CH glossary terms

Browse full definitions for every CH term in the Amicus glossary.

Chain

/ˈtʃeɪn/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A series of linked legal obligations or relationships forming a connected sequence.
    The trade agreements created a chain of contractual duties among the parties.
  2. (n.) Property consisting of a connected series of metal links used to restrain or secure persons or things, often in legal contexts like detainment or evidence control.
    The suspect was secured with a chain during transportation.
  3. (v.) To bind or secure with a chain or chains.
    They chained the evidence box to prevent tampering.

Forms

  • chains
  • chained
  • chaining

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'chain' may refer metaphorically to linked obligations or literally to physical restraints; context determines interpretation.


Chain Letter

/ˈtʃeɪn ˌlɛtər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A letter sent to multiple recipients, requesting recipients to forward copies to others, often to defraud or harass.
    The court ruled that the chain letter was a form of illegal lottery.

Forms

  • chain letter
  • chain letters

Commentary

Chain letters often raise legal issues under mail fraud and lottery statutes; careful drafting should clarify intent and avoid deceptive practices.


Chain of Command

/ˌtʃeɪn əv kəˈmænd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A hierarchical line of authority and responsibility within an organization, typically used in military and corporate governance contexts to designate who reports to whom.
    Orders must be followed according to the established chain of command.

Commentary

In legal drafting and organizational rules, precise definition of the chain of command clarifies liability and decision-making authority, especially in contexts of military discipline and corporate compliance.


Chain of Custody

/ˈtʃeɪn əv ˈkʌstədi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The documented and unbroken transfer of evidence or property from one person to another to ensure integrity for legal proceedings.
    The prosecution presented the chain of custody to prove the evidence was not tampered with.

Commentary

Precise documentation at each transfer point is critical to prevent challenges to evidence admissibility.


Chain of Events

/ˈtʃeɪn əv ɪˈvɛnts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A sequence of occurrences closely linked in time and causation, often used in tort or contract law to establish liability or breach.
    The plaintiff argued that the defendant’s negligence started a chain of events leading to the injury.

Commentary

In legal drafting, clarifying the link and foreseeability within a chain of events can be crucial for establishing liability or breaks in causation.


Chain of Title

/ˈtʃeɪn əv ˈtaɪtl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A chronological sequence of legal documents proving ownership of property.
    Before purchasing the property, the buyer reviewed the chain of title to confirm ownership.
  2. (n.) Documentation establishing a property's transfer history to ensure clear title.
    Title insurance protects against defects in the chain of title.

Forms

  • chain of titles

Commentary

A clear chain of title is essential to avoid disputes in property transactions; gaps or defects can cloud ownership.


Chair

/ˈtʃɛər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An officer who presides over a meeting, legislative assembly, or committee, responsible for maintaining order and ensuring adherence to rules.
    The chair called the meeting to order and guided the discussion.
  2. (n.) The position or office of the presiding officer; often used to denote the leadership role itself.
    She was appointed to the chair of the finance committee.

Forms

  • chairs

Commentary

In legal documents, 'chair' specifically denotes a presiding role, distinct from the physical object; context is key to interpretation.


Chairman

/ˈtʃɛərmən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An individual appointed or elected to preside over a meeting, board, committee, or organization, guiding discussions and ensuring orderly conduct.
    The chairman called the board meeting to order.
  2. (n.) The highest-ranking officer of a corporation's board of directors, responsible for leading the board and sometimes representing the corporation externally.
    The chairman of the board approved the merger agreement.

Forms

  • chairmen

Commentary

The role of chairman is often gendered; terms like chairperson have emerged to promote gender neutrality in legal and corporate contexts.


Chairmanship

/ˈtʃɛərmənʃɪp/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The position, duties, or period of service of a chairperson who presides over a meeting or organization.
    The chairmanship of the board requires impartiality and leadership.

Forms

  • chairmanships

Commentary

Often used to denote authority and responsibility in procedural contexts; clarity as to the scope of authority under chairmanship is advisable in governance documents.


Chairmen

Definitions

  1. (n.) Plural of chairman.
    The chairmen of various committees gathered to discuss the policy changes.

Forms

  • chairman

Commentary

Used as the plural form of 'chairman' referring to multiple individuals presiding over meetings or boards.


Chairperson

/ˈtʃɛərˌpɜːrsən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An individual who presides over meetings, committees, or assemblies, responsible for guiding discussion and maintaining order.
    The chairperson called the meeting to order and outlined the agenda.
  2. (n.) A corporate officer or board member who leads the board of directors, overseeing governance and strategic decisions.
    The chairperson of the board announced a new policy for shareholder engagement.

Forms

  • chairpersons

Commentary

The term 'chairperson' is used as a gender-neutral alternative to 'chairman'; it is widely accepted in legal contexts to promote inclusivity.


Chairwoman

/ˈtʃɛərˌwʊmən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A female presiding officer of a meeting, committee, board, or legislative body.
    The chairwoman called the meeting to order promptly at 10 a.m.

Forms

  • chairwomen

Commentary

The term specifically denotes a female officeholder serving as chair; gender-neutral alternatives include "chairperson" or "chair."


Chairwomen

Definitions

  1. (n.) Plural form of chairwoman: female chairs of a committee or organization.
    The chairwomen of the board convened the meeting promptly.

Forms

  • chairwoman

Commentary

The term is primarily a plural noun form; the substantive definition and usage norms are covered under "chairwoman."


Challenge

/ˈtʃæl.ɪndʒ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal objection to the legality or validity of a court proceeding, evidence, or a legal claim.
    The defendant raised a challenge to the admissibility of the evidence.
  2. (v.) To dispute the validity or legality of something, such as a court proceeding or evidence.
    The plaintiff challenged the jurisdiction of the court.
  3. (n.) A request for a judge or juror to be excused on grounds of bias or other disqualification.
    The attorney made a challenge for cause against the potential juror.

Forms

  • challenges
  • challenged
  • challenging

Commentary

Usage varies by context; in procedural law, 'challenge' often refers specifically to objections against jurors or evidence. Draft definitions should clarify the context—whether evidentiary, procedural, or substantive—to avoid ambiguity.


Challenge for Cause

/ˈtʃælɪndʒ fɔːr kɔːz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A procedural objection raised during jury selection to exclude a potential juror for a specific, legally valid reason.
    The attorney made a challenge for cause arguing the juror's bias was evident.

Forms

  • challenges for cause

Commentary

Challenges for cause require demonstration of specific prejudicial grounds, unlike peremptory challenges which need no justification.


Challenge to Jurisdiction

/ˈtʃælɪndʒ tuː ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A procedural objection raised to contest a court's authority to hear a case.
    The defendant filed a challenge to jurisdiction asserting the court lacked personal jurisdiction over him.

Forms

  • challenge to jurisdiction
  • challenges to jurisdiction

Commentary

A challenge to jurisdiction is typically raised early in litigation via a motion; it can target either personal or subject matter jurisdiction, and proper phrasing clarifies which jurisdiction is contested.


Chamber

/ˈtʃeɪmbər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A private room in a court where judges confer and hold deliberations.
    The judge retired to his chamber to deliberate on the verdict.
  2. (n.) A division of a legislative or deliberative assembly, such as the Senate or House of Representatives.
    The bill was debated extensively in the upper chamber.

Forms

  • chambers

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'chamber' often refers specifically to a judge's private office or a legislative body, distinct from the public courtroom or full legislative assembly.


Champion

/ˈtʃæm.pi.ən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person who advocates, defends, or supports a cause or another person in a legal or formal context.
    The attorney acted as a champion for the client's rights during the trial.

Forms

  • champions
  • championed
  • championing

Commentary

The term 'champion' in legal contexts often refers to one who ardently supports or defends a cause, differing from its general usage as a winner in competition.


Chance

/ˈtʃæns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An opportunity or possibility that something will happen, especially by risk or uncertainty.
    The contract was signed with the chance of market fluctuations taken into account.
  2. (n.) In legal context, the risk or likelihood that an event or consequence may occur, often relevant in assessing damages or liability.
    The court considered the chance of harm when awarding damages.

Forms

  • chances

Commentary

In legal drafting, clarify whether 'chance' refers to opportunity or risk to avoid ambiguity, especially in contract and tort contexts.


Chance Agreement

/ˈtʃæns əˈɡriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An agreement or concordance between parties or raters that can be attributed to random chance rather than intentional or substantive agreement.
    The statistical analysis revealed a high level of chance agreement between the two reviewers, indicating little true consensus.

Forms

  • chance agreements

Commentary

Chance agreement is often quantified in legal research or dispute contexts to distinguish true agreement from coincidental concordance, especially in evidentiary or evaluative settings.


Chancellor

/ˈʧænsələr/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A senior legal or administrative officer in certain governments or universities, often responsible for legal affairs or executive functions.
    The chancellor issued a directive regarding university governance.
  2. (n.) The head of the treasury department or finance ministry in some countries, overseeing fiscal policy.
    The chancellor announced new tax reforms aimed at economic growth.
  3. (n.) A judicial officer or judge, especially in a chancery court dealing with equity and trust law matters.
    The matter was referred to the chancellor for equitable relief.

Forms

  • chancellor

Commentary

The term 'chancellor' varies in legal usage by jurisdiction, commonly denoting senior officials in finance, judiciary, or academic administration; specify context to avoid ambiguity.


Chancellor of the Exchequer

/ˌtʃɑːnslər əv ði ɪksˈtʃɛkər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The British government minister responsible for economic and financial matters, including managing public revenue and expenditure.
    The Chancellor of the Exchequer announced the new fiscal policy in Parliament.

Forms

  • chancellor of the exchequer
  • chancellors of the exchequer

Commentary

Title specific to UK government; analogous roles may exist under different titles in other jurisdictions.


Chancery

/ˈtʃænsəri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court of equity distinct from courts of law, originally administering fairness and discretionary remedies.
    The dispute was brought before the chancery for equitable relief.
  2. (n.) The office or department of a chancellor, handling legal documents such as charters and patents.
    She submitted the deed to the chancery for official registration.

Forms

  • chancery

Commentary

In legal contexts, chancery typically refers to equity courts or offices managing formal legal instruments; historically significant in English and American legal systems.


Chancery Court

/ˈtʃænsəri kɔːrt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court with equity jurisdiction, traditionally handling matters such as trusts, estates, and fiduciary duties distinct from common law courts.
    The Chancery Court ruled on the dispute involving the trust fund.

Forms

  • chancery court
  • chancery courts

Commentary

The term historically contrasts with courts of law, emphasizing equitable remedies rather than legal ones.


Change

/ˈtʃeɪndʒ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act or process of making something different, especially altering contractual terms or legal conditions.
    The change in the contract required approval from both parties.
  2. (n.) Coins or small currency used as payment.
    He gave the cashier exact change for the purchase.
  3. (v.) To make or become different; to substitute or replace one thing with another, often applied in legal contexts such as amendments to documents or terms.
    The parties agreed to change the terms of their agreement.

Forms

  • changes
  • changed
  • changing

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'change' often refers to amendments or modifications but can also denote currency; context determines its specific application.


Change of Administration

/ˈtʃeɪndʒ əv ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The transition period when one government or administrative leadership is replaced by another, often changing policies and priorities.
    The change of administration led to a revision of the environmental regulations.

Forms

  • change of administration

Commentary

Often significant in contract clauses and regulatory compliance, a change of administration can trigger renegotiations or adjustments to legal obligations.


Change of Control

/ˈtʃeɪndʒ əv kənˈtroʊl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal or contractual provision triggered when ownership or controlling interest in a company or asset passes to another party.
    The contract includes a change of control clause that requires approval before transferring majority shares.
  2. (n.) In mergers and acquisitions, the event where one company gains decisive power over another’s management or assets.
    The change of control occurred when the acquiring firm purchased 51% of the target's stock.

Forms

  • change of control

Commentary

Change of control provisions often protect stakeholders by requiring consent or triggering payments upon shifts in corporate control.


Change of Ownership

/ˈtʃeɪndʒ əv ˈoʊnərʃɪp/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal process or event by which ownership of property or an asset is transferred from one party to another.
    The change of ownership must be recorded with the appropriate governmental agency.
  2. (n.) A formal change in record or title reflecting the transfer of ownership rights in legal or commercial contexts.
    The company's change of ownership triggered a review of all contractual obligations.

Forms

  • change of ownership

Commentary

The term refers broadly to the transfer of ownership rights and is used in contexts ranging from real property to corporate shares; precise legal effects depend on jurisdiction and nature of the asset.


Change of Venue

/ˈʧeɪnʤ əv ˈvɪˌnuː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal process of transferring a trial to a different location due to potential bias or for convenience.
    The defense attorney filed a motion for a change of venue to ensure a fair trial.

Forms

  • change of venue

Commentary

A change of venue aims to preserve impartiality and avoid prejudice, often requested before trial; careful jurisdictional consideration is essential.


Change Order

/ˈʧeɪnʤ ˈɔːrdər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal amendment to a construction contract detailing modifications to the original scope, cost, or schedule.
    The contractor submitted a change order to adjust the completion deadline due to unforeseen site conditions.

Forms

  • change order
  • change orders

Commentary

In drafting, clearly specify the nature, cost impact, and time implications of the change to avoid disputes related to change orders.


Change-In-Control Agreement

/ˈʧeɪnʤ-ɪn-kənˈtroʊl əˈgriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A contract stipulating specific rights and obligations triggered by a change in ownership or control of a company, often to protect employees or stakeholders.
    The executives' compensation packages included a change-in-control agreement to secure bonuses if the company was acquired.

Forms

  • change-in-control agreement
  • change-in-control agreements

Commentary

Commonly included in executive contracts to provide security upon ownership transitions; drafting should clearly define what constitutes a 'change in control' to avoid disputes.


Change-In-Law Clause

/ˈtʃeɪndʒ ɪn lɔː klɔːz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A contractual provision that adjusts obligations or rights when there is a change in applicable law affecting the contract.
    The agreement included a change-in-law clause to address new regulatory requirements.

Forms

  • change-in-law clause
  • change-in-law clauses

Commentary

Often used to allocate risk of legal or regulatory changes between contracting parties, ensuring adaptability without renegotiation.


Channel

/ˈtʃænəl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A medium or route through which legal rights, communications, or interests are transmitted or conveyed.
    The contract specified the channel for delivering official notices.
  2. (n.) A natural or artificial watercourse serving as a boundary or means of access in property law.
    The property boundary runs along the channel of the river.
  3. (n.) A designated frequency band used for transmitting legal communications or signals.
    The government licensed a channel for emergency broadcasts.

Forms

  • channels

Commentary

In legal drafting, specifying 'channel' clearly in contracts or statutes avoids ambiguity over modes of communication or property boundaries.


Channel of Commerce

/ˈtʃænəl əv ˈkɒmɜːrs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legally recognized route, means, or medium through which commerce or trade can lawfully pass between states or countries.
    The Supreme Court considered whether the defendant’s activities affected a channel of commerce under the Commerce Clause.

Forms

  • channel of commerce

Commentary

Often appears in constitutional law concerning the scope of federal regulation over economic activities crossing state boundaries.


Chapel

/ˈtʃæp.əl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A small place of worship often attached to a larger institution, used for religious services or ceremonies.
    The contract required the property to include a chapel for private ceremonies.
  2. (n.) A dedicated room or building authorized for the conduct of religious rites, sometimes relevant in legal contexts involving property, trusts, or estates.
    The will established a trust fund for the maintenance of a family chapel on the estate.

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'chapel' often relates to property law and ecclesiastical matters, especially in trusts or estates specifying maintenance or use of such spaces.


Chapter

/ˈtʃæp.tər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A main division of a legal code, statute, or book, often numbered and titled for ease of reference.
    Refer to Chapter 3 of the tax code for relevant provisions.
  2. (n.) A local branch or subdivision of a national or international legal organization or society.
    She joined the local chapter of the bar association.

Forms

  • chapters

Commentary

In legal drafting and citation, chapters help organize statutes into manageable divisions; distinguishing 'chapter' as a structural element versus an organizational subgroup is crucial.


Chapter 11

/ˈtʃæptər ɪˈlɛvən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A chapter of the United States Bankruptcy Code governing reorganization bankruptcy, allowing businesses or individuals to restructure debts under court supervision.
    The company filed for protection under Chapter 11 to reorganize its debts and continue operating.

Commentary

Commonly referenced simply as "Chapter 11," it primarily involves restructuring rather than liquidation, distinct from chapters 7 and 13.


Chapter 11 Bankruptcy

/ˈtʃæptər əˈlɛvən ˈbæŋkrʌptsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A form of bankruptcy in U.S. federal law allowing reorganization of a financially distressed business under court supervision while continuing operations.
    The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy to restructure its debts and avoid liquidation.

Forms

  • chapter 11 bankruptcy
  • chapter 11 bankruptcies

Commentary

Chapter 11 is primarily used by businesses to reorganize; it differs fundamentally from Chapter 7, which involves liquidation.


Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

/ˈtʃæptər ˈθərˌtin ˈbæŋkrəptsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A form of bankruptcy under U.S. law allowing individuals with regular income to develop a repayment plan to pay all or part of their debts over three to five years.
    After filing for Chapter 13 bankruptcy, she began making payments according to the court-approved plan.

Forms

  • chapter 13 bankruptcy

Commentary

Chapter 13 involves court-approved repayment plans, distinguishing it from liquidation-focused Chapter 7; its scope is limited to individuals with regular income.


Chapter 7

/ˈtʃæptər sɛvən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A chapter of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code governing liquidation bankruptcy for individuals and businesses.
    She filed for relief under Chapter 7 to discharge most of her debts.

Commentary

Chapter 7 specifically refers to liquidation bankruptcy and differs substantially from reorganization bankruptcies such as Chapters 11 and 13.


Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

/ˈtʃæptər ˈsɛvən ˈbæŋkrʌptsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A form of bankruptcy involving liquidation of a debtor’s nonexempt assets to repay creditors, under Chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.
    She filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy to discharge her unsecured debts quickly.

Forms

  • chapter 7 bankruptcy

Commentary

Chapter 7 bankruptcy is distinct from reorganization bankruptcies; use precise references to the Bankruptcy Code for clarity.


Chapter 9 Bankruptcy

/ˈchap.tər naɪn ˈbæŋk.rʌp.si/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A form of bankruptcy reorganization available exclusively to municipalities under U.S. bankruptcy law, allowing adjustment of debts without liquidation.
    The city filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy to renegotiate its outstanding debts.

Forms

  • chapter 9 bankruptcy
  • chapter 9 bankruptcies

Commentary

Chapter 9 bankruptcy uniquely applies to municipalities, differing from corporate and individual bankruptcy chapters, with distinct eligibility and procedural rules.


Chapter S Election

/ˈtʃæptər ɛs ɪˈlɛkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An election made by a small business corporation to be taxed under Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code.
    The company filed a Chapter S election to avoid double taxation on corporate income.

Forms

  • chapter s election
  • chapter s elections

Commentary

Typically filed using IRS Form 2553, the Chapter S election allows a corporation to be treated as a pass-through entity for federal tax purposes, avoiding corporate income tax but subjecting income to shareholder taxation.


Character

/ˈkærɪktər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A trait or attribute, especially moral or ethical qualities, attributed to a person relevant in evaluating credibility or conduct.
    The witness's character was crucial in assessing the reliability of their testimony.
  2. (n.) A person in a literary, dramatic, or legal narrative, especially as related to legal rights or responsibilities.
    The contract referred to the character who was obligated to make payments.
  3. (n.) A symbol or letter used in legal documents, codes, or statutes to represent information.
    Each character in the legal code has a specific legal meaning.

Forms

  • characters

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'character' often centers on moral qualities affecting credibility or liability, differing from general usage where it may imply fictional roles.


Character Assessment

/ˈkærɪktər əˈsɛsmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The evaluation of a person's moral, ethical, and behavioral qualities for legal proceedings or decisions.
    The court ordered a character assessment to determine the defendant's suitability for probation.

Forms

  • character assessments

Commentary

Character assessments are often used to inform sentencing, custody, or admission decisions and must rely on relevant, admissible evidence to avoid prejudice.


Character Evidence

/ˈkærɪktər ˈɛvɪdəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Evidence offered to prove a person's disposition or character, often to suggest how they likely acted on a particular occasion.
    The prosecution introduced character evidence to suggest the defendant’s violent tendencies.

Commentary

Character evidence is generally inadmissible to prove conduct except under specific exceptions, such as for impeachment or when character is an essential element in the case.


Character Reference

/ˈkærɪktər ˌrɛfərəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A testimonial or statement detailing a person's qualities, reputation, and conduct, often used in legal or employment contexts to support their credibility or suitability.
    The defendant provided a character reference to the court to attest to his good behavior.

Forms

  • character reference
  • character references

Commentary

Character references are commonly submitted in legal proceedings such as sentencing or custody cases to provide context about an individual's moral character.


Character Witness

/ˈkærɪktər ˈwɪtnəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A witness who testifies about a party's or witness's reputation, moral character, or disposition, typically to support or refute credibility or integrity.
    The defendant called a character witness to attest to his honesty.

Forms

  • character witnesses

Commentary

Character witnesses are often limited in scope to opinion or reputation evidence and may not provide specific acts unless permitted by the court.


Characteristic

/ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A distinguishing feature or quality that helps to identify or describe a person, thing, or legal concept.
    The characteristic of intent is critical in distinguishing between different types of liability.
  2. (adj.) Serving to indicate the nature of something, often legally relevant information or trait.
    The characteristic signature on the contract confirmed its authenticity.

Forms

  • characteristic (n. & adj.)

Commentary

In legal texts, 'characteristic' is often used to specify identifying traits essential for defining legal status or elements in a case.


Characterization

/ˌkærɪktəraɪˈzeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act or process of describing the essential qualities or legal nature of a fact, document, or transaction to determine its legal effect.
    The judge's characterization of the contract determined the applicable legal principles.
  2. (n.) In criminal law, the classification of an offense according to its elements and severity, affecting sentencing and jurisdiction.
    The characterization of the theft as a felony led to a harsher penalty.

Commentary

Characterization is key in legal analysis for applying the correct law to facts, requiring careful identification of legal attributes.


Charge

/ˈtʃɑːrdʒ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal accusation made by a governmental authority asserting that someone has committed a crime.
    The prosecutor filed a charge of theft against the defendant.
  2. (n.) An instruction, direction, or imposition given by an authority, such as a judge's charge to a jury.
    The judge gave the jury a detailed charge before deliberations began.
  3. (n.) A financial claim or liability imposed on property or as a fee for services rendered.
    The bank placed a charge on the borrower's property as security for the loan.
  4. (v.) To formally accuse someone of a crime; to bring an allegation against.
    The grand jury decided to charge the suspect with fraud.
  5. (v.) To demand payment or impose a fee for goods or services.
    The attorney charged a reasonable fee for her legal services.

Forms

  • charges
  • charged
  • charging

Commentary

In legal drafting, clarify the sense of "charge" by context, as it can denote accusation, instruction, or financial imposition.


Charge Bargaining

/ˈtʃɑrdʒ ˈbɑrgənɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A plea negotiation process whereby a defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser or different charge in exchange for a more lenient sentence or charges dropped.
    The defense attorney engaged in charge bargaining to reduce the defendant's potential penalties.

Forms

  • charge bargaining

Commentary

Charge bargaining specifically focuses on negotiating the charges themselves, distinct from sentence bargaining which focuses on sentencing terms.


Charge to the Jury

/ˈʧɑrdʒ tu ðə ˈʤʊri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A judge's instructions to the jury on the legal standards they must apply in deciding the case.
    The charge to the jury clarified the elements the prosecution needed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt.

Forms

  • charges to the jury

Commentary

The charge to the jury is critical for guiding jurors' application of law; drafters should ensure clarity and precision to avoid grounds for appeal.


Chargeback

/ˈtʃɑːrdʒˌbæk/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A demand by a credit card issuer to reverse a credit card transaction, usually due to fraud or dispute.
    The merchant faced a chargeback after the customer disputed the transaction.
  2. (v.) To initiate a reversal of a credit card transaction.
    The bank decided to chargeback the disputed payment to the merchant.

Forms

  • chargeback
  • chargebacks
  • chargebacked
  • chargebacking

Commentary

Chargebacks are common in payment processing disputes and require clear contractual terms to manage liability.


Charging Decision

/ˈtʃɑːrdʒɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal determination by a prosecutor or authorized official whether to file criminal charges against an individual.
    The charging decision was made after reviewing the evidence submitted by the police.

Forms

  • charging decision
  • charging decisions

Commentary

The charging decision marks a critical threshold in criminal proceedings, reflecting prosecutorial judgment; precise criteria and standards vary by jurisdiction.


Charging Document

/ˈtʃɑːrdʒɪŋ ˈdɒkjʊmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal written accusation initiating a criminal prosecution which outlines the charges against the defendant.
    The prosecutor filed the charging document to begin the case against the suspect.

Forms

  • charging document
  • charging documents

Commentary

The charging document is central to criminal proceedings as it defines the scope and nature of the legal charges, making precise drafting critical to ensure clarity and procedural fairness.


Charitable Giving

/ˈtʃærɪtəbl ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act of donating assets or money to qualified nonprofit organizations for public benefit, often with tax advantages.
    Her charitable giving qualified for a significant tax deduction.
  2. (n.) In law, the framework governing the conditions, restrictions, and benefits related to donations made to charitable entities.
    The charitable giving regulations require donors to maintain records for IRS audits.

Forms

  • charitable giving

Commentary

Charitable giving encompasses both the act of donation and the legal doctrines regulating such transfers, especially regarding tax treatment and donor intent.


Charitable Organization

/ˈtʃærɪtəbl ˌɔːrɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An organization established for purposes considered charitable under law, often exempt from taxation and eligible to receive tax-deductible donations.
    The charitable organization received a grant to support its community health programs.

Forms

  • charitable organizations

Commentary

Legal definitions of charitable organizations vary by jurisdiction, typically focusing on the nature of activities and tax treatment; proper drafting distinguishes between public charities and private foundations.


Charitable Purpose

/ˈtʃærɪtəbəl pɜːrpəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legally recognized objective to advance charity, including relief of poverty, advancement of education, religion, or other purposes beneficial to the community.
    The foundation was established with a charitable purpose focused on providing scholarships to underprivileged students.

Forms

  • charitable purpose

Commentary

A clear expression of charitable purpose is essential for obtaining and maintaining tax-exempt status under applicable laws.


Charitable Solicitation Law

/ˈtʃærɪtəbl ˌsɒlɪˈsɪteɪʃən lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A body of laws regulating the solicitation of charitable contributions to ensure transparency and prevent fraud.
    The nonprofit must comply with the charitable solicitation law before fundraising in multiple states.

Forms

  • charitable solicitation law
  • charitable solicitation laws

Commentary

Charitable solicitation laws often require registration and disclosure by organizations soliciting donations, emphasizing legal compliance in fundraising activities.


Charitable Trust

/ˈtʃærɪtəbl trʌst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A trust established for purposes deemed charitable under law, benefiting public interests such as education, relief of poverty, or religion.
    The donor created a charitable trust to fund scholarships for underprivileged students.
  2. (n.) A fiduciary arrangement wherein property is held and managed by a trustee to carry out charitable purposes.
    The charitable trust manages the donated funds to support local hospitals.

Forms

  • charitable trusts

Commentary

A charitable trust always serves a public benefit and usually qualifies for tax-exempt status; clarity in defining the charitable purpose is critical to enforceability and recognition by courts.


Charitable Trust Law

/ˈtʃærɪtəbəl trʌst lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of law governing trusts established for charitable purposes, including their creation, administration, and regulation.
    Charitable trust law ensures that funds donated to charity are used according to the donor's intentions.

Forms

  • charitable trust law
  • charitable trust laws

Commentary

Charitable trust law uniquely balances donor intent with public benefit, often requiring courts to interpret broad charitable purposes flexibly.


Charitable Work

/ˈtʃærɪtəbəl wɜːrk/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Activities undertaken voluntarily or through an organization to provide aid or benefit to the public without profit motive, often recognized for tax-exempt status under law.
    The foundation’s charitable work focuses on providing education to underprivileged communities.

Forms

  • charitable work

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'charitable work' often intersects with nonprofit and tax law, requiring clear identification to qualify for tax advantages and regulatory compliance.


Charity

/ˈtʃærɪti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An organization established and operated for philanthropic purposes, typically exempt from taxation.
    The charity raised funds to build a new community center.
  2. (n.) The voluntary giving of help, typically in the form of money, to those in need.
    Donating to charity is encouraged for social welfare.
  3. (n.) A concept in equity law referring to a gift or trust established for a public or charitable purpose, recognized for special treatment.
    The court upheld the validity of the charity trust.

Commentary

In legal contexts, charity often refers specifically to entities or trusts with recognized philanthropic purposes benefiting the public, warranting tax exemptions and distinct governance considerations.


Charity Law

/ˈtʃærɪti lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of law governing the creation, operation, and regulation of charities and charitable organizations.
    Charity law ensures that nonprofits adhere to rules regarding tax-exemption and charitable activities.
  2. (n.) Legal principles managing tax benefits and compliance related to charitable donations and fundraising.
    Understanding charity law is essential for donors seeking tax deductions.

Forms

  • charity law

Commentary

Charity law involves both regulatory compliance and tax considerations, covering non-profit governance and donor protections.


Chart

/ˈtʃɑːrt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A graphical or tabular representation of data or legal rights, used to illustrate or record information such as ownership or facts in legal contexts.
    The lawyer presented a chart to depict the timeline of events.
  2. (n.) A formal legal document or grant, such as a charter, establishing rights, privileges, or the creation of a corporation or municipality.
    The city was established by a royal chart in the 18th century.

Forms

  • charts

Commentary

In legal drafting, distinguish 'chart' as a document (akin to a charter) versus a data visualization; context clarifies usage.


Charter

/ˈtʃɑːrtər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal legal document that grants rights, privileges, or authority from a sovereign power or government to an individual, corporation, or institution.
    The city was incorporated under a municipal charter granted by the state.
  2. (n.) A written agreement or contract outlining the rights and responsibilities of a corporation, club, or organization.
    The nonprofit operates under a charter that defines its purpose and governance.
  3. (v.) To grant or lease the use of a vehicle, ship, or aircraft for private use under contract.
    The company chartered a plane for the executive team's travel.

Forms

  • charters
  • chartered
  • chartering

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'charter' often refers to foundational documents granting authority or corporate existence, distinct from mere contracts. When used as a verb, it commonly applies to leasing or hiring transport vehicles under contract.


Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

/ˈtʃɑːrtər əv ˌfʌndəmɛntəl raɪts əv ði ˈjʊərəpiənˈjuːniən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legally binding document that consolidates and codifies the fundamental rights and freedoms recognized by the European Union law, applicable to EU institutions and member states when implementing EU law.
    The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union guarantees rights such as dignity, freedoms, equality, solidarity, citizens' rights, and justice.

Forms

  • charter of fundamental rights of the european union

Commentary

The Charter is a cornerstone of EU human rights law, binding on EU institutions and member states only when implementing EU law, distinguishing it from international human rights treaties applicable domestically.


Charter Party

/ˈtʃɑːrtər ˌpɑːrti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A contract between the owner of a vessel and a charterer for use of the ship or part of its cargo-carrying capacity under specified terms.
    The parties signed a charter party to outline the obligations for the shipment of goods.

Forms

  • charter parties

Commentary

A charter party is distinct from a contract of carriage; it customarily governs the lease of the vessel itself rather than just the transportation of goods.


Chartered Accountant

/ˈtʃɑːrtərd əˈkaʊntənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A professionally qualified accountant certified by a recognized professional body, authorized to audit financial statements and provide financial advisory services under regulatory standards.
    The company hired a chartered accountant to audit its annual financial report.

Forms

  • chartered accountants

Commentary

The title 'Chartered Accountant' is legally protected in many jurisdictions, requiring formal certification and adherence to ethical standards.


Chartered Company

/ˈtʃɑːrtərd ˈkʌmpəni/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A corporation or company created by a royal charter granting it specific rights and privileges, often including monopolistic commercial rights in a territory or industry.
    The British East India Company was a famous chartered company with extensive trade privileges.

Forms

  • chartered companies

Commentary

Chartered companies historically combined commercial and governmental powers, often impacting sovereignty and colonial administration; drafters should note the significance of the charter's scope and privileges.


Chartered Surveyor

/ˈtʃɑːrtəd səˈveɪərə/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A professional qualified and licensed to value and manage land, property, and construction projects, often providing expert advice in legal and commercial contexts.
    The chartered surveyor prepared a report on the property’s market value for the court case.

Forms

  • chartered surveyors

Commentary

The term specifically denotes a legally recognized professional status requiring formal qualification and registration with a chartered body, which can affect the admissibility and weight of their expert evidence in legal proceedings.


Charterer

/ˈtʃɑːrtərər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A party who leases or hires a vessel or vehicle under a charter agreement.
    The charterer agreed to pay the freight charges as specified in the contract.

Forms

  • charterers

Commentary

In maritime and transport law, the charterer is distinct from the owner, holding possession under contract; clarity in charter agreements is essential to delineate rights and obligations.


Charterparty

/ˈtʃɑːrtərˌpɑːrti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A contract between the owner of a ship and a charterer for the hire of the vessel or part of its freight space.
    The parties signed a charterparty specifying the terms of the vessel's hire.

Forms

  • charterparty
  • charterparties

Commentary

Charterparties govern specific agreements for vessel use, distinct from general shipping contracts; precise terms on hire, duration, and cargo are key drafting points.


Chase

/ˈtʃeɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act of pursuing a person to detain or capture them, especially in law enforcement.
    The police initiated a chase after the suspect fled the scene.
  2. (v.) To pursue someone or something in order to catch or apprehend them, often used in a legal context regarding law enforcement or repossession.
    The sheriff chased the fugitive across state lines.

Forms

  • chase
  • chases
  • chased
  • chasing

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'chase' typically refers to the physical pursuit related to enforcement or repossession; drafting should clarify the party involved and legal authority.


Chastise

/ˈkæs.tɪz/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To reprimand or punish someone formally or officially, often in a legal or disciplinary context.
    The court chastised the attorney for improper conduct during the trial.

Forms

  • chastised
  • chastising
  • chastises

Commentary

In legal contexts, chastisement typically refers to formal or official reprimands rather than physical punishment.


Chastity

/ˈtʃæstəti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The state or practice of refraining from unlawful sexual conduct, often in a moral or legal context.
    The statute required proof of the defendant's chastity before granting the inheritance.

Commentary

In legal drafting, chastity typically pertains to laws or contracts addressing sexual behavior and related moral obligations, often linked to inheritance or employment terms.


Chattel

/ˈkatl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Personal property that is movable and tangible, distinct from real property or land.
    The farmer sold his chattel to pay off debts.

Forms

  • chattels

Commentary

Often contrasted with real property; important in distinguishing types of property rights.


Chattel Mortgage

/ˈkætəl ˈmɔːrɡɪdʒ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A security interest in movable personal property (chattel), granted by the debtor to the creditor as collateral for a loan or obligation, allowing the creditor to repossess the property upon default.
    The borrower granted a chattel mortgage over his vehicle to secure the bank loan.

Forms

  • chattel mortgage
  • chattel mortgages

Commentary

Chattel mortgages specifically pertain to movable personal property, distinguishing them from real estate mortgages; drafting should clearly identify the chattel subject to avoid ambiguity.


Chattel Slavery

/ˈkætəl ˈsleɪvəri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A system of slavery where individuals are treated as personal property to be bought, sold, and inherited.
    Chattel slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the Thirteenth Amendment.

Forms

  • chattel slavery

Commentary

The term specifically denotes ownership of a person as property, distinct from other forms of coercive labor or servitude.


Chauffeur

/ˈʃoʊfɜr/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person legally employed to drive a private vehicle for another.
    The chauffeur was liable for damages after the accident while driving the employer's car.

Forms

  • chauffeurs

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'chauffeur' often appears in employment and liability discussions emphasizing the duty and scope of driving services provided under contract.


Cheat

/ˈtʃiːt/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To act dishonestly or fraudulently in order to gain an advantage, especially in legal or contractual contexts.
    The contractor was found to cheat by submitting false invoices.
  2. (n.) An act of deception or fraud intended to gain an unfair or unlawful advantage.
    The plaintiff alleged that the defendant’s cheat voided the contract.

Forms

  • cheats
  • cheated
  • cheating

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'cheat' is often context-specific and may overlap with terms like fraud; precise usage depends on jurisdiction and the nature of the deceptive act.


Cheate

/ˈtʃiːt/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To act dishonestly or fraudulently to gain an advantage, especially in legal or contractual contexts.
    The defendant was accused of cheating on the contract terms.

Forms

  • cheates
  • cheated
  • cheating

Commentary

Use carefully to describe intentional dishonest conduct; often considered a basis for legal claims of fraud or breach.


Check

/ˈtʃɛk/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A written, dated, and signed instrument that directs a bank to pay a specific sum of money to the bearer or to a named person.
    She deposited the check into her savings account.
  2. (v.) To examine or inspect something for accuracy, authenticity, or condition.
    The lawyer will check the contract for any discrepancies.
  3. (n.) In chess terminology used metaphorically in legal arguments, a warning or an assertion of threat.
    The defense lawyer issued a check to the prosecution's claim by presenting contradictory evidence.

Forms

  • checks
  • checked
  • checking

Commentary

In legal drafting, distinguishing a 'check' as a negotiable instrument from the verb form is crucial; always clarify context to avoid ambiguity.


Check Clearing

/ˈtʃek ˈklɪərɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process by which a bank or financial institution exchanges and settles checks to debit and credit the appropriate accounts.
    The check clearing process typically takes one to two business days.

Forms

  • check clearing
  • check clearings

Commentary

Check clearing involves interbank procedures that ensure funds are correctly transferred and accounts updated; timing and regulations may vary across jurisdictions.


Check-The-Box Rules

/ˈtʃek ðə bɒks rulz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) U.S. Treasury regulations allowing certain business entities to choose their classification for federal tax purposes by filing an election form.
    Many businesses rely on the check-the-box rules to simplify their tax classification.

Forms

  • check-the-box rules
  • check-the-box rule

Commentary

These rules streamline entity classification but require careful election to optimize tax outcomes.


Checklist

/ˈtʃɛklɪst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A written or printed list used to ensure all necessary steps or items are addressed, especially in legal procedures or compliance contexts.
    Before closing the transaction, the lawyer reviewed the due diligence checklist to confirm all requirements were met.

Forms

  • checklist
  • checklists

Commentary

In legal drafting, checklists help ensure procedural completeness and reduce risk of omission.


Checkpoint

/ˈtʃɛkpɔɪnt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A designated place where officials inspect documents, verify identity, or exercise customs and security controls.
    The customs officers stopped the vehicle at the checkpoint to inspect the cargo.
  2. (n.) A procedural stage in litigation or compliance where progress is reviewed or a legal requirement must be met before advancing.
    The court established a checkpoint to evaluate the parties' compliance with discovery rules.

Forms

  • checkpoint
  • checkpoints

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'checkpoint' can denote both physical inspection sites and procedural milestones; distinguish clearly by context to avoid ambiguity.


Checks and Balances

Definitions

  1. (n.) A system in which different branches of government hold separate powers and can limit each other's authority to prevent abuse.
    The United States Constitution establishes checks and balances among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Forms

  • checks and balances

Commentary

This term is foundational in constitutional law, emphasizing the mutual regulation among government branches to maintain democratic governance.


Chemical Agent

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈeɪdʒənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A substance used in legal contexts to cause chemical reactions or effects, often regulated due to potential harm or weapons use.
    The treaty restricts the possession and use of certain chemical agents.
  2. (n.) An agent classified under laws controlling hazardous materials, including toxic industrial chemicals or warfare agents.
    Transporting chemical agents requires compliance with safety regulations.

Forms

  • chemical agent
  • chemical agents

Commentary

Legal definitions often depend on regulatory context, such as treaties or hazardous material laws, requiring precise identification and classification.


Chemical Analogue

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈænəlɒɡ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A substance structurally similar to another compound, often relevant in patent law for determining infringement or novelty.
    The patent was challenged on the grounds that the new drug was a chemical analogue of the patented compound.

Forms

  • chemical analogues

Commentary

In legal contexts, especially patent law, chemical analogues are scrutinized for establishing whether a new compound unlawfully mimics a patented one; precise structural comparison is critical.


Chemical Analysis

/ˈkɛmɪkəl əˈnæləsɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The scientific examination of substances to determine their chemical composition, often used in legal contexts such as forensic investigations and regulatory compliance.
    The court admitted the results of the chemical analysis as evidence in the drug possession case.

Forms

  • chemical analysis
  • chemical analyses

Commentary

In legal settings, chemical analysis frequently underpins evidentiary findings; precise documentation and chain-of-custody records enhance its admissibility.


Chemical Compound

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈkɒmpaʊnd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A substance composed of two or more elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions, relevant in legal contexts such as patent law and hazardous materials regulation.
    The patent application detailed the new chemical compound used in the pharmaceutical drug.

Forms

  • chemical compound
  • chemical compounds

Commentary

In legal drafting, specify the exact chemical compound using recognized nomenclature to avoid ambiguity in regulations or patent claims.


Chemical Control Law

/ˈkɛmɪkəl kənˈtroʊl lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legislation regulating the manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal of chemical substances to protect public health and the environment.
    The chemical control law requires companies to register hazardous chemicals with the government.

Forms

  • chemical control law
  • chemical control laws

Commentary

Typically focuses on balancing industrial use of chemicals against safety standards; drafters should clearly define covered substances and scope to ensure effective enforcement.


Chemical Formula

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈfɔːrmjʊlə/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A symbolic representation used to describe the composition and proportion of elements in a chemical substance, often relevant in environmental, patent, or regulatory law contexts.
    The patent application claimed a novel chemical formula for an eco-friendly solvent.

Forms

  • chemical formula
  • chemical formulas

Commentary

In legal contexts, chemical formulas are critical when defining substances in patent claims or regulatory documents, requiring precise and unambiguous representation.


Chemical Invention

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ɪnˈvɛnʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A novel and non-obvious chemical compound or composition that may be patented under intellectual property law.
    The patent was granted for a groundbreaking chemical invention that improved drug efficacy.

Forms

  • chemical invention
  • chemical inventions

Commentary

In patent law, chemical inventions require demonstration of novelty and inventive step; drafting claims must carefully define chemical structures or formulations to ensure protection.


Chemical Inventory

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ɪnˈvɛntri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal or regulatory list documenting all chemical substances held, used, or stored by an entity, used to ensure compliance with safety, environmental, and workplace laws.
    The company updated its chemical inventory to comply with OSHA regulations.

Forms

  • chemical inventory
  • chemical inventories

Commentary

A chemical inventory is critical for regulatory compliance and risk management; drafters should ensure clarity on the scope and update requirements.


Chemical Nomenclature

/ˈkɛmɪkəl noʊˈmɛnklətʃɚ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Systematic method for naming chemical substances as used in legal documents for regulatory, patent, and compliance purposes.
    The patent application included the chemical nomenclature to precisely define the invention's compound.

Forms

  • chemical nomenclature

Commentary

In legal contexts, chemical nomenclature ensures unambiguous identification of substances in patents, regulations, and contracts, aiding enforceability and compliance.


Chemical Patent

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈpætənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A patent granted for an invention related to chemical substances or processes, protecting new chemical compounds, formulations, or methods of chemical manufacturing.
    The company secured a chemical patent for its innovative drug formulation.

Forms

  • chemical patent
  • chemical patents

Commentary

Chemical patents require clear disclosure of chemical structures and processes; precise claims are essential to define scope and avoid infringement disputes.


Chemical Reagent

/ˈkɛmɪkəl rɪˈədʒənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A substance used in legal settings, such as forensic analysis, to detect, measure, or produce a chemical reaction relevant to a case.
    The forensic lab employed a chemical reagent to reveal the presence of blood at the crime scene.

Forms

  • chemical reagent

Commentary

In legal contexts, the term often appears in forensic science, where chemical reagents are crucial in identifying substances relevant to investigations.


Chemical Registry

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈrɛdʒɪstri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An official database or system for cataloging chemicals, often used for regulatory, safety, or patent purposes.
    The chemical registry helps authorities track hazardous substances.

Forms

  • chemical registry
  • chemical registries

Commentary

The term primarily refers to databases maintained under regulatory frameworks; ensure clarity whether referencing a specific national or international registry.


Chemical Regulation

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The statutory or regulatory framework governing the manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal of chemicals to protect health and the environment.
    Chemical regulation requires manufacturers to disclose hazardous substances in their products.

Forms

  • chemical regulations

Commentary

Chemical regulation often intersects with environmental and public health law, requiring precise drafting to address risk assessment and compliance obligations.


Chemical Safety

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈseɪfti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal framework and practices designed to prevent harm from hazardous chemicals in workplaces and the environment.
    The company must comply with chemical safety regulations to protect workers and the public.

Forms

  • chemical safety

Commentary

Focus is on statutory and regulatory measures governing chemical hazards to ensure public and occupational health safety.


Chemical Safety Regulation

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈseɪfti ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A body of laws and regulations designed to control the production, handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals to protect public health and the environment.
    The company must comply with chemical safety regulation to avoid legal penalties for hazardous waste mismanagement.

Forms

  • chemical safety regulation
  • chemical safety regulations

Commentary

Typically encompasses statutes and regulatory frameworks that impose strict controls on chemical substances to minimize risks of harm, involving agencies such as OSHA or EPA in enforcement.


Chemical Structure

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈstrʌktʃər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The representation of the molecular arrangement and bonds of a chemical compound, relevant in patent claims and regulatory compliance concerning chemical inventions and substances.
    The patent application included a detailed chemical structure of the new compound to establish novelty.

Forms

  • chemical structure
  • chemical structures

Commentary

In legal contexts, specifying a chemical structure precisely is critical for patent protection and regulatory clarity to define the scope of chemical inventions or substances.


Chemical Substance

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈsʌbstəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A material with a defined chemical composition, regulated in law for safety, environmental, or commercial purposes.
    The chemical substance was classified as hazardous under environmental regulations.

Forms

  • chemical substance
  • chemical substances

Commentary

In legal contexts, the term often arises in statutes governing safety, transport, or trade, where precise chemical identity affects regulatory status.


Chemical Waste

/ˈkɛmɪkəl weɪst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Substances discarded from industrial, laboratory, or manufacturing processes that are chemically hazardous or potentially harmful to public health or the environment.
    The facility must follow strict regulations for the disposal of chemical waste to prevent environmental contamination.

Forms

  • chemical waste

Commentary

Legal definitions of chemical waste often emphasize regulatory compliance and environmental impact, so clarity on hazardous properties is critical in drafting.


Chemical Weapon

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈwɛpən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A device or substance designed to cause death or harm through chemical action, prohibited under international law such as the Chemical Weapons Convention.
    The use of chemical weapons in warfare is banned by international treaties.

Forms

  • chemical weapon
  • chemical weapons

Commentary

Legal definitions often emphasize prohibition in international law and treaties such as the Chemical Weapons Convention.


Chemical Weapons Convention

/ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈwɛpənz kənˈvɛnʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An international treaty prohibiting the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, transfer or use of chemical weapons and mandating their destruction.
    The Chemical Weapons Convention seeks to eliminate chemical weapons globally through binding legal obligations.

Forms

  • chemical weapons convention

Commentary

Often abbreviated as CWC, this treaty is a cornerstone in international arms control law, emphasizing verification and compliance mechanisms.


Cheque

/ˈtʃek/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A written order directing a bank to pay a specified sum from the drawer's account to the payee.
    She deposited the cheque at the bank yesterday.
  2. (n.) In some jurisdictions, a negotiable instrument similar to a check used as a payment method.
    The business accepted a cheque as payment for the goods.

Forms

  • cheques

Commentary

The term 'cheque' is primarily used in British English and legal contexts involving payment orders; it is important to differentiate it from 'check' in American English, though they refer to the same instrument.


Cherry Picking

/ˈtʃɛri ˈpɪkɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The selective presentation of evidence or facts to support a legal argument while ignoring contrary information.
    The lawyer was accused of cherry picking facts to strengthen her case.
  2. (v.) To deliberately choose only favorable evidence or data to support a claim, often misleadingly.
    The plaintiff’s attorney cherry picked testimonies that favored the client’s position.

Forms

  • cherry picks
  • cherry picked

Commentary

Cherry picking often undermines legal credibility; careful drafting and thorough discovery are essential to avoid or address it.


Chevron Deference

/ˈʃɛvrɒn dɪˈfɛrəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A principle of administrative law instructing courts to defer to a federal agency’s reasonable interpretation of an ambiguous statute that the agency administers.
    The court applied Chevron deference to uphold the agency's regulatory interpretation.

Forms

  • chevron deference

Commentary

Chevron deference arises from Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council and is central to balancing judicial authority with agency expertise in statutory interpretation.


Chevron U.s.a.

/ˈʃɛvrən juːˌɛsˈeɪ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A major American multinational energy corporation involved in oil, natural gas, and geothermal energy industries.
    Chevron U.S.A. is a prominent participant in the energy sector with significant legal obligations.

Forms

  • chevron u.s.a.

Commentary

Chevron U.S.A. is often referenced in legal contexts concerning environmental law and corporate regulation.


Chicago Convention

/ˈʃɪk.ɑːɡoʊ ˌkɒnvɛnˈʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An international treaty establishing rules for civil aviation and founding the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
    The Chicago Convention of 1944 set the framework for international air transport regulations.

Forms

  • chicago convention

Commentary

Commonly cited in aviation law, it is crucial to reference the official 1944 text when discussing regulatory obligations and state sovereignty over airspace.


Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation

/ˈʃɪkɑːɡoʊ kənˈvɛnʃən ɒn ɪntərˈnæʃənl ˈsɪvɪl ˌeɪrɪˈeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A multilateral treaty establishing rules and standards for international civil aviation to promote safe and orderly air transport.
    The Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation laid the foundation for modern international air law.

Forms

  • chicago convention on international civil aviation

Commentary

Commonly cited as the fundamental treaty creating the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and setting principles still governing international air travel.


Chicanery

/ˈkɪkəˌnɛri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The use of trickery or subterfuge to achieve a legal or financial advantage.
    The contract was voided due to the plaintiff's chicanery during negotiations.

Commentary

Chicanery often implies deliberate manipulation or deception, useful to highlight unethical conduct in contracts or litigation.


Chief

/ˈtʃiːf/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person holding the highest rank or position in an organization, especially in legal or governmental contexts.
    The chief judge presided over the constitutional court.
  2. (adj.) Most important; principal, especially in legal documents defining authority or responsibility.
    The chief purpose of the contract is outlined in the first clause.

Forms

  • chiefs

Commentary

In legal usage, 'chief' denotes highest authority, often in official titles; clarity is key when drafting to specify the scope of authority.


Chief Counsel

/ˈtʃiːf ˈkaʊnsəl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The principal lawyer responsible for providing legal advice and representation for an organization or government entity.
    The chief counsel advised the board on the legal implications of the merger.

Commentary

The term typically denotes the highest-ranking legal officer within an organization, distinct from other counsel by managerial or supervisory authority.


Chief Executive

/ˈtʃiːf ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The highest-ranking officer in an organization or government, responsible for managing overall operations and making major decisions.
    The chief executive approved the company's strategic plan.
  2. (n.) In government, the official with executive authority, such as a president or governor, tasked with implementing laws and overseeing the administration.
    The chief executive signed the new legislation into law.

Forms

  • chief executives

Commentary

The term 'chief executive' applies broadly in both corporate and governmental contexts; clarity depends on context and jurisdiction.


Chief Executive Officer

/ˌtʃiːf ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv ɔːfɪsər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The highest-ranking executive in a company or organization, responsible for strategic decisions and overall operations.
    The chief executive officer approved the new corporate strategy.

Forms

  • chief executive officers

Commentary

In legal drafting, the term 'Chief Executive Officer' often carries fiduciary responsibilities and is distinguished from other executives by authority scope.


Chief Financial Officer

/ˌtʃif fəˈnænʃəl ˈɒfəsər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An executive responsible for managing a company's financial actions, including financial planning, risk management, record-keeping, and financial reporting.
    The chief financial officer presented the quarterly earnings report to the board.
  2. (n.) A corporate officer whose duties and fiduciary responsibilities are often governed by corporate law and relevant securities regulations.
    The chief financial officer must ensure compliance with financial disclosure obligations under securities law.

Forms

  • chief financial officers

Commentary

The role of chief financial officer carries legally significant responsibilities, including fiduciary duties and regulatory compliance; clarity in contracts and corporate governance documents is essential.


Chief Justice

/ˈtʃiːf ˈdʒʌstɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The presiding judge in a supreme court, typically the highest judicial officer in a jurisdiction.
    The Chief Justice administered the oath of office to the new president.
  2. (n.) A member of a supreme court who holds the highest-ranking judicial position with authority over procedural and administrative matters.
    The Chief Justice oversees the court's schedule and case management.

Forms

  • chief justices

Commentary

The term denotes the highest judicial officer in a supreme court; capitalization is commonly reserved for the official title.


Chief of Staff

/ˌtʃiːf əv ˈstæf/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A senior executive officer who manages and coordinates the operations of a principal's staff, often acting as a key advisor and intermediary.
    The chief of staff streamlined communication between the department head and employees.
  2. (n.) An appointed official who facilitates the workflow and administration within governmental or military offices.
    The chief of staff organized the general’s schedule and briefing materials.

Forms

  • chief of staff
  • chiefs of staff

Commentary

Commonly used in both governmental and corporate legal contexts to denote the top aide to a senior official; precise duties may vary by jurisdiction or organization.


Chieftain

/ˈtʃiːftən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A leader or head of a tribe or clan, especially recognized in customary or indigenous law contexts.
    The chieftain negotiated an agreement on behalf of the tribe.

Commentary

In legal contexts, "chieftain" often refers to recognized leadership under customary or indigenous law, important in matters of tribal governance and legal authority.


Child

/ˈtʃaɪld/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person who has not reached the age of majority, often subject to special legal protections.
    The law mandates that a child must be accompanied by a guardian in court proceedings.
  2. (n.) A person legally recognized as the offspring of their parents, relevant in inheritance and custody matters.
    The child is entitled to a share of the estate under the will.

Forms

  • children

Commentary

In legal contexts, child typically refers both to age-based status and biological or legal descent, affecting rights and responsibilities.


Child Abduction

/ˈtʃaɪld əbˈdʌkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The unlawful taking or transportation of a minor from their lawful custodian, often violating custody rights or jurisdictional laws.
    The suspect was charged with child abduction after taking the child without parental consent.
  2. (n.) The offense involving removal of a child from one country to another in breach of custody laws, commonly addressed under international treaties like the Hague Convention.
    International child abduction cases often require cooperation between governments.

Forms

  • child abduction

Commentary

Child abduction may be prosecuted under different statutes depending on whether it occurs within a country or internationally; legal definitions emphasize violation of lawful custodial rights.


Child Abuse

/ˈtʃaɪld əˌbjus/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The physical, emotional, sexual, or neglectful maltreatment of a child under the law.
    The defendant was charged with child abuse for causing physical harm to the minor.

Forms

  • child abuses
  • child abusing

Commentary

Child abuse definitions vary by jurisdiction but generally encompass physical, emotional, sexual harm, or neglect; clarity in statutory language is crucial for legal enforcement.


Child Abuse Prevention

/ˈtʃaɪld əˌbjuːs prɪˈvɛnʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal and social measures aimed at stopping child abuse before it occurs, including policies, programs, and interventions designed to protect children from neglect, physical, emotional, and sexual harm.
    The government implemented new child abuse prevention policies to safeguard vulnerable children.

Forms

  • child abuse prevention

Commentary

Effective drafting of child abuse prevention laws typically requires clear definitions of abuse types and comprehensive mandates for reporting and intervention to ensure child safety.


Child Abuse Reporting

/ˈtʃaɪld əˈbjus rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal obligation to report suspected cases of child abuse or neglect to designated authorities.
    Under child abuse reporting laws, teachers must notify authorities if they suspect abuse.

Forms

  • child abuse reporting

Commentary

Typically entails specific procedural and timing requirements; statutes vary by jurisdiction regarding who qualifies as a mandatory reporter.


Child Advocacy Center

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈædvəkəsi ˈsɛntər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A multidisciplinary facility designed to coordinate investigation, advocacy, and treatment services for child abuse victims within a child protection system.
    The child advocacy center provided a safe space for the child to give testimony without additional trauma.

Forms

  • child advocacy center
  • child advocacy centers

Commentary

Often established by statute or court order to centralize and streamline child abuse investigations and support services, minimizing trauma for child victims.


Child Custody

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈkʌstədi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal right and responsibility to care for and make decisions regarding a minor child.
    The court awarded joint child custody to both parents after their divorce.
  2. (n.) The physical living arrangements of a child following parental separation or divorce.
    She was granted primary physical custody of the children.

Commentary

Child custody often involves bifurcation into legal custody (decision-making authority) and physical custody (residency), a distinction important in drafting and litigation.


Child Custody Agreement

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈkʌstədi əˈɡriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legally binding contract between parents or guardians outlining the care, control, and custody of a child following separation or divorce.
    The couple entered into a child custody agreement to determine the visitation schedule.

Forms

  • child custody agreement
  • child custody agreements

Commentary

A child custody agreement typically serves to avoid litigation by consensual resolution; precise terms should address custody type, visitation, and decision-making authority.


Child Custody Evaluation

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈkʌstədi ˌɛvəˈluːeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A psychological assessment conducted by a qualified professional to provide recommendations to the court regarding custody and visitation arrangements in child custody disputes.
    The court ordered a child custody evaluation to determine the best interests of the child.

Forms

  • child custody evaluation
  • child custody evaluations

Commentary

Typically performed by mental health experts to assist courts, child custody evaluations focus on the child's welfare and parental capabilities, and their findings are influential but not binding.


Child Custody Order

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈkʌstədi ˈɔrdər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court order determining the legal and physical custody of a child following a divorce, separation, or dispute.
    The judge issued a child custody order granting primary custody to the mother.

Forms

  • child custody order
  • child custody orders

Commentary

Typically, a child custody order addresses both legal custody (decision-making authority) and physical custody (where the child lives), and is often accompanied or integrated with visitation terms.


Child Development

/ˈtʃaɪld dɪˈvɛləpmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The study and legal considerations of a child's physical, psychological, and emotional growth as it relates to welfare, rights, and custody.
    The court considered expert testimony on child development to determine the best custody arrangement.

Forms

  • child development

Commentary

Legal contexts focus on implications of developmental stages for custody, welfare, and rights; precise use aids clarity in family law documents.


Child Discipline

/ˈtʃaɪld dɪsˈplɪn/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The methods and legal principles guiding corrective actions imposed by caregivers or authorities on minors to encourage proper behavior.
    The court reviewed the child discipline methods to determine if they violated any statutes against abuse.
  2. (n.) Legal regulation or standards governing acceptable forms of punishment and intervention applied to children in various jurisdictions.
    Different states have varying laws on permissible child discipline techniques.

Forms

  • child discipline

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'child discipline' often intersects with child protection laws and must be distinguished from abuse; clear language helps define permissible versus impermissible conduct.


Child Exploitation

/ˈtʃaɪld ˌɛksplɔɪˈteɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The illegal or unethical act of using a child for labor, sexual activities, or other forms of abuse that exploit their vulnerability.
    Laws against child exploitation seek to protect minors from trafficking and forced labor.

Forms

  • child exploitation

Commentary

The term broadly covers various forms of abuse affecting minors, including commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; legal definitions may vary by jurisdiction.


Child in Need of Supervision

/ˈtʃaɪld ɪn nid ʌv ˌsuːpərˈvɪʒən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A minor who is legally deemed to require adult supervision due to truancy, running away, or other non-criminal behaviors that indicate neglect or lack of care.
    The court adjudicated the youth as a child in need of supervision to provide guidance and structure.

Forms

  • child in need of supervision

Commentary

The term typically applies in juvenile court context to address non-criminal behavioral issues, guiding intervention without criminal sanctions.


Child Labor

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈleɪbər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Employment of children under the minimum legal age, often restricted or prohibited due to concerns about exploitation and harm to development.
    The government implemented new laws to eradicate child labor in factories.

Forms

  • child labor

Commentary

Legal definitions of child labor often vary by jurisdiction and may distinguish between permissible work (e.g., light work, apprenticeships) and exploitative practices.


Child Labor Laws

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈleɪbər lɔz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Statutes regulating the employment of minors to protect their rights, health, and education.
    Child labor laws limit the working hours and conditions for employees under the age of eighteen.

Forms

  • child labor laws
  • child labor law

Commentary

Child labor laws vary significantly by jurisdiction; careful attention to local statutes is necessary when drafting or interpreting.


Child Maintenance

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈmeɪntənəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Financial support paid by a non-custodial parent to the custodial parent for the upkeep of their child following separation or divorce.
    The court ordered monthly child maintenance payments to ensure the child's needs were met.

Forms

  • child maintenance

Commentary

Child maintenance is commonly used interchangeably with child support; however, 'maintenance' is the preferred and formal legal term in many jurisdictions for obligations arising post-separation or divorce.


Child Maltreatment

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈmɔltriˌtmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Any form of physical, emotional, sexual abuse, or neglect of a child by a parent, guardian, or caretaker recognized under law.
    The agency investigated allegations of child maltreatment in the home.

Forms

  • child maltreatment

Commentary

Legal definitions of child maltreatment vary by jurisdiction but generally encompass abuse and neglect; precise statutory language is important for case application.


Child Molestation

/ˈtʃaɪld ˌmoʊləˈsteɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The criminal act of engaging in sexual activities with a minor, typically involving abuse or exploitation.
    He was charged with child molestation after evidence of inappropriate contact with a minor was found.

Forms

  • child molestation
  • child molestations

Commentary

The term generally refers to unlawful sexual acts against a minor, emphasizing the abusive and exploitative nature of the conduct.


Child Neglect

/ˈtʃaɪld nɪˈɡlɛkt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The failure of a parent or guardian to provide necessary care, supervision, affection, or medical attention to a child, resulting in potential or actual harm.
    The court received a report of child neglect due to the child’s poor hygiene and malnutrition.
  2. (n.) A form of child abuse characterized by omission rather than commission of harmful acts.
    Child neglect is legally distinguished from physical abuse by the absence of direct infliction of harm.

Commentary

Legal definitions of child neglect often vary by jurisdiction and include physical, medical, educational, and emotional neglect; precise statutory language is critical in case drafting and adjudication.


Child Pornography

/ˈtʃaɪld ˌpɔːrnəˈɡræfi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Any visual depiction involving the sexual exploitation or abuse of a minor, typically prohibited by law.
    The defendant was charged with possession of child pornography.
  2. (n.) Material depicting minors engaged in sexually explicit conduct, creation and distribution of which is criminalized under federal and state law.
    Federal statutes impose severe penalties for trafficking in child pornography.

Forms

  • child pornography

Commentary

The term strictly refers to illegal depictions involving minors and is distinct from adult pornography; precision is key in statutes to avoid ambiguity.


Child Protection

/ˈtʃaɪld prəˈtɛkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal and social measures enacted to safeguard children from abuse, neglect, exploitation, and harm.
    The court prioritized child protection when determining custody arrangements.
  2. (n.) A body of laws and policies designed to ensure children's rights to safety, care, and well-being.
    Child protection laws require reporting suspected cases of child abuse.

Commentary

Often intersects with family law and social services; precise definitions may vary by jurisdiction, so always specify the relevant legal framework.


Child Protection Laws

/ˈtʃaɪld prəˈtɛkʃən lɔz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Statutory provisions designed to safeguard the welfare, rights, and safety of minors from abuse, neglect, and exploitation.
    Child protection laws require mandatory reporting of suspected abuse by professionals.

Forms

  • child protection laws
  • child protection law

Commentary

These laws vary widely by jurisdiction and frequently mandate intervention by social services; precise drafting should define the scope of protected parties and reporting duties.


Child Protection Services

/ˈtʃaɪld prəˈtɛkʃən ˈsɜːrvɪsɪz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Governmental agencies charged with investigating child abuse or neglect and providing services to protect children.
    Child protection services intervened to ensure the child's safety after the report of neglect.

Forms

  • child protection services

Commentary

Often abbreviated as CPS, these agencies have a dual role of investigation and provision of preventive support, balancing child safety with family preservation.


Child Protective Proceedings

/ˈtʃaɪld prəˈtɛktɪv prəˈsiːdɪŋz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal proceedings initiated to investigate and address allegations of child abuse or neglect, aiming to protect the child's welfare.
    The court held child protective proceedings to determine the custody arrangement in light of abuse reports.

Forms

  • child protective proceedings
  • child protective proceeding

Commentary

Child protective proceedings often involve multiple agencies and require careful fact-finding to balance parental rights with child safety.


Child Protective Services

/ˈtʃaɪld prəˈtɛktɪv ˈsɜrvəsɪz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A government agency responsible for investigating reports of child abuse and neglect and providing protective services to ensure child safety and welfare.
    The Child Protective Services intervened after the school reported signs of neglect.

Forms

  • child protective services
  • child protective service

Commentary

Often abbreviated as CPS, this term refers to state or local agencies tasked with protecting children from harm; definitions can vary by jurisdiction but generally involve investigation and intervention in cases of abuse or neglect.


Child Psychology

/ˈtʃaɪld saɪˈkɑːlədʒi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The study of children's mental, emotional, and behavioral development relevant in legal contexts such as custody or welfare cases.
    Experts in child psychology often testify in family court to assess the child's best interests.

Forms

  • child psychology

Commentary

In legal contexts, child psychology informs court decisions regarding custody, adoption, and juvenile matters, emphasizing the child's developmental needs and mental health.


Child Rights

/ˈtʃaɪld raɪts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal rights recognized for individuals under the age of majority, encompassing protection, education, health, and participation.
    International treaties protect child rights to ensure their welfare and development.

Forms

  • child rights

Commentary

Child rights are often enshrined in international instruments to underscore the special legal status and protections afforded to minors.


Child Sexual Abuse

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈbjus/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The illegal and abusive exploitation of a child for sexual purposes.
    The defendant was charged with child sexual abuse after evidence of exploitation surfaced.
  2. (n.) A category of child maltreatment involving any sexual activity imposed on a child by an adult or older individual.
    Child sexual abuse investigations require sensitive handling to protect the victim.

Forms

  • child sexual abuse

Commentary

Legal definitions of child sexual abuse often vary by jurisdiction but consistently emphasize the protection of minors from sexual exploitation and harm.


Child Support

/ˈtʃaɪld səˌpɔrt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Financial support that a parent is legally required to provide for their child's living expenses after separation or divorce.
    The court ordered the father to pay monthly child support.
  2. (n.) The legally mandated payments to ensure the child's welfare and upbringing are maintained by the noncustodial parent.
    She receives child support to cover her son's education and health care costs.

Commentary

Child support typically arises from family law proceedings and is distinct from spousal or alimony payments; clarity in drafting agreements is essential to specify amounts, duration, and enforcement mechanisms.


Child Support Assessment

/ˈtʃaɪld səˈpɔːrt əˈsɛsmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal process to determine the financial support obligations of a noncustodial parent for the care of their child.
    The court issued a child support assessment to establish the father's monthly payment amount.

Forms

  • child support assessment
  • child support assessments

Commentary

Typically involves calculation based on income, custody arrangements, and statutory guidelines; accuracy and clarity in drafting assessments reduce disputes.


Child Support Calculation

/ˈtʃaɪld səˈpɔːrt ˌkælkjʊˈleɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal process of determining the amount of financial support a noncustodial parent must pay for a child's living expenses, based on statutory guidelines and parental income.
    The court used the child support calculation to set the monthly payment amount.

Forms

  • child support calculation
  • child support calculations

Commentary

Child support calculation typically follows jurisdiction-specific formulas, emphasizing income and childcare needs; drafters should specify which guidelines apply.


Child Support Enforcement

/ˈtʃaɪld səˈpɔrt ɪnˈfɔrsmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal and administrative process of ensuring that noncustodial parents fulfill their court-ordered child support obligations.
    The agency is responsible for child support enforcement to secure financial assistance for children.

Forms

  • child support enforcement

Commentary

This term often involves governmental agencies that intervene to collect or enforce payments, including through income withholding or legal actions.


Child Support Enforcement Agency

/ˈtʃaɪld səˈpɔrt ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪdʒənsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A government agency responsible for locating parents, establishing paternity, and enforcing court-ordered child support payments.
    The child support enforcement agency ensures payments are made on time to support the child's welfare.

Forms

  • child support enforcement agency
  • child support enforcement agencies

Commentary

Often abbreviated as CSEA, these agencies operate under state and federal law to facilitate regular child support payments, critical in family law proceedings.


Child Support Order

/ˈtʃaɪld səˈpɔːrt ˈɔrdər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A judicial or administrative decree that mandates a noncustodial parent to provide financial support for their child.
    The court issued a child support order requiring the father to pay monthly installments.

Forms

  • child support order
  • child support orders

Commentary

Child support orders specify the amount and frequency of payments, and are enforceable by law; precise drafting ensures clear obligations and remedies.


Child Tax Credit

/ˈtʃaɪld tæks ˈkrɛdɪt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A tax benefit granted to eligible taxpayers to reduce their federal income tax liability based on the number of qualifying children.
    The taxpayer claimed the Child Tax Credit to lower the amount owed on their federal return.

Forms

  • child tax credit
  • child tax credits

Commentary

Ensure eligibility criteria and credit amounts are clearly defined in statutory language to prevent ambiguity and facilitate consistent application.


Child Trafficking

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈtræfɪkɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The illegal recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of children for exploitation purposes.
    The NGO reported numerous cases of child trafficking linked to forced labor and sexual exploitation.
  2. (n.) A form of human trafficking that specifically involves minors subjected to commercial sexual exploitation or involuntary servitude.
    Authorities implemented stricter measures to combat child trafficking in border regions.

Forms

  • child trafficking

Commentary

The term 'child trafficking' is distinct from general human trafficking, emphasizing the involvement of minors and requiring particular protective legal measures.


Child Welfare

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈwɛlfɛər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal and social framework focused on the protection, well-being, and development of children, ensuring their safety from abuse, neglect, and exploitation.
    The child welfare system intervenes to protect children from harmful environments.

Commentary

In legal contexts, child welfare commonly involves statutory mandates and agencies tasked with intervention and support; drafting should clearly delineate protective duties from custodial rights.


Child Welfare Agency

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈwɛlfɛr ˈeɪdʒənsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A government or authorized private organization responsible for protecting children’s safety and well-being, including investigating abuse and neglect cases.
    The child welfare agency intervened to ensure the safety of the neglected child.

Forms

  • child welfare agency
  • child welfare agencies

Commentary

Use 'child welfare agency' to designate entities with legally mandated duties to safeguard children's interests, typically involving investigation and intervention in abuse or neglect cases.


Child Welfare Law

/ˈtʃaɪld ˈwɛlfɛr lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Area of law concerning the protection and care of children to ensure their welfare and safety.
    The child welfare law mandates intervention when a child's well-being is at risk.
  2. (n.) Legal framework governing state actions in cases of child abuse, neglect, adoption, and foster care.
    Child welfare law regulates the procedures for removing children from unsafe homes.

Forms

  • child welfare law

Commentary

Child welfare law often involves coordination between social services and the judiciary; clarity in statutory language is key to balancing child protection with parental rights.


Children

/ˈtʃɪldrən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Minors legally recognized as persons below the age of majority, often entitled to special protection under the law.
    The court granted custody of the children to their maternal grandmother.

Commentary

In legal contexts, "children" typically refers to individuals under the age of majority with specific rights and protections; distinctions may be made between "child" (singular) and "children" (plural).


Children's Online Privacy Protection Act

/ˈtʃɪldrənz ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈprɪvəsi prəˈtɛkʃən ækt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A U.S. federal law enacted in 1998 that regulates the online collection of personal information from children under 13 years old to protect their privacy.
    The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act requires websites to obtain parental consent before collecting data from children.

Forms

  • children's online privacy protection act

Commentary

Primarily cited as COPPA; key in compliance and data protection for minors online.


Children's Rights

/ˈtʃɪldrənz raɪts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal entitlements and protections afforded to individuals under the age of majority, ensuring their welfare, development, and participation in society.
    Children's rights include access to education and protection from exploitation.
  2. (n.) Rights recognized by international treaties, such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, establishing standards for treatment and care of minors.
    The country ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child to reinforce children's rights.

Forms

  • children's rights
  • children's right

Commentary

Children's rights often require balancing parental authority with the child's best interests and evolving capacities.


Chilling Effect

/ˈtʃɪlɪŋ ɪˈfɛkt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A situation where individuals or entities refrain from exercising their legal rights due to fear of legal sanction or repercussions.
    The new surveillance law had a chilling effect on journalists, limiting investigative reporting.
  2. (n.) An indirect inhibition of constitutional rights, especially free speech or assembly, caused by threat of legal action.
    The vague language of the statute created a chilling effect, discouraging public protests.

Forms

  • chilling effect

Commentary

Often cited in First Amendment contexts, chilling effect underscores the importance of clear legal standards to avoid deterring lawful conduct.


Chip on One's Shoulder

/ˌtʃɪp ɒn wʌnz ˈʃoʊldɚ/

Definitions

  1. (phrase) An attitude of holding a grievance or sense of inferiority that predisposes a person to be combative or defensive, relevant in assessing witness credibility or party demeanor in legal contexts.
    The witness's chip on his shoulder influenced the judge's evaluation of his testimony.

Forms

  • chip on one's shoulder

Commentary

This phrase, though idiomatic, can be important in legal settings when evaluating attitudes that affect testimony or negotiation stances.


Chivalric Law

/ˈʃɪvəlrɪk lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A body of medieval legal and moral codes governing knights, emphasizing honor, loyalty, and martial conduct.
    The chivalric law dictated the behavior expected of knights during the Middle Ages.
  2. (n.) The customary legal principles regulating the conduct of warfare and the treatment of prisoners in medieval Europe.
    Chivalric law influenced early notions of just conduct in war.

Forms

  • chivalric law

Commentary

Often conflated with the code of chivalry, chivalric law includes both moral and legal norms affecting knights and warfare in medieval legal history.


Chivalric Order

/ˈʃɪvəlrɪk ˈɔrdər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal society or organization historically established by monarchs or sovereigns, often with noble or religious vows, recognizing distinguished service, usually in a military or ceremonial capacity.
    He was inducted into a prestigious chivalric order for his contributions to the kingdom.

Forms

  • chivalric order
  • chivalric orders

Commentary

In legal contexts, recognition by a chivalric order may carry ceremonial privileges or heraldic rights, but typically does not imply substantive legal status or powers.


Chivalry

/ˈʃɪvəlri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The historical medieval code of conduct governing the behavior, duties, and ethics of knights, including qualities like honor, loyalty, and protection of the weak.
    Medieval courts often referenced the principles of chivalry to adjudicate disputes among knights.

Commentary

In legal contexts, chivalry is primarily invoked historically to understand medieval legal norms and customs rather than contemporary legal doctrines.


Chlorofluorocarbons

/ˌklɔːrəʊˌflʊəˈrɒkɑːrbənz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Chemicals once widely used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants, now regulated under environmental laws because they deplete the ozone layer.
    The use of chlorofluorocarbons has been restricted by international treaties to protect the ozone layer.

Forms

  • chlorofluorocarbons
  • chlorofluorocarbon

Commentary

In legal contexts, chlorofluorocarbons are primarily discussed with reference to environmental regulations and international agreements controlling their use.


Choice

/ˈtʃɔɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act of selecting among alternatives in legal decisions or contractual options.
    The parties had the choice to accept or reject the settlement offer.
  2. (n.) In constitutional or administrative law, the principle that individuals have the liberty to select legal rights or remedies.
    Voters exercised their choice in the election for representatives.
  3. (n.) A provision in a contract allowing one party to determine among options, often called a 'choice clause.'
    The contract included a choice of venue provision in case of dispute.

Commentary

In legal drafting, clarity on what constitutes choice—whether a procedural option or contractual term—is essential to prevent ambiguity in rights and obligations.


Choice Architecture

/ˈtʃɔɪs ˌɑːrkɪˈtɛktʃər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The design or organization of the context in which individuals make decisions, influencing their legal or contractual choices without restricting options.
    The contract’s choice architecture subtly guided the parties towards arbitration instead of litigation.

Forms

  • choice architecture
  • choice architectures

Commentary

Choice architecture is a key concept in behavioral law and economics, emphasizing how legal frameworks can structure decisions to promote desired outcomes without coercion.


Choice of Evils

/ˈtʃɔɪs əv ˈiːvəlz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal defense allowing a person to commit an unlawful act to prevent a greater harm.
    The defendant invoked choice of evils to justify breaking into the cabin to avoid freezing to death.

Forms

  • choice of evils

Commentary

This doctrine is often used in criminal law to justify illegal acts done under emergency conditions to avoid more significant harm.


Choice of Law

/ˈtʃɔɪs əv lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal doctrine or process by which a court or parties determine which jurisdiction's laws apply to a dispute involving multiple jurisdictions.
    The contract included a choice of law clause specifying that New York law governed any disputes.
  2. (n.) A clause within a contract that designates the applicable jurisdiction's law to govern the interpretation and enforcement of the contract.
    The choice of law provision prevented the parties from litigating under their respective home state laws.

Forms

  • choice of laws

Commentary

Choice of law determinations are critical in multi-jurisdictional cases and often depend on statutory rules, contractual provisions, or case law.


Choice of Law Clause

/ˈtʃɔɪs ʌv lɔː ˈklɔːz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A contractual provision specifying which jurisdiction's laws will govern the interpretation and enforcement of the contract.
    The choice of law clause in the agreement designated New York law as controlling.

Forms

  • choice of law clause
  • choice of law clauses

Commentary

Often included to provide predictability and reduce disputes; should be drafted clearly to avoid ambiguity regarding applicable law.


Chose

/ˈʃoʊz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A tangible right or personal property interest capable of being owned and transferred, often used in property and trust law.
    The trustee held the chose in action until it could be assigned.

Forms

  • chose
  • choses

Commentary

Often appears in contexts distinguishing between choses in possession (physical property) and choses in action (rights enforceable by litigation).


Chose in Action

/ˈʃoʊz ɪn ˈækʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A personal right to recover a debt or claim enforceable by litigation rather than possession of physical property.
    The plaintiff asserted a chose in action to claim damages for breach of contract.

Forms

  • chose in action
  • choses in action

Commentary

Typically used in common law to denote rights that are intangible and only enforceable through legal action, distinguishing them from tangible choses in possession.


Chose in Possession

/ˈʃoʊz ɪn pəˈzɛʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A personal tangible property right that is possessory and can be transferred by delivery, such as physical goods or chattels.
    The buyer acquired a chose in possession when the goods were physically delivered.

Forms

  • chose in possession

Commentary

Unlike a chose in action, a chose in possession involves a tangible object subject to immediate possession and control.


Chronic Illness

/ˈkrɒnɪk ˈɪlnəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A medical condition or disease persisting for a long time or constantly recurring, relevant in legal contexts such as disability claims and healthcare regulations.
    The plaintiff provided medical evidence of a chronic illness affecting their ability to work.

Forms

  • chronic illness

Commentary

In legal drafting, specifying chronic illness can impact eligibility criteria and precedent in disability and insurance cases.


Chronological

/krəˈnɒlədʒɪkəl/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Arranged in order of time; used to describe the sequence of events as they happened.
    The court reviewed the chronological timeline of the contractual negotiations to determine liability.

Commentary

In legal drafting and analysis, presenting facts in chronological order aids clarity and helps establish causation or sequence of events.


Chronological Order

/ˌkrɒn.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl ˈɔːr.dər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The arrangement of events or documents in the order they occurred in time, commonly used in legal cases to present evidence or facts sequentially.
    The lawyer presented the incident reports in chronological order to clarify the timeline of events.

Commentary

Used frequently to structure facts or evidence in legal arguments or documentary presentations to ensure temporal clarity.


Chronologically

/krəˈnɒl.ə.dʒɪ.kli/

Definitions

  1. (adv.) In the order of time; arranged according to the sequence of events.
    The witness recounted the events chronologically to clarify the timeline of the case.

Commentary

In legal contexts, presenting facts chronologically helps establish clear temporal relations essential for case analysis.


Chronology

/krəˈnɒlədʒi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence, particularly in legal documents or evidence.
    The chronology of events was critical in establishing the timeline for the contract dispute.

Forms

  • chronologies

Commentary

In legal drafting, a clear chronology aids in proving or disproving claims by establishing event order; always verify dates for accuracy and consistency.


Church

/ˈtʃɜːrtʃ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An established religious institution or organization recognized by law, often with rights to hold property and perform ceremonies.
    The church was granted tax-exempt status under federal law.
  2. (n.) A building used for public Christian worship, often subject to specific zoning or heritage laws.
    The historic church is protected under the city's preservation ordinance.

Forms

  • churches

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'church' refers both to the organization itself and the physical building; distinctions matter for issues like property rights and tax status.


Church Jurisdiction

/ˈtʃɜːrtʃ dʒʊrɪsˌdɪkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The authority or power exercised by ecclesiastical bodies to govern church members and matters according to religious laws and policies.
    The bishop's church jurisdiction covers disciplinary actions within the diocese.
  2. (n.) The legal scope within which a church or religious organization may adjudicate or enforce its rules and decisions.
    Church jurisdiction does not extend to civil legal disputes involving members.

Forms

  • church jurisdictions

Commentary

Church jurisdiction typically involves both spiritual and administrative authority and should be clearly distinguished from secular jurisdiction in legal drafting.

Glossary – CH Terms