BI glossary terms

Browse full definitions for every BI term in the Amicus glossary.

Bias

/ˈbaɪəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A preconceived opinion or prejudice that prevents impartial judgment, especially in legal contexts such as jury decisions or judicial conduct.
    The judge recused herself from the case due to potential bias.
  2. (n.) An inclination or predisposition to favor one party or outcome over another, potentially affecting fairness in trials or arbitration.
    The lawyer argued that there was bias in the witness's testimony.

Forms

  • biases

Commentary

In legal drafting, explicitly addressing potential bias is crucial to ensuring fairness; identifying and remedying bias helps uphold due process.


Bias Crime

/ˈbaɪəs kraɪm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A criminal offense motivated by bias or prejudice toward a protected characteristic such as race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or disability.
    The defendant was charged with a bias crime for targeting victims based on their ethnicity.

Forms

  • bias crime
  • bias crimes

Commentary

Bias crimes often carry enhanced penalties; precise definitions vary by jurisdiction, requiring careful specification of protected classes.


Bias-Motivated Crime

/ˈbaɪəs ˈmoʊtɪˌveɪtɪd kraɪm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A criminal act committed against a person or property motivated by prejudice or hostility towards the victim's race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability, or other protected characteristic.
    The defendant was charged with a bias-motivated crime for vandalizing the synagogue.

Forms

  • bias-motivated crime

Commentary

Bias-motivated crime often involves enhanced penalties under hate crime statutes; distinguishing motive is crucial in prosecution and sentencing.


Bias-Motivated Harassment

/ˈbaɪəs ˈmoʊtɪˌveɪtɪd ˌhærəsˈsmɛnt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Hostile or discriminatory conduct directed at an individual because of actual or perceived membership in a protected class, such as race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation.
    The plaintiff alleged bias-motivated harassment by coworkers targeting her ethnicity.

Forms

  • bias-motivated harassment

Commentary

Typically considered under civil rights law and employment law, bias-motivated harassment often informs classification of hate crimes and hostile work environment claims.


Biased Jury

/ˈbaɪəst ˈdʒʊəri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A jury whose impartiality is compromised by prejudice, preconceptions, or external influences, affecting fair trial rights.
    The defendant requested a new trial due to the presence of a biased jury.

Forms

  • biased jury

Commentary

In drafting, emphasize the importance of ensuring juror impartiality to uphold due process; challenges for cause often arise from suspected bias.


Biased Question

/ˈbaɪəst ˈkwɛs.tʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A question framed to elicit a particular response, thereby influencing testimony or evidence unduly.
    The lawyer objected, arguing that it was a biased question designed to mislead the witness.

Forms

  • biased questions

Commentary

Biased questions often arise in cross-examination; avoiding them is crucial to maintaining fairness in legal proceedings.


Bibliography

/ˌbɪb.liˈɑː.ɡrə.fi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A systematically organized list of books, articles, and other sources used or referenced in legal writing or research.
    The legal scholar included a comprehensive bibliography at the end of her article.

Commentary

In legal drafting, a bibliography must be precise and comprehensive to uphold scholarly integrity and avoid plagiarism.


Bicameral

/ˌbaɪˈkæmərəl/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Relating to a legislative body composed of two separate chambers or houses.
    The United States Congress is a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Commentary

In legal drafting, specifying 'bicameral' clarifies the structure of lawmaking bodies and the division of legislative power between chambers.


Bicameral Legislature

/ˌbaɪˈkæmərəl ˈlɛdʒɪsˌleɪʧər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legislative body composed of two separate chambers or houses, often an upper and a lower house, each with distinct powers and responsibilities.
    The United States Congress is a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Forms

  • bicameral legislature
  • bicameral legislatures

Commentary

The term highlights the structural division of legislative authority, often used to balance representation and prevent abuse of power.


Bicameralism

/ˌbaɪˈkæm.əˌrəl.ɪzəm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legislative system with two separate chambers or houses, typically an upper and lower house.
    Bicameralism aims to provide checks and balances within the legislature.

Forms

  • bicameralisms

Commentary

Bicameralism is often contrasted with unicameralism; drafting legislation within bicameral systems requires coordination between both chambers.


Bid

/bɪd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal offer to perform work or supply goods at a specified price, typically submitted in response to a solicitation such as a tender or auction.
    The company submitted the lowest bid for the government contract.
  2. (v.) To submit a formal offer to undertake a contract or supply goods at a stated price.
    They decided to bid on the construction project announced last week.

Forms

  • bids
  • bidding

Commentary

In legal contexts, a bid usually pertains to procurement or auction processes and should clearly specify the terms, conditions, and prices to avoid ambiguity.


Bid Assessment

/ˈbɪd əˌsɛs·mənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The systematic evaluation of proposals submitted by bidders to determine the most advantageous offer according to predefined legal and contractual criteria.
    The bid assessment concluded that Company A provided the best value for the project.

Forms

  • bid assessment
  • bid assessments

Commentary

Bid assessment must align with statutory procurement rules and ensure fairness and transparency to mitigate legal challenges.


Bid Bond

/ˈbɪd bɑnd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A surety bond issued by a bidder to guarantee the bidder will enter into the contract if awarded.
    The contractor submitted a bid bond along with the tender documents to assure the project's owner of performance commitment.

Forms

  • bid bond
  • bid bonds

Commentary

Bid bonds serve as a financial guarantee in procurement processes to protect owners against bidders who fail to honor bids.


Bid Eligibility

/ˈbɪd ɛlɪdʒɪˈbɪləti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The qualifications or criteria a party must satisfy to be allowed to submit a bid in a procurement or tendering process.
    The company's bid eligibility was confirmed after meeting all the stated requirements.

Forms

  • bid eligibility
  • bid eligibilities

Commentary

Bid eligibility criteria are often strictly defined in solicitation documents to ensure fair competition and legal compliance.


Bid Evaluation

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process of assessing and comparing bids submitted by contractors or suppliers to determine the most advantageous offer in procurement or contract award.
    The bid evaluation committee reviewed all submissions before awarding the contract.

Forms

  • bid evaluation
  • bid evaluations

Commentary

Bid evaluation involves both qualitative and quantitative criteria to ensure fairness and compliance with procurement rules.


Bid Price

/ˈbɪd ˌpraɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The highest price a buyer is willing to pay for a good, service, or asset in a legal contract or auction context.
    The bidder's bid price was the determining factor in awarding the government contract.

Forms

  • bid price
  • bid prices

Commentary

In legal contexts, bid price is critical for understanding obligations and rights in contracts and auctions where bidding is involved.


Bid Protest

/ˈbɪd prəˌtɛst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal objection filed by a bidder challenging the awarding of a government or private contract on grounds such as improper evaluation, procedure violations, or unfair practices.
    The company filed a bid protest alleging that the contract was awarded without proper evaluation.

Forms

  • bid protest
  • bid protests

Commentary

Bid protests are critical mechanisms in public procurement to ensure fairness and transparency; drafters should clearly specify grounds and deadlines for filing.


Bid Rigging

/ˈbɪd ˌrɪɡɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An illegal agreement among competitors to manipulate the bidding process to pre-determine the winner and inflate prices or limit competition.
    The company was fined for bid rigging in the government contract awards.

Commentary

Bid rigging is a common form of antitrust violation often prosecuted under competition law and involves explicit or implicit collusion among bidders.


Bid Selection

/ˈbɪd səˌlɛkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process by which a party, often a contracting authority, evaluates and chooses a bid or proposal based on predetermined criteria in competitive procurement or tendering.
    The bid selection was based on price, experience, and compliance with the contract specifications.

Forms

  • bid selection

Commentary

Bid selection typically requires clear criteria to ensure fairness and legal compliance in public procurement.


Bid Submission

/ˈbɪd səbˌmɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act or process of formally presenting a bid or proposal in response to a solicitation for contracts or services.
    The company's bid submission was evaluated alongside others to determine the best offer.

Forms

  • bid submission
  • bid submissions

Commentary

In drafting, clearly specify the deadline and requirements for bid submission to avoid disqualification.


Bid-Ask Spread

/ˈbɪd æsk sprɛd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept (ask) for an asset, relevant in securities and commodities trading.
    The bid-ask spread narrowed as market liquidity improved during the trading day.

Forms

  • bid-ask spread

Commentary

In legal contexts, understanding bid-ask spread aids in assessing fair market value and market manipulation issues.


Bid–ask Spread

/ˈbɪd æsk sprɛd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay for an asset and the lowest price a seller will accept, reflecting liquidity and transaction cost in financial markets.
    The bid–ask spread widened during market volatility, increasing trading costs for investors.

Forms

  • bid–ask spread
  • bid–ask spreads

Commentary

In legal contexts, the bid–ask spread can influence contractual terms related to financial transactions, securities trading, and valuation disputes.


Bidded

/ˈbɪdɪd/

Definitions

  1. (v.) Past tense of bid, meaning to offer a price or proposal in a legal or contractual context.
    The contractor bidded on the public works project last month.

Forms

  • bids
  • bidding
  • bid

Commentary

Used as the past tense form of 'bid'; 'bidded' is less common than 'bid' as past tense but accepted in legal drafting to indicate past offers or proposals.


Bidder

/ˈbɪdər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An individual or entity that submits a proposal or offer to undertake a contract, supply goods, or perform services, typically in response to an invitation to tender or auction.
    The highest bidder won the contract for the construction project.
  2. (n.) A party who participates in an auction by offering a price for an item or property.
    The bidder increased the offer to secure the property at auction.

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'bidder' primarily denotes a party making an offer in competitive processes such as auctions or public procurement; clarity about the bidding context enhances precision.


Bidder Eligibility

/ˈbɪdər ˌɛlɪdʒɪˈbɪləti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The qualifications or criteria that a party must meet to participate in a bidding process for a contract or procurement.
    The bidder eligibility requirements ensured only qualified companies submitted proposals.

Forms

  • bidder eligibility

Commentary

Bidder eligibility criteria are essential to maintain fairness and integrity in competitive bidding; they define legal and practical qualifications required to prevent unqualified participants.


Bidder Prequalification

/ˈbɪdər priːˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A process by which potential bidders are evaluated and approved as qualified to participate in a procurement or tender.
    The project required bidder prequalification to ensure only capable firms submitted proposals.

Forms

  • bidder prequalification
  • bidder prequalifications

Commentary

Bidder prequalification is typically used to streamline procurement by filtering out unqualified candidates early; drafting clarity is crucial to specify criteria and process.


Bidding

/ˈbɪdɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An offer or proposal to undertake work or supply goods at a specified price, especially in a competitive tendering process.
    The company's bidding for the government contract was successful.
  2. (v.) The act of making such an offer or proposal in an auction or tender process.
    She is bidding on the property at the auction.

Forms

  • bids (third-person singular verb)
  • bid (past tense and past participle)
  • bidding (gerund and present participle)

Commentary

Use 'bidding' to refer broadly to the process or action in contracts and auctions; differentiate from 'bid' as the single offer or act.


Bidding Process

/ˈbɪdɪŋ ˈprəʊsɛs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal procedure by which entities invite and evaluate offers to enter into contracts, typically for procurement or project work.
    The contracting authority initiated a competitive bidding process to select the most qualified vendor.

Forms

  • bidding process

Commentary

Ensure clarity in defining stages and criteria in bidding process clauses to avoid disputes over evaluation and award.


Biennial

/ˌbaɪˈɛn.i.əl/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Occurring every two years, often relating to the timing of legal events or statutory requirements.
    The biennial report must be submitted to the regulatory agency every two years.
  2. (n.) A statute, meeting, or event that occurs once every two years.
    The legislature holds a biennial session to discuss budgetary matters.

Commentary

Biennial is often used in legal drafting to specify timelines or periodic requirements; clarity whether it means 'every two years' or 'lasts two years' should be ensured by context.


Bifurcation

/ˌbaɪ.fɚˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The division of a legal proceeding into two separate issues to be tried separately.
    The court ordered a bifurcation to handle liability and damages in separate phases.
  2. (n.) A procedural device allowing a court to split a case for efficiency or fairness.
    Bifurcation can prevent jury confusion by isolating complex issues.

Forms

  • bifurcation
  • bifurcations

Commentary

Bifurcation is a strategic procedural tool often used to simplify complex litigation by separating issues such as liability and damages, helping to manage court resources and reduce jury confusion.


Big Data

/ˈbɪɡ ˈdeɪtə/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Extensive datasets whose volume, variety, and velocity require advanced methods for legal data management, privacy, and compliance analysis.
    The law firm uses big data analytics to identify patterns in regulatory violations.
  2. (n.) The legal field's consideration of privacy, security, and governance issues arising from the collection and use of large-scale digital information.
    Big data raises significant concerns under data protection laws and regulations.

Forms

  • big data

Commentary

In legal contexts, big data primarily concerns challenges related to privacy, consent, and compliance rather than the technical aspects of data management.


Bigamy

/ˈbɪɡəmi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The crime or act of marrying one person while legally married to another.
    He was charged with bigamy after marrying a second spouse without divorcing his first.

Forms

  • bigamies

Commentary

Bigamy is distinct from polygamy in that it involves sequential rather than simultaneous marriages and is generally prohibited by law.


Bigotry

/ˈbɪɡətri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Intolerance or prejudice against individuals or groups based on race, religion, ethnicity, gender, or other protected characteristics, often addressed under anti-discrimination laws.
    The lawsuit alleged that the employer’s bigotry led to discriminatory hiring practices.

Commentary

In legal contexts, bigotry is often linked to discriminatory behaviors prohibited by civil rights statutes; drafting should focus on manifestations affecting protected classes.


Bilateral

/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Involving two parties, especially states or entities, often concerning agreements or obligations.
    The countries signed a bilateral treaty to promote trade.
  2. (adj.) Binding on both sides in a contract or legal obligation.
    A bilateral contract imposes duties on both parties involved.

Commentary

Often used to describe treaties, contracts, or negotiations involving two parties; important to distinguish from unilateral or multilateral contexts.


Bilateral Agreement

/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl əˈɡriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legally binding contract between two parties or states outlining mutual rights and obligations.
    The two countries signed a bilateral agreement to enhance trade cooperation.

Forms

  • bilateral agreements

Commentary

Typically used in international law and commercial dealings, bilateral agreements emphasize reciprocity and mutual benefit between precisely two parties.


Bilateral Aid

/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl eɪd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Assistance provided mutually between two sovereign states, often in financial, technical, or military forms, based on reciprocal agreements.
    The two countries signed a bilateral aid agreement to support economic development.

Forms

  • bilateral aid
  • bilateral aids

Commentary

Bilateral aid emphasizes mutual agreement and cooperation between exactly two states, differing from multilateral aid involving multiple donors or entities.


Bilateral Air Agreement

/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl ɛər əˈɡriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A treaty or agreement between two countries regulating air services between their territories.
    The two nations signed a bilateral air agreement to facilitate commercial flights and establish routes.

Forms

  • bilateral air agreement
  • bilateral air agreements

Commentary

Bilateral air agreements are critical in international aviation law, ensuring mutual consent and regulation of air traffic; drafters should clearly specify rights, routes, and safety obligations.


Bilateral Air Service Agreements

/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl ɛər ˈsɜːrvɪs əˈɡriːmənts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Treaties between two countries regulating the commercial air transport services between their territories.
    The two nations negotiated new bilateral air service agreements to increase flight routes.

Forms

  • bilateral air service agreements

Commentary

Typically negotiated by national aviation authorities, these agreements define route rights, capacity, and market access, crucial for international air transport regulation.


Bilateral Contract

/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl ˈkɑntrækt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A contract involving mutual promises or obligations between two parties, each legally bound to fulfill their respective duties.
    The parties entered into a bilateral contract obligating both to deliver goods and payment.

Forms

  • bilateral contracts

Commentary

In drafting, clearly specify the reciprocal promises to avoid ambiguity over enforceability.


Bilateral Environmental Agreement

/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl əˈɡrimənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal agreement between two states or parties aimed at addressing environmental issues and ensuring mutual cooperation for environmental protection.
    The countries signed a bilateral environmental agreement to reduce cross-border pollution.

Forms

  • bilateral environmental agreement
  • bilateral environmental agreements

Commentary

Bilateral environmental agreements typically involve two parties and focus on specific regional or bilateral environmental concerns, distinguishing them from multilateral agreements involving multiple parties.


Bilateral Investment Treaty

/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl ɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈtriːti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A treaty between two countries establishing terms and protections for private investment by nationals and companies of one state in the territory of the other.
    The bilateral investment treaty between Country A and Country B includes provisions on dispute resolution and expropriation.

Forms

  • bilateral investment treaty
  • bilateral investment treaties

Commentary

Bilateral investment treaties typically grant investor protections such as fair and equitable treatment and are commonly used to promote foreign direct investment while providing legal remedies for investors.


Bilateral Talks

/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl tɔːks/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Negotiations conducted between two parties, typically sovereign states or legal entities, to resolve disputes or establish agreements.
    The two countries engaged in bilateral talks to settle their trade disagreements.

Forms

  • bilateral talks
  • bilateral talk

Commentary

Bilateral talks are a foundational mechanism in international law and diplomacy, emphasizing direct negotiation between two parties without external intermediaries.


Bilateral Trade Agreement

/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl treɪd əˈɡriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legally binding contract between two countries to regulate trade terms, tariffs, and economic cooperation.
    The bilateral trade agreement between the two nations reduced tariffs on manufactured goods.

Forms

  • bilateral trade agreement
  • bilateral trade agreements

Commentary

Such agreements require precise language to define obligations and dispute resolution mechanisms to prevent future conflicts.


Bilateral Treaty

/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl ˈtriːti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal agreement between two sovereign states establishing mutual rights and obligations.
    The bilateral treaty regulated trade tariffs between the two countries.

Forms

  • bilateral treaty
  • bilateral treaties

Commentary

Bilateral treaties contrast with multilateral treaties which involve more than two parties; clarity in specifying the parties ensures precise legal interpretation.


Bilaterally

/ˈbaɪˌlætərəli/

Definitions

  1. (adv.) In a manner involving two parties or sides, typically referring to agreements, negotiations, or actions requiring mutual consent or cooperation.
    The countries bilaterally negotiated the trade agreement to ensure mutual benefits.

Commentary

Used to emphasize mutual participation or consent between two parties; important in drafting contracts or treaties to clarify the scope of obligations and rights.


Bill

/ˈbɪl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A draft of a proposed law presented for legislative consideration.
    The bill was introduced in the legislature for debate.
  2. (n.) A written statement of charges for goods or services rendered.
    The restaurant presented the bill after the meal.
  3. (n.) A formal written order for payment of money, such as a promissory note or negotiable instrument.
    The company issued a bill of exchange to secure the debt.

Forms

  • bills

Commentary

In legal contexts, "bill" primarily denotes either legislative proposals or financial instruments; context is key to distinguishing these meanings.


Bill Analysis

/ˈbɪl əˌnæləsɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A detailed examination and explanation of a legislative bill's purpose, provisions, and potential impact.
    The legislative assistant prepared a bill analysis to inform the committee about the proposed law's effects.

Forms

  • bill analysis
  • bill analyses

Commentary

Bill analysis is crucial for legislators and stakeholders to understand and debate proposed laws effectively.


Bill Drafter

/ˈbɪl ˈdræftər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal professional who prepares and writes bills or legislative proposals for submission to a legislative body.
    The bill drafter carefully crafted the language to ensure clarity and legal accuracy.

Forms

  • bill drafter
  • bill drafters

Commentary

Precision in language is critical for bill drafters to avoid ambiguities in proposed laws.


Bill Drafting

/ˈbɪl ˈdræftɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process of composing and preparing a legislative bill for introduction to a legislative body.
    The committee specializes in bill drafting to ensure clarity and precision in proposed laws.

Forms

  • bill drafting

Commentary

Effective bill drafting requires legal precision and an understanding of legislative objectives to avoid ambiguity and ensure enforceability.


Bill of Costs

/ˈbɪl əv ˈkɒsts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A detailed statement of the expenses and fees that a party in a lawsuit claims from the opposing party for costs incurred during litigation.
    The plaintiff submitted a bill of costs requesting reimbursement for court fees and attorney expenses.

Forms

  • bill of costs
  • bills of costs

Commentary

A bill of costs must be itemized clearly to facilitate review and assessment by the court or the taxing officer.


Bill of Exchange

/ˈbɪl əv ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A written, unconditional order by one party (drawer) directing another (drawee) to pay a fixed sum to a third party (payee) at a specified future date or on demand.
    The company issued a bill of exchange to secure payment from its client.

Forms

  • bills of exchange

Commentary

Bills of exchange are fundamental negotiable instruments in commercial law, distinct from promissory notes by involving three parties and an order rather than a promise.


Bill of Lading

/ˈbɪl əv ˈleɪdɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A document issued by a carrier to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment, evidencing the contract of carriage and title to the goods.
    The shipper presented the bill of lading to claim the goods upon arrival.

Forms

  • bills of lading

Commentary

A bill of lading serves as a receipt, contract, and document of title, often negotiable; careful drafting is essential to clarify the carrier's and shipper's rights and obligations.


Bill of Rights

/ˈbɪl əv raɪts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal declaration of the fundamental rights and liberties guaranteed to the people, typically enshrined in a constitution or statutory document.
    The Bill of Rights protects freedom of speech and religion.
  2. (n.) A legislative proposal or draft outlining specific rights or protections for consideration by a governing body.
    The senator introduced a bill of rights to safeguard consumer privacy.

Forms

  • bills of rights

Commentary

In legal drafting, a Bill of Rights usually refers to a foundational document specifying guaranteed rights, distinct from ordinary legislative bills; precise terminology avoids conflating these concepts.


Bill of Sale

/ˈbɪl əv ˈseɪl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A written document that transfers ownership of personal property from seller to buyer.
    The buyer received a bill of sale as proof of ownership for the used car.

Forms

  • bill of sale
  • bills of sale

Commentary

A bill of sale primarily evidences transfer of title in goods, distinct from deeds that apply to real property.


Billable Expense

/ˈbɪləbəl ɪkˈspɛns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An expense incurred by a service provider that is charged to the client separately from fees for professional services.
    The law firm itemized the billable expenses to the client, including court filing fees and courier charges.

Forms

  • billable expense
  • billable expenses

Commentary

Billable expenses must be clearly documented and authorized in client agreements to ensure proper recovery and avoid disputes.


Billable Hour

/ˈbɪləbl ˈaʊər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A unit of time representing one hour of work by a legal professional that can be charged to a client.
    The attorney recorded five billable hours for preparing the case brief.

Forms

  • billable hour
  • billable hours

Commentary

Billable hours are a standard basis for calculating legal fees, highlighting the importance of accurate time tracking in law firm billing practices.


Billboard

/ˈbɪlbɔːrd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A large outdoor board for displaying advertisements, regulated under zoning and sign laws.
    The city ordinance restricts the placement of billboards near residential zones.

Forms

  • billboards

Commentary

Billboards are subject to local and state regulations addressing size, location, and content to balance commercial speech with community aesthetics.


Billing and Collection

/ˈbɪlɪŋ ænd kəˈlɛkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process of preparing and sending invoices for services or goods, and the subsequent recovery of payment.
    The company's billing and collection department ensures all client invoices are issued promptly and payments are followed up.

Forms

  • billing and collection
  • billing and collections
  • billings and collections

Commentary

In legal contexts, billing and collection often intertwines contract terms with enforcement of payment obligations; precise contract clauses can influence collection strategies.


Billing Arrangement

/ˈbɪlɪŋ əˌreɪndʒmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An agreement detailing the method, schedule, and responsibilities for payment of fees or charges under a contract or service provision.
    The contract specifies the billing arrangement to ensure timely payments.

Forms

  • billing arrangement
  • billing arrangements

Commentary

Billing arrangements often require clear specification to avoid disputes and ensure enforceability within commercial contracts.


Billing Code

/ˈbɪlɪŋ koʊd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A numeric or alphanumeric identifier assigned to specific services or procedures for billing and reimbursement purposes in legal and healthcare contexts.
    The lawyer referenced the billing code to itemize the legal consultation fees on the invoice.

Forms

  • billing code
  • billing codes

Commentary

Billing codes require accuracy to ensure proper reimbursement and reduce disputes in legal and medical billing.


Billing Cycle

/ˈbɪlɪŋ ˈsaɪkəl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A recurring period during which charges are calculated and invoices generated for services or goods provided.
    The billing cycle for the utility company runs from the first to the last day of each month.

Forms

  • billing cycle
  • billing cycles

Commentary

In contract drafting, clearly defining the billing cycle period helps prevent disputes about payment timing and amounts.


Billing Dispute

/ˈbɪlɪŋ dɪsˌpjuːt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal disagreement regarding the amount, accuracy, or validity of a charge in an invoice or bill, often resolved through negotiation or legal proceedings.
    The customer initiated a billing dispute after noticing unauthorized charges on the invoice.

Forms

  • billing dispute
  • billing disputes

Commentary

Billing disputes often require clear documentation and prompt communication to resolve efficiently, and may implicate contract terms and consumer protection laws.


Billing Fraud

/ˈbɪlɪŋ frɔːd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The intentional submission of false or fraudulent invoices or billing statements to obtain unwarranted payment.
    The company was investigated for billing fraud after submitting charges for services never rendered.

Forms

  • billing fraud

Commentary

Billing fraud is often prosecuted under statutes addressing false claims; precise documentation is critical in investigation and litigation.


Billing Management

/ˈbɪlɪŋ ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The systematic process of tracking, invoicing, and collecting payment for legal services rendered or products sold under contractual agreements.
    The law firm's billing management system ensures timely client invoicing and payment processing.

Forms

  • billing management

Commentary

In legal contexts, billing management often requires compliance with ethical rules on client trust accounts and transparency in fee disclosures.


Billing Period

/ˈbɪlɪŋ ˈpɪəriəd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The recurring span of time for which charges or fees are calculated and billed, typically in contracts or service agreements.
    The billing period for the electricity service is monthly, ending on the last day of each month.

Forms

  • billing period
  • billing periods

Commentary

The term is primarily used in contexts involving periodic financial obligations and should be clearly defined in contracts to specify the timing and frequency of charges.


Billing Policy

/ˈbɪlɪŋ ˈpɒlɪsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal set of rules established by an organization outlining how charges for services or products are calculated, invoiced, and collected.
    The billing policy clearly states the payment deadlines and penalties for late fees.
  2. (n.) Policy terms in contracts or agreements specifying payment procedures between parties.
    The contract’s billing policy requires invoicing within 30 days of service delivery.

Forms

  • billing policy
  • billing policies

Commentary

Billing policies should be drafted with clarity to avoid disputes over payment responsibilities and timing.


Billing Rate

/ˈbɪlɪŋ reɪt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The amount charged by a professional, typically a lawyer or consultant, for one hour of service.
    The attorney's billing rate for the case was $300 per hour.

Forms

  • billing rate
  • billing rates

Commentary

In legal contexts, billing rates are frequently negotiated and documented in fee agreements; clarity in specifying the rate and applicable circumstances is essential to avoid disputes.


Billing Record

/ˈbɪlɪŋ ˈrɛkərd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A documented record detailing charges and payments related to legal services or transactions.
    The attorney reviewed the billing record to verify the hours charged for the case.

Forms

  • billing record
  • billing records

Commentary

Billing records must be clear and accurate to support legal fee disputes or audits.


Billing Statement

/ˈbɪlɪŋ ˈsteɪtmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A document itemizing charges for goods or services provided, serving as a formal request for payment in legal and commercial contexts.
    The creditor sent a billing statement detailing the outstanding balance and payment due date.

Forms

  • billing statement
  • billing statements

Commentary

In legal drafting, ensure clarity in what charges are included and the payment terms, as billing statements can be evidence in disputes over payments.


Bind

/bɪnd/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To impose a legal obligation or duty on a party making them legally responsible.
    The contract will bind both parties to its terms.
  2. (v.) To restrict or limit by legal force or agreement.
    The precedent binds courts within the same jurisdiction.

Forms

  • binds
  • binding
  • bound

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'bind' emphasizes enforceability and the creation of duties, often requiring clear expression of intent to bind parties.


Binde

/ˈbɪndə/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal bond or obligation binding parties to perform duties or refrain from actions.
    The debtor entered into a binde to ensure repayment of the loan.

Commentary

The term 'binde' primarily refers to a binding agreement or obligation in legal contexts, often used in older or specialized legal texts.


Binding Agreement

/ˈbaɪndɪŋ əˈɡriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legally enforceable contract obligating the parties to perform specified duties.
    The parties entered into a binding agreement to finalize the sale of the property.

Forms

  • binding agreements

Commentary

Often used interchangeably with 'enforceable contract'; emphasis is on the legal obligation to adhere to the terms.


Binding Arbitration

/ˈbaɪndɪŋ ˌɑːrbɪˈtreɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A dispute resolution process where the arbitrator's decision is final and legally enforceable, limiting judicial review.
    The parties agreed to binding arbitration to settle their contract dispute rather than going to court.

Commentary

Binding arbitration is favored to avoid lengthy court proceedings, but draft clauses precisely to clarify scope and enforceability of the arbitrator's award.


Binding Contract

/ˈbaɪndɪŋ ˈkɒntrækt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legally enforceable agreement between parties that obligates them to perform specified duties or refrain from certain acts.
    The parties entered into a binding contract that required delivery of goods by the agreed date.

Forms

  • binding contract
  • binding contracts

Commentary

The term 'binding contract' emphasizes enforceability, distinguishing it from agreements lacking legal effect.


Binding Decision

/ˈbaɪndɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A final and enforceable determination issued by a competent authority that obliges the parties to comply.
    The arbitration panel issued a binding decision that both parties must follow.

Forms

  • binding decisions

Commentary

A binding decision differs from advisory opinions by its enforceability; drafters should clarify the issuing authority's power when using this term.


Binding Precedent

/ˈbaɪn.dɪŋ ˈprɛs.ə.dɛnt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A judicial decision that must be followed by lower courts in future cases involving similar facts or legal issues.
    The ruling set a binding precedent that lower courts were obligated to follow.

Forms

  • binding precedents

Commentary

Binding precedents are fundamental in common law systems, ensuring consistency and predictability; drafters should distinguish them clearly from persuasive precedents.


Binding Rule

/ˈbaɪndɪŋ ruːl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal principle or regulation that courts or parties must follow and enforce.
    The court held that the arbitration clause was a binding rule governing dispute resolution.
  2. (n.) A rule within a legal agreement or contract that imposes obligations on the parties involved.
    The binding rule in the contract required both parties to submit to mediation before litigation.

Forms

  • binding rules

Commentary

In drafting, it is important to distinguish binding rules—mandatory legal requirements—from non-binding guidelines to clarify enforceability.


Bindingness

/ˈbaɪndɪŋnəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The quality or state of being legally obligatory or enforceable.
    The bindingness of the contract ensures both parties must fulfill their obligations.

Commentary

Bindingness is a key factor in determining whether legal instruments impose duties that courts will enforce; clarity in drafting can help establish bindingness.


Biobank

/ˈbaɪoʊˌbæŋk/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A repository that collects, stores, and manages biological samples and associated data for research and legal purposes.
    The biobank provided crucial genetic data for the clinical trial.

Forms

  • biobank
  • biobanks

Commentary

In legal drafting, clearly define the scope of consent and data usage terms related to biobanks to ensure compliance with privacy laws.


Biodiversity

/ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The variety and variability of life forms within a given ecosystem, region, or the entire Earth, recognized and protected under environmental and conservation laws.
    The treaty aims to preserve biodiversity through habitat protection and sustainable resource use.

Forms

  • biodiversity

Commentary

In legal contexts, biodiversity often underpins statutes and treaties focused on conservation and sustainable use; precise definitions may vary by jurisdiction.


Biodiversity Law

/ˌbaɪ.oʊ.dɪˈvɜːr.sɪ.ti lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of laws and regulations aimed at conserving biological diversity and regulating the sustainable use of natural resources.
    Biodiversity law plays a crucial role in protecting endangered species and habitats.

Forms

  • biodiversity law

Commentary

Often involves international treaties and national statutes; drafters should ensure clear definitions for biological diversity components and regulatory scope.


Biodiversity Treaty

/ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsɪti ˈtriːti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An international agreement aimed at conserving biological diversity, promoting sustainable use of its components, and ensuring fair sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.
    The Biodiversity Treaty provides a framework for countries to cooperate in protecting ecosystems worldwide.

Forms

  • biodiversity treaty
  • biodiversity treaties

Commentary

The term specifically refers to treaties with objectives aligned to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use; draft carefully to distinguish from general environmental treaties.


Bioequivalence

/ˌbaɪoʊˌɛkwɪˈvələns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal and scientific standard determining that two pharmaceutical products have equivalent bioavailability and thereby similar efficacy and safety profiles.
    Regulatory agencies require bioequivalence studies before approving generic drugs.

Forms

  • bioequivalence

Commentary

Bioequivalence is crucial in pharmaceutical law to ensure generics perform similarly to branded drugs without requiring duplicative clinical trials.


Bioethics

/ˌbaɪoʊˈɛθɪks/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The study of ethical issues and legal regulations arising from advances in biology and medicine, especially concerning patients' rights, medical research, and biotechnological innovations.
    Bioethics guides legal frameworks on informed consent and end-of-life decisions.

Commentary

In legal contexts, bioethics often intersects with regulatory considerations and public policy, emphasizing both ethical principles and enforceable legal standards.


Bioethics Board

/ˌbaɪ.oʊˈɛθ.ɪks bɔrd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A committee that reviews ethical issues and compliance in research involving human subjects to ensure protection of participants and adherence to legal standards.
    The bioethics board approved the clinical trial protocols before the study commenced.

Forms

  • bioethics board
  • bioethics boards

Commentary

Bioethics boards are critical in research governance, ensuring ethical and legal compliance; their scope and authority may vary by jurisdiction.


Biohazard

/ˈbaɪoʊˌhæzərd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A substance or biological agent that poses a threat to human health or the environment, regulated in law for safety and disposal.
    The facility must comply with regulations for handling biohazards to prevent contamination.

Forms

  • biohazard

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'biohazard' typically appears in environmental, occupational safety, and health regulations, emphasizing regulated handling, labeling, and disposal to minimize risk.


Biologic Product

/ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪk ˈprɒdʌkt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A product derived from living organisms used in the prevention, treatment, or cure of diseases, regulated under specific legal frameworks such as the Public Health Service Act in the U.S.
    The FDA approved the biologic product after rigorous clinical testing.

Forms

  • biologic product
  • biologic products

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'biologic product' often refers to complex medicines distinct from chemically synthesized drugs, emphasizing regulatory differences under health laws.


Biological

/ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Relating to biology or living organisms, often used in legal contexts concerning biotechnology, genetic material, and environmental regulations.
    The patent office reviewed the biological material involved in the invention.

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'biological' commonly qualifies matters involving living organisms or organic materials, frequently appearing in intellectual property and environmental law contexts.


Biological Agent

/ˌbaɪəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl ˈeɪdʒənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A microorganism, virus, or toxin that can cause disease or harm to humans, animals, or plants, often regulated under laws governing public health and safety.
    The government imposed strict controls on the possession of certain biological agents to prevent bioterrorism.
  2. (n.) An agent classified as a weapon under international law due to its potential use in biological warfare or bioterrorism.
    The use of biological agents in warfare is prohibited under the Biological Weapons Convention.

Forms

  • biological agent
  • biological agents

Commentary

The term often appears in contexts involving public health regulation, international law, and biodefense; legal definitions may vary slightly depending on jurisdiction and purpose.


Biological Diversity

/ˌbaɪəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl daɪˈvɜːrsəti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The variety and variability of life forms within a given ecosystem, region, or on the entire Earth, recognized and protected under environmental and conservation law.
    International treaties aim to preserve biological diversity by regulating the use of natural resources.

Forms

  • biological diversity

Commentary

Legal definitions of biological diversity often emphasize its protection through treaties and statutes, highlighting the term's role in environmental and conservation law contexts.


Biological Evidence

/ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl ˈɛvɪdəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Physical or biological material collected at a crime scene used to link a suspect or victim to the crime through scientific analysis.
    The forensic team collected biological evidence, including blood samples, from the crime scene.

Commentary

Biological evidence typically refers to organic materials useful in investigations, such as blood, hair, or bodily fluids, and is often subject to strict handling protocols to preserve integrity.


Biological Hazard

/ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈhæzərd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A risk or danger originating from biological agents, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or other organisms, that may cause harm to health or the environment.
    The workplace instituted strict protocols to manage exposure to biological hazards during the pandemic.

Forms

  • biological hazard
  • biological hazards

Commentary

In legal contexts, biological hazards often implicate regulatory compliance and liability concerns, especially in workplace safety and environmental statutes.


Biological Markers

/ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈmɑːrkərz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Measurable indicators found in biological specimens used as evidence or proof in legal contexts, such as identifying evidence in forensic investigations or establishing medical conditions relevant to legal claims.
    The court accepted the biological markers as reliable evidence to link the suspect to the crime scene.

Forms

  • biological markers
  • biological marker

Commentary

Biological markers in law often overlap with forensic and medical evidence; careful definition and validation are essential for admissibility in court.


Biological Materials Regulation

/ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈmætɪriəlz ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of laws, regulations, and guidelines governing the use, transfer, storage, and handling of biological materials such as tissues, cells, and genetic resources to ensure ethical, safety, and legal compliance.
    The research laboratory must comply with biological materials regulation to legally handle human tissue samples.

Forms

  • biological materials regulation

Commentary

This term encompasses regulations across various jurisdictions that address the ethical and safety aspects of handling biological substances, often intersecting with bioethics and intellectual property law.


Biological Patent

/ˌbaɪ.əˈlɒdʒɪ.kəl ˈpæt.ənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A patent granted for inventions involving biological material or processes, such as genes, microorganisms, or genetically modified organisms.
    The company obtained a biological patent to protect its genetically engineered crop.
  2. (n.) A form of intellectual property right allowing exclusive commercial exploitation of a biological invention for a limited time.
    Filing a biological patent is crucial for securing investment in biotech innovation.

Forms

  • biological patents

Commentary

Biological patents can be controversial due to ethical concerns; careful drafting is needed to define the scope of biological inventions clearly.


Biological Product

/ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈprɒdʌkt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A product derived from living organisms used for prevention, treatment, or cure of diseases, regulated under specific legal frameworks such as the Public Health Service Act.
    The FDA approved the biological product for immunization against the virus.

Forms

  • biological product
  • biological products

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'biological product' often involves distinct regulatory pathways differing from chemical drugs, emphasizing the source and manufacturing process; drafters should specify regulatory frameworks to avoid ambiguity.


Biological Warfare

/ˌbaɪəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl ˈwɔːrˌfɛər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The use of biological agents, such as viruses or toxins, as weapons in armed conflict or terrorism to cause disease or death.
    International law prohibits the use of biological warfare due to its indiscriminate and catastrophic effects.
  2. (n.) A subject of law regulating the development, stockpiling, and deployment of biological weapons under treaties like the Biological Weapons Convention.
    The treaty aims to enforce compliance with bans on biological warfare among member states.

Forms

  • biological warfare

Commentary

Legal discussions of biological warfare often focus on its regulation under international humanitarian law and arms control treaties.


Biological Weapons

/ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈwɛpənz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Weapons that employ biological agents such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins to cause disease or death in humans, animals, or plants, often regulated under international law.
    The use of biological weapons is prohibited under the Biological Weapons Convention.

Forms

  • biological weapons
  • biological weapon

Commentary

Legal definitions often arise in arms control treaties; precision is needed to distinguish from chemical or nuclear weapons.


Biological Weapons Convention

/ˌbaɪəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl ˈwɛpənz kənˈvɛnʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An international treaty banning the development, production, and stockpiling of biological and toxin weapons.
    The Biological Weapons Convention prohibits the use of harmful biological agents in warfare.

Forms

  • biological weapons convention

Commentary

Often referenced in arms control and international law contexts; precise treaty obligations should be verified with current treaty texts.


Biologics

/ˌbaɪoʊˈlɑːdʒɪks/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Medicinal products derived from living organisms, regulated under specific legal frameworks for safety and efficacy.
    The FDA approved new biologics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Forms

  • biologics
  • biologic

Commentary

The term biologics is often distinct from chemically synthesized drugs legally, subject to specialized regulatory pathways and intellectual property considerations.


Biologics License Application

/ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪks ˈlaɪsəns ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal request submitted to the FDA for approval to market a biologic product in the United States, containing data on its safety, purity, and potency.
    The pharmaceutical company filed a biologics license application to obtain marketing approval for the new vaccine.

Forms

  • biologics license application
  • biologics license applications

Commentary

The term is strictly regulatory and used chiefly in U.S. federal law governing biologic medical products.


Biomedical Device

/ˌbaɪoʊˈmɛdɪkəl dɪˈvaɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, or related article intended for medical use to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease or other conditions, subject to regulation under medical device law.
    The company must obtain FDA clearance before marketing its new biomedical device.

Forms

  • biomedical device
  • biomedical devices

Commentary

The term 'biomedical device' is broadly defined in medical device regulatory statutes and often overlaps with 'medical device'; care should be taken to align usage with applicable jurisdictional definitions.


Biomedical Ethics

/ˌbaɪoʊˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɛθɪks/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The field of study addressing ethical issues arising from biomedical research, medical practice, and healthcare law.
    The hospital's ethics committee reviewed the case to ensure compliance with biomedical ethics.

Forms

  • biomedical ethics

Commentary

Often intersects with law in regulating clinical trials, patient rights, and biotechnology; precise terminology helps in drafting policies and legal instruments.


Biomedical Law

/ˌbaɪoʊˈmɛdɪkəl lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The branch of law dealing with legal issues arising from medical, biological, and biotechnological fields.
    Biomedical law addresses ethical concerns in genetic research and patient rights.
  2. (n.) Regulations and statutes governing clinical trials, medical practice, and biotechnology patents.
    Compliance with biomedical law is essential for pharmaceutical companies conducting drug trials.

Commentary

Biomedical law often intersects with bioethics and healthcare regulations, requiring multidisciplinary understanding.


Biomedical Research

/ˌbaɪoʊˈmɛdɪkəl rɪˈsɜrtʃ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Systematic investigation aimed at understanding health, disease, and medical interventions, typically involving human subjects or biological materials.
    The university secured funding to advance biomedical research on cancer treatments.

Forms

  • biomedical research

Commentary

Biomedical research often intersects with legal requirements for human subject protection and regulatory compliance, emphasizing the importance of ethical review and informed consent in research design.


Biometric Data

/ˌbaɪoʊˈmɛtrɪk ˈdeɪtə/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Data derived from unique biological characteristics used to identify individuals.
    The company collects biometric data such as fingerprints and facial recognition scans for security purposes.
  2. (n.) Personal information protected under privacy laws due to its sensitive nature.
    Biometric data is subject to strict regulations under GDPR and other privacy statutes.

Forms

  • biometric data

Commentary

Biometric data often triggers specific legal protections due to its inherent link to individual identity; drafting should clearly specify the type of biometric data and its intended use to ensure compliance with privacy regulations.


Biometric Identification

/ˌbaɪəˈmɛtrɪk aɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process of verifying or identifying an individual based on unique biological traits such as fingerprints, facial features, iris patterns, or voice recognition, often used for security and authentication purposes in legal and regulatory contexts.
    The company implemented biometric identification to ensure only authorized personnel accessed sensitive information.

Forms

  • biometric identification

Commentary

Biometric identification requires careful consideration of privacy laws and data protection regulations due to the sensitive nature of biological data.


Biometrics

/ˌbaɪ.oʊˈmɛ.trɪks/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The measurement and statistical analysis of people’s unique physical and behavioral characteristics for identification and access control.
    The company uses biometrics to verify employee identities before granting access to secure areas.

Forms

  • biometrics

Commentary

In legal contexts, biometrics are often regulated due to privacy concerns and the sensitive nature of biometric data; ensure precise terminology distinguishing biometric data from biometric systems.


Biopiracy

/ˈbaɪoʊˌpaɪrəsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The unethical or unlawful appropriation of biological resources or indigenous knowledge, often without authorization or compensation.
    The company was accused of biopiracy for patenting a traditional plant used by local communities.

Forms

  • biopiracy

Commentary

Biopiracy commonly arises in contexts involving indigenous rights and intellectual property; precise definitions may vary across jurisdictions.


Biosafety

/ˌbaɪoʊˈseɪfti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal measures and protocols established to prevent unintentional exposure to biological agents and toxins in research, healthcare, and environmental contexts.
    The laboratory updated its biosafety procedures to comply with new federal regulations.

Forms

  • biosafety

Commentary

Biosafety in legal contexts often overlaps with regulatory compliance and public health statutes, especially in contexts involving genetically modified organisms and infectious agents.


Biosafety Law

/ˌbaɪ.oʊˈsɛf.ti lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A statutory framework regulating the safe handling, use, and release of genetically modified organisms and other potentially hazardous biological materials to protect human health and the environment.
    The biosafety law requires all laboratories handling genetically modified organisms to follow strict containment protocols.

Forms

  • biosafety law
  • biosafety laws

Commentary

Biosafety laws often integrate scientific standards into legal measures, balancing innovation with precaution.


Biosafety Regulations

/ˌbaɪoʊˈsɛfti ˌrɛɡjəˈleɪʃənz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal standards and rules designed to prevent unintentional harm or exposure to biological agents and hazardous materials in research, healthcare, and environmental contexts.
    The laboratory must comply with biosafety regulations to avoid biological contamination.

Forms

  • biosafety regulations
  • biosafety regulation

Commentary

Ensure clarity on the scope of organisms and materials covered; regulations often vary by jurisdiction and sector (e.g., labs vs agriculture).


Biosimilar

/ˈbaɪoʊˌsɪmələr/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A biologic medical product highly similar to an already approved reference product, with no clinically meaningful differences in safety or effectiveness.
    The FDA approved the biosimilar after confirming its equivalence to the original biologic drug.

Forms

  • biosimilar
  • biosimilars

Commentary

In legal contexts, biosimilars often involve complex patent and regulatory issues distinct from generic drugs due to the complexity of biologics.


Biospecimen

/ˈbaɪoʊˌspɛsɪmən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A biological sample, such as tissue, blood, or cells, collected for research or diagnostic purposes, often governed by legal regulations on consent and ownership.
    The biobank required documented consent before collecting the biospecimen for genetic analysis.

Forms

  • biospecimen
  • biospecimens

Commentary

In legal contexts, clear consent and ownership rights over biospecimens are critical to compliance with privacy and research laws.


Biotechnology

/ˌbaɪ.oʊˌtɛkˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The use of living organisms or their systems to develop or make products, particularly in medicine, agriculture, and environmental law contexts.
    The patent application for the new genetically modified seed highlights critical issues in biotechnology law.
  2. (n.) Legal field addressing the regulation, patenting, and ethical issues surrounding the manipulation of biological materials.
    Biotechnology law governs the approval process for bioengineered pharmaceuticals.

Commentary

In legal drafting, biotechnology often requires specificity about the scope—whether focused on patentability, regulatory compliance, or bioethical considerations.


Biotechnology Law

/ˌbaɪ.oʊˈtɛk.nə.lə.dʒi lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of law governing the use, development, and regulation of biological products and technologies.
    Biotechnology law addresses patenting issues related to genetic engineering.
  2. (n.) Legal framework covering ethical, safety, and intellectual property aspects of biotechnology.
    Regulations under biotechnology law aim to prevent misuse of genetic data.

Forms

  • biotechnology law

Commentary

Biotechnology law intersects multiple disciplines and requires precise drafting to balance innovation with ethical and safety concerns.


Biotechnology Regulation

/ˌbaɪ.oʊˈtɛk.nəˌlɑ.dʒi ˌrɛɡ.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of laws, regulations, and guidelines governing the development, testing, approval, and commercialization of biotechnological products and processes.
    Companies must comply with biotechnology regulation to market genetically modified organisms.
  2. (n.) Regulatory frameworks addressing ethical, safety, and environmental concerns arising from the use of biotechnology.
    Biotechnology regulation often includes risk assessment protocols to ensure environmental safety.

Forms

  • biotechnology regulation

Commentary

Biotechnology regulation covers multiple intersecting domains including health, environment, and intellectual property, requiring careful coordination among regulatory agencies.


Bioterrorism

/ˌbaɪoʊˈtɛrərɪzəm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The use or threat of biological agents to terrorize or coerce governments or populations for political or ideological purposes.
    The government enacted strict laws to prevent bioterrorism following the anthrax attacks.

Forms

  • bioterrorism
  • bioterrorisms

Commentary

Bioterrorism combines elements of criminal law, international law, and public health regulations; legal definitions often emphasize intent and the use of biological agents to cause harm or fear.


Biotoxin

/ˈbaɪ.oʊˌtɒk.sɪn/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A toxic substance produced by living organisms, significant in legal contexts of public health, environmental law, and product liability.
    The defendant was charged due to failure to warn consumers about the presence of a dangerous biotoxin in the product.

Forms

  • biotoxin
  • biotoxins

Commentary

Legal usage of 'biotoxin' often arises in regulation and liability cases concerning exposure to biological toxins affecting safety and health.


Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act

/ˌbaɪˈpɑːrtɪzən kæmˈpeɪn rɪˈfɔrm ækt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A U.S. federal law enacted in 2002 to regulate the financing of political campaigns, aimed at reducing the influence of unregulated 'soft money' and issue advocacy advertisements.
    The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act redefined the limits on campaign contributions and expenditures.

Forms

  • bipartisan campaign reform act
  • bipartisan campaign reform acts

Commentary

Commonly known as the McCain-Feingold Act; drafters should note its complex provisions on contribution limits and electioneering communications.


Bipolar Disorder

/ˈbaɪˌpoʊlər dɪˈsɔrdər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A mental health condition characterized by significant mood swings including emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression), relevant in legal contexts assessing competency, criminal responsibility, or disability claims.
    The court considered the defendant's bipolar disorder diagnosis when evaluating his mental state at the time of the offense.

Forms

  • bipolar disorder

Commentary

In legal drafting, specify the diagnostic status and effects on behavior as they impact legal responsibility or accommodations.


Birth Certificate

/ˈbɜrθ sərˌtɪfɪkət/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An official document issued by a government authority recording the birth of a child, including essential details such as date, place, and parentage.
    She obtained a copy of her birth certificate to apply for a passport.

Forms

  • birth certificates

Commentary

Ensure accuracy and completeness of details in a birth certificate, as it serves as primary proof of identity and citizenship in legal contexts.


Birth Register

/ˈbɜːrθ ˈrɛdʒɪstər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An official record maintained by a government or authorized entity documenting details of births occurring within its jurisdiction.
    The parents registered their child’s details in the birth register shortly after the delivery.

Forms

  • birth register
  • birth registers

Commentary

The birth register serves as the foundational document from which birth certificates are issued, and it must be maintained with accuracy for vital statistics and legal identity purposes.


Birth Registration

/ˈbɜrθ ˌrɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The official recording of a newborn's birth details by a government authority, creating a permanent legal record.
    The parents completed the birth registration at the local civil registry office.
  2. (n.) The legal process establishing the identity and citizenship of a person through documentation of their birth.
    Birth registration is essential for claiming citizenship rights and accessing public services.

Forms

  • birth registration

Commentary

Birth registration acts as a foundational legal tool to establish identity and nationality, often serving as a prerequisite for exercising civil rights.


Birthplace

/ˈbɜːrθˌpleɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The location where a person is born, often relevant to determining nationality or citizenship in legal contexts.
    The child’s birthplace determined their initial citizenship under the country’s laws.

Forms

  • birthplace
  • birthplaces

Commentary

Birthplace is a critical legal concept in nationality law, as it can establish citizenship rights by place of birth (jus soli). Drafting documents requiring proof of identity or nationality often explicitly request birthplace information.


Birthright

/ˈbɜːrθraɪt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal right or entitlement that a person possesses from birth, especially rights related to inheritance or citizenship.
    He claimed his birthright to the family estate under the will.
  2. (n.) The right of a person born in a particular place to citizenship or nationality of that place by virtue of birth.
    Citizenship by birthright ensures that anyone born within the country's borders is a citizen.

Forms

  • birthrights

Commentary

Birthright often arises in contexts of inheritance law and nationality law; its application can vary by jurisdiction, especially concerning citizenship rules like jus soli.


Bishop

/ˈbɪʃ.əp/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A high-ranking official in certain Christian churches who has authority over a diocese and can ordain clergy, with legal relevance in ecclesiastical law.
    The bishop issued a decree governing church property disputes.

Forms

  • bishop
  • bishops

Commentary

In legal contexts, the term 'bishop' primarily concerns ecclesiastical jurisdiction and the governance of church temporalities and personnel.

Glossary – BI Terms