doctrines; it implies more than mere cancellation—it denotes absolute destruction or elimination.
/ɪkˈstɔːrʃən/
The defendant was charged with extortion for threatening to reveal damaging information unless paid.
The official’s misuse of power amounted to extortion.
Extortion generally involves threats to cause harm or reveal information to compel payment or action; it is distinct from bribery where payment is offered voluntarily.
/ˈɛkstrækt/
The attorney reviewed an extract of the contract to highlight key obligations.
The plaintiff sought to extract specific clauses from the contract for review.
As a noun, 'extract' commonly refers to a summarized portion of a document; as a verb, it involves the act of obtaining or removing that portion, often for legal analysis or evidence.
/ˌɛks.trəˈdɪʃ.ən/
The government requested extradition of the suspect from a foreign country.
Extradition treaties often specify which offenses qualify for surrender.
Extradition involves both political and legal considerations; treaties often define procedural and substantive rules, making precise drafting important to cover applicable crimes and protections.
/ɪksˌtrædɪˈʃən ˈɒfɛns/
Murder is a common extradition offense accepted by most countries.
The term designates crimes for which a state formally requests an accused person from another state; typically codified in extradition treaties specifying applicable offenses.
/ˌɛk.strəˈdɪʃ.ən ˈtriː.ti/
The extradition treaty between the two nations facilitated the suspect's transfer to face trial abroad.
Extradition treaties are critical for international criminal law enforcement and must clearly specify offenses covered to avoid diplomatic disputes.
/ˌɛkstrəˈdʒuːdɪʃəl ˈækʃən/
The company was accused of carrying out extrajudicial actions against its former employees.
Extrajudicial actions by law enforcement have raised serious human rights concerns.
Use with caution as extrajudicial actions often imply illegality or lack of procedural fairness.
/ˌɛkstrəˈdʒuːdɪʃəl ˈkɪlɪŋ/
The international community condemned the extrajudicial killing of the political dissident.
Extrajudicial killings are often scrutinized under international human rights law, emphasizing the necessity of legal procedures before deprivation of life.
/ˌɛkstrəˈdʒuːdɪʃəl ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/
The report condemned the use of extrajudicial punishment by security forces.
Extrajudicial punishment typically implies action taken without legal safeguards, often raising human rights concerns.
/ˈɛkstrəˌnɛt/
The law firm set up an extranet to securely share case files with its clients.
In legal drafting, specifying access controls and confidentiality protocols for extranets is essential to protect sensitive information.
/ɪkˈstrɔːrdəˌnɛri/
The court granted extraordinary relief due to the unique facts of the case.
In legal drafting, ‘extraordinary’ often qualifies relief or writs that are unavailable under normal procedural rules, emphasizing rarity and exceptional necessity.
/ɪkˈstrɔːrdənɛri ˈmiːtɪŋ/
The board called an extraordinary meeting to vote on the merger proposal.
An extraordinary meeting differs from regular meetings by its unscheduled nature and urgency; ensure the organization's bylaws authorize such meetings when drafting governance documents.
/ˌɛkstrətəˈrɛstriəl ˈprɒpərti/
The treaty prohibits any nation from claiming extraterrestrial property on the Moon.
The concept of extraterrestrial property is governed principally by international space law, which generally forbids national appropriation of celestial bodies, making property claims complex and highly regulated.
/ˌɛkstrətəˈrɪtɔːriəl ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/
The court considered the extraterritorial application of antitrust laws to foreign companies operating overseas.
Extraterritorial application often raises complex issues of sovereignty and comity in cross-border legal disputes; drafters should clarify scope and limits explicitly.
/ˌɛkstrətəˌrɪtɔːriəl dʒʊərɪsdɪkʃən/
The country asserted extraterritorial jurisdiction over crimes committed by its nationals abroad.
Extraterritorial jurisdiction often raises complex issues of international law and state sovereignty, requiring clear statutory or treaty basis.
/ˌɛkstrəˌtɛrɪˈtɔːriˌælɪti/
The treaty limits extraterritoriality to cases involving national security.
Diplomatic extraterritoriality protects embassy staff from local prosecution.
Extraterritoriality is often context-dependent; clarity in treaties or statutes is crucial to define its scope explicitly.
/ɪkˈstriːmɪzəm/
The government enacted laws to combat extremism and protect democratic institutions.
The suspect was charged with promoting extremism through his speeches.
In legal contexts, extremism often relates to preventing violence or protecting democratic principles; definitions may vary across jurisdictions.
/ɪkˈstrɪnsɪk ˈɛvɪdəns/
The court admitted extrinsic evidence to clarify the ambiguous contract terms.
Extrinsic evidence was presented to demonstrate the parties' intent.
Extrinsic evidence is typically admissible when the written document is ambiguous or incomplete; drafters should clearly specify applicable evidence rules to avoid uncertainty.
/ɪkˈstrɪnzɪk ˈvæljuː/
The extrinsic value of the option increased when the underlying stock’s price rose.
Often contrasted with intrinsic value, extrinsic value is crucial in contractual and financial contexts to evaluate rights dependent on external factors.
