Browse full definitions for every SE term in the Amicus glossary.
/ˈsiː ˈkærɪɪdʒ ˈkɒntrækt/
The sea carriage contract specified the schedule and liability limits for the shipment of goods.
This contract is central in maritime law and often incorporates standardized terms like those in the Hague-Visby Rules to allocate risk and responsibility.
/ˈsiːˌfɛərɪŋ/
The seafaring industry is heavily regulated under international maritime law.
Seafaring requires knowledge of maritime safety regulations and international conventions.
In legal contexts, 'seafaring' often pertains to occupational and regulatory frameworks governing maritime activities, distinct from general nautical terminology.
/ˈsiːl/
The contract bore the company's official seal to confirm its validity.
The judge affixed his seal to the decree.
The parties sealed the agreement in the presence of witnesses.
The court ordered the records to be sealed.
In legal drafting, the use of seals can affect the enforceability or formality of documents; modern practice often regards seals as symbolic rather than essential, but some jurisdictions retain specific rules regarding their use.
/ˈsiːl ɪmˈprɛʃən/
The notary affixed her seal impression to the contract to verify its legitimacy.
Seal impressions serve as physical evidence of the application of a seal and imply formal approval or certification in legal contexts.
/ˈsiːl əv ˈɒfɪs/
The judge affixed the seal of office to certify the legal document.
The seal of office is distinct from personal or corporate seals and specifically denotes authority derived from a public office; ensure clarity when drafting to distinguish from other types of seals.
/ˈsiːld bɪd/
The company submitted a sealed bid to ensure confidentiality during the tender process.
The government contract was awarded after reviewing all sealed bids.
Use sealed bids to maintain competitive fairness and confidentiality; drafting should specify submission and opening procedures clearly.
/ˈsiːld bɪd ˈɔːkʃən/
The contract was awarded through a sealed bid auction to ensure fairness and confidentiality.
Sealed bid auctions are often used in government and commercial contract awards to prevent collusion and encourage competitive pricing.
/ˈsiːld ˈbɪdɪŋ/
The government contract was awarded through sealed bidding to ensure fairness.
Sealed bidding emphasizes impartiality and transparency by preventing bidders from seeing competitors' offers before submission.
/ˈsiːld ˈdɒkjəmənt/
The parties submitted a sealed document to the court to protect sensitive information.
Sealed documents are frequently used in litigation and administrative proceedings to preserve privacy or protect proprietary information; ensure the sealing complies with jurisdictional rules to avoid invalidation.
/ˈsiːld ˈɔːrdər/
The judge issued a sealed order to protect the identity of the witness.
Sealed orders are typically used to maintain privacy in sensitive cases; drafters should specify the sealing duration and scope explicitly.
/ˈsiːld ˈrɛkərd/
The plaintiff requested a copy of the sealed record, but the court denied access due to privacy concerns.
The sealed record contained sensitive information that was not disclosed during the trial.
A sealed record is distinct from a general court record in its restricted accessibility; drafters should specify the conditions under which the record may be unsealed.
/ˈsiːlɪŋ ˈɔːrdər/
The judge issued a sealing order to protect sensitive information in the custody dispute.
The sealing order restricted access to the criminal trial records.
Sealing orders are important procedural tools to preserve privacy, trade secrets, or security interests; drafters should specify the scope and duration clearly.
/ˈsɜːrtʃ/
The police conducted a search of the suspect's home with a warrant.
Officers searched the vehicle for illegal drugs.
In legal contexts, 'search' often requires adherence to constitutional protections, notably under the Fourth Amendment in the U.S., necessitating warrants or exceptions thereto.
/ˈsɜːrtʃ ænd rɪˈskjuː/
The search and rescue operation was initiated immediately after the plane crashed in the mountains.
In legal contexts, 'search and rescue' often involves statutory authority and liability considerations, especially regarding governmental duty and jurisdiction.
/ˈsɜrtʃ ænd rɪˈskjuː əˈgriːmənt/
The coastal nations signed a search and rescue agreement to jointly respond to maritime emergencies.
Such agreements are key in international law to ensure clear responsibilities and coordination during cross-border emergencies, minimizing jurisdictional disputes.
/ˈsɜːrtʃ ænd rɪˈskjuː lɔː/
Search and rescue law establishes the legal framework for coordinating emergency response efforts in disaster situations.
Search and rescue law intersects with international treaties and domestic regulations, requiring precise coordination among multiple agencies and clear delineation of duty and authority.
/ˈsɜːrtʃ ænd ˈrɛskjuː ˈɔːrdər/
The court issued a search and rescue order to locate the hikers lost in the national park.
Typically issued by courts or authorized agencies, a search and rescue order empowers timely intervention in life-threatening or emergency situations.
/ˈsɜrtʃ ænd səˈzɪər/
The police conducted a search and seizure of the suspect's home to find incriminating evidence.
The court ruled that the search and seizure violated the defendant's Fourth Amendment rights.
Search and seizure embodies both the procedural act and the constitutional framework, emphasizing the balance between law enforcement interests and individual privacy protections.
/ˈsɜrtʃ kraɪˌtɪriə/
The attorney refined the search criteria to locate relevant emails for the discovery process.
Search criteria are crucial in legal contexts to define the scope and parameters of what is sought during investigations or discovery, ensuring focused and efficient retrieval of pertinent information.
/ˈsɜːrtʃ ˌɛnʤɪn/
The court relied on a search engine to locate precedents relevant to the case.
In legal contexts, search engines are critical tools for e-discovery and regulatory compliance, where the accuracy and scope of retrieval may affect case outcomes.
/ˈsɜːrtʃ ˈɪnsɪdənt tuː əˈrɛst/
The police conducted a search incident to arrest immediately after detaining the suspect.
This exception to the warrant requirement is narrowly construed to prevent harm and evidence destruction, and typically limited to the area within immediate control of the arrestee.
/ˈsɜːrtʃ ˈwɒrənt/
The police secured a search warrant before entering the suspect's home.
A search warrant must be supported by probable cause and specify the scope and location of the search to be valid; its issuance often requires a sworn affidavit.
/ˈsiːzənəl ɪmˈplɔɪi/
The company hired seasonal employees to handle increased workload during the summer months.
Seasonal employees often have different rights and benefits compared to permanent staff; clarity in contract terms is essential to delineate duration and expectations.
/ˈsiːzənd ˈekwɪti ˈɔːfərɪŋ/
The corporation announced a seasoned equity offering to fund its expansion plans.
Draft definitions should clarify that this offering follows an IPO, distinguishing it from initial offerings.
/siːt/
She holds a seat on the city council.
The company’s seat is in Delaware.
The tax liability depends on the seat of the corporation.
In legal contexts, "seat" can denote both a physical place and a legal locus of authority; clarity depends on context.
/ˈsiːt ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/
The seat allocation in the parliament was determined based on the latest election results.
Seat allocation often involves consideration of proportional representation and legal criteria to ensure fair distribution among competing entities.
/ˈsiːt əv ˈɡʌvərnmənt/
The capital city is recognized as the seat of government for the country.
The constitution stipulates that the seat of government shall be at the designated capital.
Typically refers to the physical location recognized by law as the center of government operations; important in constitutional and administrative law contexts.
/ˈsiːt əv ˈpaʊər/
The capital city is considered the main seat of power in the nation.
The presidency is often regarded as the highest seat of power in the state.
Used to denote the locus where legal or political control is centered; commonly invoked in constitutional and administrative law contexts.
/ˌɛs iː siː ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/
The SEC enforcement division initiated an investigation into insider trading allegations.
This term specifically refers to enforcement activities by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and is not interchangeable with general enforcement terms.
/ˌɛs i ˈsiː ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃənz/
The company must comply with the SEC regulations when issuing new stock.
Typically refers to comprehensive regulatory provisions issued by the SEC; important for drafting to specify applicable sections or rules within the broader SEC regulatory framework.
/ˌɛs iː ˈsiː ruːlz/
Companies must comply with SEC rules to legally issue stock to the public.
Often cited collectively, SEC rules form a specialized regulatory framework critical for market transparency and investor protection.
/sɪˈsɛʃən/
The secession of the southern states led to the American Civil War.
The company's division announced its secession to form a new independent firm.
Use with care to distinguish political secession from corporate or organizational contexts; legal viability often depends on jurisdictional constitutional provisions.
/sɪˈkluːʒən/
The witness was placed in seclusion to prevent any external influence during testimony.
The patient was kept in seclusion following aggressive behavior at the facility.
Legally, seclusion often denotes a controlled, lawful isolation rather than mere privacy; drafting should clarify context when used in statutes or contracts.
/ˈsɛk.ənd/
The witness had exactly ten seconds to respond to the question.
The defendant's second advised him during the arbitration process.
A member of the committee seconded the motion to amend the bylaws.
In legal usage, 'second' as a noun often relates to timing or support roles in procedures; as a verb, it is critical in motions and nominations. Context determines meaning.
/ˈsɛkənd ˈɪnstəns/
The case was appealed to the second instance for further review.
Often used to distinguish the appellate stage from the original trial; terminology varies by jurisdiction, with 'first instance' indicating the trial court.
/ˈsekənd ˈleɪdi/
The Second Lady often undertakes various ceremonial duties during the Vice President's term.
The term denotes a ceremonial role without constitutional duties, often involved in public and charitable activities.
/ˈsɛkənd ˈmɔːrɡɪdʒ/
The borrower took out a second mortgage to cover additional renovations.
A second mortgage ranks behind a primary mortgage in priority, impacting foreclosure rights and interest rates.
/ˈsekənd straɪk kəˌpæbɪlɪti/
The doctrine of second strike capability is central to maintaining mutual assured destruction between nuclear powers.
Second strike capability is a cornerstone concept in international law relating to arms control and strategic deterrence treaties, emphasizing credible retaliation to prevent nuclear aggression.
/ˈsɛkənd dɪˈɡri ˈmɜrdər/
He was convicted of second-degree murder for the fatal stabbing during the sudden altercation.
Second-degree murder generally covers intentional killings without prior planning, differentiating it from first-degree murder by absence of premeditation; precise definitions vary by jurisdiction.
/ˈsɛkənd ˈpɑːrti ɪnˈʃʊrəns/
The second-party insurance policy provided the injured employee with compensation after the accident.
Second-party insurance is less common terminology, often used to emphasize the insured or beneficiary's role distinct from first- or third-party perspectives; drafting should clarify the position of parties involved.
/ˈsɛkənˌdɛri/
The secondary evidence was admitted when the original documents were unavailable.
Secondary liability arises when a party is responsible for another's primary wrongdoing.
The secondary jurisdiction of the appellate court allows it to review trial decisions.
In legal drafting, 'secondary' often qualifies the nature or priority of evidence, liability, or jurisdiction, distinguishing it from primary or original instances.
/ˈsɛkəndɛri ˈbɔɪkɒt/
The union engaged in a secondary boycott against suppliers to support the primary strike.
Secondary boycotts are generally illegal under the National Labor Relations Act.
Secondary boycotts are subject to strict regulation and often prohibited; legal definitions focus on the distinction from primary boycotts and the involvement of neutral third parties.
/ˈsɛkəndɛri ˌɛdʒʊˈkeɪʃən/
The law requires compulsory secondary education until the age of 16.
Secondary education is often regulated by statutes defining the minimum duration and conditions for attendance; drafting educational legislation should clarify the age range and institutional criteria for this level.
/ˈsɛkəndɛri ɛmˈplɔɪmənt/
The company policy restricts employees from secondary employment that conflicts with their main job duties.
Secondary employment clauses are commonly included in employment agreements to address potential conflicts and ensure primary job performance is not compromised.
/ˈsekəndɛri ˈɛvɪdəns/
The witness testified with secondary evidence after the original contract was lost.
Secondary evidence must satisfy the best evidence rule and is admissible only when the original document cannot be produced.
/ˈsɛkəndɛri ˈmɑrkɪt/
Investors often turn to the secondary market to buy shares after the initial public offering.
The secondary market facilitates liquidity and price discovery for financial instruments after their initial issuance, crucial in securities regulation and trading law.
/ˈsɛk.ən.dɛr.i ˈmin.ɪŋ/
The term achieved secondary meaning after extensive advertising that made consumers associate it with a specific brand.
Secondary meaning is crucial in trademark law to establish protection for marks lacking inherent distinctiveness, emphasizing consumer perception over intrinsic qualities.
/ˈsɛkəndɛri ˈmɔːrɡɪdʒ/
The lender took a secondary mortgage to secure additional funds after the first mortgage was finalized.
Secondary mortgages typically have higher interest rates and greater risk due to their subordinate lien position.
/ˈsɛkəndɛri ˈɔːfərɪŋ/
The company announced a secondary offering to raise funds for its expansion.
Secondary offerings can be dilutive or non-dilutive depending on whether new shares are issued or existing shares are sold.
/ˈsɛkəndɛri straɪk/
The union called a secondary strike to support workers at the supplier’s factory.
Secondary strikes are often restricted or regulated under labor laws to prevent undue pressure on neutral employers.
/ˈsɛkəndli/
Secondly, the contract lacks the necessary consideration to be enforceable.
Typically used in legal writing to organize points clearly; avoid overuse to maintain persuasiveness.
/ˈsɛkəndmənt/
Her secondment to the corporate legal department lasted six months.
Primarily used in employment law and contract contexts, secondment involves temporary reallocation of personnel without terminating the original employment contract.
/ˈsiː.krə.si/
The lawyer emphasized the necessity of secrecy in handling client information.
The court upheld the principle of secrecy to protect trade secrets from competitors.
Secrecy in legal contexts often requires balancing transparency with protection of sensitive information; clarity in drafting nondisclosure terms is essential.
/ˈsiːkrəsi ˌlɛdʒɪsˈleɪʃən/
The government enacted new secrecy legislation to safeguard national security information.
Secrecy legislation often requires employees to sign non-disclosure agreements.
Secrecy legislation commonly intersects with confidentiality and data protection laws; drafters should clearly specify scope and penalties for breaches.
/ˈsiː.krɪt/
Trade secrets must remain confidential to retain legal protection.
The parties signed a secret agreement not to disclose the terms.
In legal contexts, 'secret' often implies protected information subject to confidentiality or nondisclosure obligations; clarity in defining scope is critical when drafting agreements.
/ˈsiːkrɪt ˈeɪdʒənt/
The secret agent gathered intelligence behind enemy lines.
In legal contexts, a secret agent often operates under confidentiality provisions and may be subject to specific statutes regarding intelligence and national security.
/ˈsiː.krət ˈbæl.ət/
The election was conducted by secret ballot to protect voter privacy.
The secret ballot is a fundamental democratic principle designed to prevent voter intimidation and maintain election integrity.
/ˈsiːkrɪt kɔːrt/
The secret court issued its ruling without disclosing details to the public.
Secret courts typically operate under strict confidentiality rules to handle cases involving classified information; drafters should clarify the scope and limits of secrecy to uphold due process.
/ˈsiːkrɪt kiː/
The parties exchanged a secret key to secure their confidential communications.
In legal contexts, a secret key is fundamental in digital evidence protection and compliance with data privacy laws.
/ˈsiːkrɪt ˈmɪʃən/
The agent was dispatched on a secret mission to gather sensitive information abroad.
In legal contexts, 'secret mission' usually pertains to classified government or military activities subject to specific statutory and regulatory controls regarding secrecy and disclosure.
/ˈsiːkrɪt ˈsɜːrvɪs ˈeɪdʒənt/
The secret service agent escorted the president during the public event.
Typically refers to agents who perform both protective duties and criminal investigations related to counterfeiting and threats against high-profile officials.
/ˈsiːkrət səˈsaɪəti/
The court investigated the secret society for possible involvement in illegal activities.
In legal contexts, secret societies attract attention when their concealment relates to illicit conduct or breaches of law; drafting should clarify the group's purpose and any relevant statutory provisions regarding clandestine groups.
/ˌsɛkrəˈtɛriət/
The secretariat prepared all necessary documents for the arbitration hearing.
In legal contexts, 'secretariat' often denotes the central administrative body that facilitates procedural and organizational functions for judicial or international institutions.
/ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri/
The corporate secretary ensured that all board meeting minutes were properly documented.
The Secretary of State negotiated the treaty on behalf of the country.
In legal drafting, clarify the capacity in which 'secretary' is used, as it may refer to an administrative officer or a high-ranking government appointee.
/ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt/
The Secretary of State met with foreign diplomats to negotiate the treaty.
The Secretary of State issued the certificate of incorporation for the new company.
The term varies by jurisdiction; in the U.S. federal government, it primarily denotes the chief diplomat, whereas in U.S. states it often refers to an official managing elections and public records.
/sɪˈkriːt/
The company was accused of secreting sensitive documents to avoid disclosure during litigation.
In legal contexts, 'secrete' often pertains metaphorically to hiding or withholding information or documents, beyond its biological meaning.
/ˈsɛkt/
The court examined whether the organization qualified as a religious sect under the law.
The sect was accused of violating securities laws through its separate financial activities.
In legal contexts, 'sect' often arises in religious freedom cases, tax law, and regulatory investigations involving distinct groups within larger bodies.
/ˌsɛktəˈrɪənɪzəm/
Sectarianism can complicate efforts to uphold impartial justice in divided societies.
In legal texts, sectarianism often appears in discussions of hate crimes, anti-discrimination law, and conflict resolution, highlighting its role in social divisions affecting legal rights and protections.
/ˈsekʃən/
Section 5 of the contract outlines the payment terms.
The property boundary is defined by Section 12 of the land survey.
In legal drafting, sections help organize lengthy documents for clarity and reference; always check cross-references within and between sections to maintain coherence.
/ˈsɛkʃən ˌnaɪntiːn ˈeɪti ˈθriː/
The plaintiff filed a Section 1983 lawsuit against the police officer for excessive force.
Commonly cited as '42 U.S.C. § 1983,' this provision is pivotal for civil rights litigation and requires that claims involve state action.
/ˈsɛkʃən ˌtuː ˈθɜːrti/
Section 230 protects social media platforms from lawsuits over user-generated content.
Section 230 is central in U.S. internet law, often cited in debates over free speech and platform responsibility.
/ˈsɛkʃən 230 si di eɪ/
Section 230 CDA protects social media companies from being sued over user-posted content.
Section 230 CDA is a foundational statute for internet law, often debated for its role in balancing free speech and platform responsibility.
/ˈsɛkʃən ˈtuː ˈθɜrti ɪˈmjuːnɪti/
The website claimed Section 230 immunity to avoid being held responsible for defamatory comments posted by its users.
Section 230 immunity is a pivotal concept in internet law, emphasizing the distinction between content creators and platforms; clarity in drafting relies on precise reference to user-generated content and platform responsibilities.
/ˈsɛkʃən ˈtuːˈθɜrti əv ðə kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃənz dɪˈsɛnsi ækt/
Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act protects social media platforms from being held liable for posts made by their users.
Section 230 is central to modern internet law, balancing free expression with platform accountability; precise drafting is crucial to define platform roles and limits of immunity.
Section 4958 of the Internal Revenue Code penalizes improper financial benefits conferred by nonprofit organizations.
Section 4958 is commonly cited in nonprofit compliance contexts to address self-dealing and excess benefit transactions.
/ˈsɛkʃən faɪv.oʊ ˈfɔr/
Section 504 ensures that students with disabilities receive equal access to education.
Section 504 is foundational for disability rights law and often referenced in contexts involving educational and workplace accommodations.
/ˈsɛkʃən ˈfɪfti fɔr əv ðə ˌrɛhəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən ækt/
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act requires reasonable accommodations for disabled employees in federally funded workplaces.
Section 504 is a foundational civil rights provision predating the ADA, crucial in disability rights litigation and policy, emphasizing nondiscrimination and accessibility in federally funded contexts.
/ˈsɛkʃən faɪv ˈtʊː ˈtwɛlv dɪ-ɛm-si-eɪ/
The platform invoked Section 512 DMCA to avoid liability for user-uploaded infringing content.
Section 512 DMCA is critical in balancing copyright enforcement and internet service provider liability; precise adherence to procedural requirements is essential for safe harbor eligibility.
/ˈsɛkʃən ˈeɪti θriː/
Section 83 of the Internal Revenue Code addresses the taxation of property transferred in connection with the performance of services.
Section numbers are often cited without full titles; clarity requires referencing the full statute name in legal drafting to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsɛktər/
The environmental laws specifically regulate the energy sector.
The zoning ordinance restricts commercial use in this sector of the municipality.
In legal drafting, specifying the sector can clarify the scope of regulation or contractual applicability.
/ˈsɛktərəl ˈpɒlɪsi/
The government implemented a new sectoral policy to boost renewable energy industries.
Sectoral policy often reflects targeted legal frameworks affecting distinct parts of the economy or society, distinct from broad or general policies.
/ˈsekjʊlərɪz(ə)m/
The constitution enshrines secularism to ensure freedom of religion and state neutrality.
Secularism guides courts to interpret laws without religious bias.
Secularism in legal contexts often underpins constitutional guarantees and judicial interpretations promoting neutrality between religion and state.
/ˈsiːkjʊər/
The company issued new securities to raise capital.
The debtor provided a secur interest in the machinery to the lender.
The term 'secur' is rarely used alone; it often appears as a root in words like 'security' or 'securitize.' In drafting, it's important to distinguish 'secur' as a root versus specific terms derived from it.
/sɪˈkjʊər/
The documents are kept in a secure location to prevent unauthorized access.
The creditor secured a lien on the debtor's property.
As a verb in legal contexts, 'secure' often refers to obtaining a security interest or right in property. Adjective use relates to safety and legal protection.
/ˈsɪkjʊər kʌˈstədi/
The court ordered secure custody of the minor until further hearings.
The inmate was placed in secure custody due to the risk of violence.
The term typically denotes custody involving additional protective measures; usage often depends on jurisdictional context and may overlap with protective custody or detention terms.
/ˈsɪkjʊər fəˈsɪləti/
The suspect was transferred to a secure facility pending trial.
The documents are stored in a secure facility with restricted personnel access.
The term is often used in criminal justice to denote physical confinement sites; in other contexts, it refers to locations with enhanced security to protect valuables or sensitive information.
/ˈsɪkjʊərd ˈɛərɪə/
Only authorized personnel are allowed to enter the secured area to prevent unauthorized access.
The term typically appears in contexts involving physical or cyber security protocols and facility management, emphasizing control and legal limitations on entry.
/ˈsɪkjʊrd bɒnd/
The company issued a secured bond to finance its expansion, pledging property as collateral.
Secured bonds typically have lower interest rates than unsecured bonds due to the collateral backing, making them a safer investment option.
/ˈsɪkjʊərd kleɪm/
The lender filed a secured claim against the debtor's property.
Typically used in bankruptcy law to distinguish claims supported by collateral from unsecured claims; precise identification of collateral is crucial in documentation.
/sɪˈkjʊrd ˈkrɛdɪt/
The borrower obtained secured credit using their house as collateral.
Secured credit reduces the lender's risk by giving them rights to specific assets.
In drafting, clarify the collateral and security interest scope to avoid ambiguity in secured credit agreements.
/ˈsɪkjʊrd ˈkrɛdɪtər/
The secured creditor was first in line to recover debts from the repossessed collateral.
The term specifically denotes a creditor with a legal right in collateral, important for priority in insolvency or enforcement contexts.
/ˈsɪkjʊərd dɛt/
The borrower defaulted on the secured debt, so the creditor repossessed the collateral.
Secured debt is distinct from unsecured debt because it involves specific collateral, affecting creditor remedies and priority in insolvency.
/ˈsɪkjʊərd ˈfaɪnænsɪŋ/
The company obtained secured financing by pledging its inventory as collateral.
Secured financing often involves specific documentation creating a security interest in collateral, which is critical for enforcement and priority in insolvency.
/ˈsɪkjʊərd ˈlɛndɪŋ/
The bank approved the loan due to the secured lending arrangement backed by the property.
Secured lending is fundamental in commercial finance, emphasizing the importance of collateral to reduce lender risk.
/ˈsɪkjʊərd loʊn/
The borrower obtained a secured loan by pledging her car as collateral.
Secured loans are distinguished by the presence of collateral; precise drafting should identify the collateral and the terms of enforcement clearly.
/ˈsɪkjʊrd ˈpɑːrti/
The secured party has priority over unsecured creditors in repossessing the collateral.
The term is primarily used within secured transactions law, especially under Article 9 of the UCC; clarity in drafting security agreements is key to defining the secured party’s rights.
/ˈsɪkjʊrd trænsˈækʃən/
The lender perfected its security interest in the borrower’s equipment under the secured transaction framework.
Primarily governed by Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code in the U.S., secured transactions create priority rights in collateral, crucial for credit and financing arrangements.
/ˈsɪkjʊrd trænˈzækʃənz lɔː/
Under Secured Transactions Law, the creditor perfected a security interest in the debtor's inventory.
Typically governed in the U.S. by Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, this law focuses on the attachment, perfection, priority, and enforcement of security interests.
/ˈsɪkjʊərɪtiz əˈkaʊnt/
She opened a securities account to trade government bonds.
The term is primarily used in the context of custody and trading of securities; it denotes the legal relationship whereby the holder has rights to the securities reflected in the account.
/ˈsɛkjʊrɪtiz ækt/
The Securities Act requires companies to provide full disclosure before issuing stock to the public.
Commonly refers specifically to the Securities Act of 1933, foundational in US securities regulation emphasizing registration and disclosure.
/ˈsɛkjʊrɪtiz ækt əv 1933/
The Securities Act of 1933 requires companies to file a registration statement before selling securities to the public.
Often called the 'truth in securities' law, it primarily focuses on primary market issuance and full disclosure.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz əˈɡriːmənt/
The lender required the borrower to execute a securities agreement to secure the loan with company equipment.
Typically accompanies a loan or credit agreement and must clearly describe the collateral to perfect security interests.
/ˈsɛkjʊrɪtiz ænd ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ kəˈmɪʃən/
The Securities and Exchange Commission investigates allegations of insider trading.
Often abbreviated as SEC; reference to it should include its regulatory and enforcement authority over securities markets.
/ˈsɪkjʊərɪtiz əˈpreɪzl/
The court ordered a securities appraisal to resolve the dispute over the company's stock value.
Securities appraisal is distinct from general asset appraisal as it specifically addresses legal valuation issues related to securities, often under statutory shareholder protections.
/ˈsiːkjʊrɪtiz ˈbroʊkər/
The securities broker executed the trade on behalf of the investor.
In legal drafting, clearly distinguish between 'securities broker' and 'broker-dealer,' as the latter includes firms acting in both capacities and may be subject to additional regulatory requirements.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz ˈklɪərɪŋ/
The securities clearing process ensures that the buyer receives the stock and the seller receives payment promptly.
Securities clearing is distinct from settlement, focusing on the validation and matching of trades before final transfer; precise definitions vary by jurisdiction and entity.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz kəˈmɪʃən/
The Securities Commission investigated the insider trading allegations thoroughly.
Before operating, the firm obtained approval from the Securities Commission.
Term often appears as a generic reference to a country's securities regulatory agency; exact name and scope vary jurisdictionally.
/ˈsɪkjʊərɪtiz ˈkɒntrækt/
The parties entered into a securities contract to hedge against market fluctuations.
Use 'securities contract' to emphasize agreements specifically tied to securities transactions, distinct from general contracts.
/ˈsɛkjʊrɪtiz kʌˈstoʊdiən/
The securities custodian ensures the safe storage and accurate record-keeping of clients' investment assets.
The term highlights the fiduciary responsibility for safekeeping and managing securities rather than direct ownership or trading.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz dɪˈləːr/
The securities dealer facilitated the purchase of corporate bonds for the client.
Securities dealers must comply with strict reporting requirements imposed by regulatory authorities.
The term refers broadly to regulated professionals trading securities; distinctions between dealers and brokers affect legal obligations and compliance requirements.
/ˈsɛkjʊrɪtiz dɪˈpɒzɪtɔːri/
The securities depository ensures the efficient exchange of ownership titles without physical certificate transfer.
Central banks often rely on a securities depository to reduce settlement risks in government bond transactions.
Typically functions as a central securities depository (CSD) in market infrastructure; drafting should clarify whether physical or electronic custody is addressed.
/ˈsɛkjʊrɪtiz dɪsˈkloʊʒər/
The company faced penalties for failing to comply with securities disclosure requirements.
Securities disclosure duties are critical in ensuring market transparency and investor protection; drafters should clearly specify the timing and scope of required disclosures.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪtiz dɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən əˈɡriːmənt/
The securities distribution agreement outlined the responsibilities of both parties in marketing the new stock.
Usage requires clear terms on rights, obligations, and regulatory compliance to avoid disputes in the distribution of securities.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/
The securities exchange regulates listings and trading of shares to ensure transparency and fairness.
The securities exchange must comply with strict regulatory standards to maintain its license.
The term encompasses both the physical or electronic marketplace and the legal entity managing it; clarity depends on context.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ ækt/
The Securities Exchange Act requires companies to disclose material information to investors.
Commonly cited as 'the 1934 Act,' it primarily governs secondary trading of securities and created the SEC to enforce its provisions.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪtiz ɪksˈʧeɪndʒ ækt ʌv 1934/
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 established the Securities and Exchange Commission to oversee stock market activities.
This Act primarily governs securities trading after initial issuance and created the SEC, a crucial regulatory authority in U.S. financial markets.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz ɪgˈzɛmpʃən/
The private placement qualified as a securities exemption, avoiding costly registration requirements.
Securities exemptions serve to streamline regulation by excluding low-risk or specific transaction types from registration; drafters should specify the applicable statutory provision to ensure clarity.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪtiz ˈfaɪlɪŋz/
The company's annual securities filings include detailed financial statements.
Securities filings are typically mandated by securities regulators to ensure transparency and protect investors; precise terminology depends on jurisdiction and regulatory context.
/ˈsɪkjʊərɪtiz fɜrm/
The securities firm advised its client on the purchase of corporate bonds.
The securities firm must register with the SEC to legally underwrite public offerings.
The term typically refers to registered entities in capital markets; usage varies by jurisdiction and regulatory context.
/ˈsɛkjʊrɪtiz frɔd/
The company was charged with securities fraud for falsifying financial statements.
Securities fraud cases often involve insider trading or misrepresentation.
Securities fraud is typically prosecuted under both civil and criminal statutes, involving intricate financial regulations. Draft definitions should emphasize deception and market impact.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz frɔːd ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/
The investor filed securities fraud litigation against the company for misrepresenting its financial health.
Securities fraud litigation often involves complex factual investigations and statutory interpretation under securities laws such as the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
/ˈsɪkjʊɹɪtiz ɪˈʃuːəns/
The company completed its securities issuance to fund the new project.
Often regulated by securities laws to ensure transparency and investor protection; drafting should clarify the type of securities involved and compliance with applicable regulations.
/ˈsɛkjʊrɪtiz ɪˈsuːər/
The securities issuer filed a registration statement with the SEC before the public offering.
The term typically appears in the context of securities regulation and compliance; clarity about the issuer’s obligations in disclosure and registration is crucial in drafting related agreements.
/ˈsɪkjʊərɪtiz lɔː/
Securities law requires companies to disclose material information to investors to prevent fraud.
Securities law encompasses both federal and state statutes regulating securities markets; drafters should specify jurisdiction and type of security to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsɪkjʊərɪtiz ˈlɔːjər/
The securities lawyer advised the firm on the legal requirements for issuing stock.
In drafting, clearly distinguish securities law from other financial regulations to avoid ambiguity; securities lawyers often focus on compliance, transactional law, and litigation involving securities markets.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/
The company faced securities litigation for misleading investors in its stock offerings.
Securities litigation typically involves complex federal and state statutes requiring specialized procedural and substantive legal knowledge.
/ˈsɛkjʊrɪtiz ˈmɑːrkɪt/
Investors rely on the securities market to trade shares and raise capital legally.
The term encompasses both physical and electronic venues for trading securities and may include primary and secondary markets.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz ˈɒfrɪŋ/
The company completed a securities offering to finance its expansion.
A securities offering involves strict regulatory compliance, including disclosures mandated by securities law to protect investors.
/ˈsɪkjʊərɪtiz ˌrɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃən/
The company completed its securities registration before launching the public offering.
Securities registration involves strict compliance with disclosure requirements to protect investors; drafters should ensure all material information is included to avoid liability.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪtiz ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈsteɪtmənt/
The company filed a securities registration statement before launching its initial public offering.
The statement must comply with regulatory disclosure requirements to avoid material misstatements or omissions.
/ˈsɛkjʊrɪtiz ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
The company faced penalties for violating securities regulation by failing to disclose critical financial information.
Securities regulation is enforced by agencies like the SEC to prevent fraud and market manipulation.
Securities regulation often involves complex compliance requirements and is primarily concerned with balancing investor protection and capital market efficiency.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz ˈrɛɡjʊleɪtə/
The securities regulator imposed fines on the company for insider trading.
Often appears interchangeably with specific agencies' names; drafting should specify the exact regulator relevant to the jurisdiction.
/ˈsɪkjʊərɪtiz ˈsɛtlmənt/
The securities settlement occurred promptly to minimize counterparty risk.
In drafting, clarify whether settlement refers to the transfer of securities, payment, or both, as practices may vary by jurisdiction.
/ˈsɛkjʊrətiz ˈsɛtlmənt ˈsɪstəm/
The securities settlement system ensures that the transfer of shares and corresponding payments occur simultaneously to reduce risk.
Often regulated by financial authorities to mitigate settlement risk; precise definitions may vary by jurisdiction but central to securities market functioning.
/ˈsɪk.jʊə.rɪ.tiz ˈtreɪ.dər/
The securities trader executed multiple stock transactions on the exchange today.
The term typically applies to regulated persons or firms making securities transactions; distinctions arise in legal contexts between traders acting for their own account and brokers acting as agents.
/ˈsɪkjʊərɪtiz ˈtreɪdɪŋ/
The firm specializes in securities trading under strict compliance with federal regulations.
Securities trading encompasses a broad range of activities subject to regulatory oversight to ensure market integrity and investor protection; definitions should highlight the regulated nature of the activity.
/ˈsɪkjʊərɪtiz trænˈzækʃən/
The securities transaction was completed after due diligence and regulatory approval.
The term broadly covers all forms of exchanges and transfers of securities, including stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments, and is often subject to regulatory oversight regarding disclosure and fraud prevention.
/ˈsɛkjʊərɪtiz ˈtrænsfɜːr/
The securities transfer was completed after all regulatory approvals were obtained.
In legal drafting, clearly specifying the method and documentation of a securities transfer can prevent disputes, especially regarding registration and notification requirements.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪtiz ˌʌndərˈraɪtɪŋ/
The firm specializes in securities underwriting for initial public offerings.
Securities underwriting involves both risk assessment and capital deployment; precise terms are often governed by underwriting agreements.
/ˌsɪˌkjʊərətaɪˈzeɪʃən/
The bank undertook securitisation to convert its mortgage loans into tradable securities.
Securitisation allows firms to manage risk by transforming illiquid assets into securities.
In drafting, clarify the type of assets securitised and regulatory compliance to specify legal scope and risk allocation.
/ˌsiːkjʊrətaɪˈzeɪʃən/
The bank engaged in securitization to convert its mortgage loans into tradable securities.
Securitization allows financial institutions to transfer risk and improve liquidity through legal structuring.
Often involves complex legal arrangements to isolate assets and ensure investor protection; precise definitions and terms should be clearly outlined in securitization agreements.
/ˈsiːkjʊrətaɪz/
The company decided to securitize its loan portfolio to raise capital.
Use precisely to distinguish the act of creating securities from related financial processes; often involves legal structuring of asset pools.
/ˈsɪkjʊrətaɪzd dɛt/
The company issued securitized debt to raise capital using its mortgage loans as collateral.
This term specifically refers to debt created through securitization processes; precise drafting should distinguish it from unsecured or traditional debt to clarify risk allocation.
/sɪˈkjʊərɪti/
The lender took a security interest in the borrower's property to guarantee the loan.
National security protocols were enhanced following the threat.
She invested in government securities to diversify her portfolio.
Legal use of "security" varies by context; specify whether referring to collateral, protective measures, or financial instruments to avoid ambiguity.
/sɪˈkjʊərɪti əˈgriːmənt/
The parties executed a security agreement to secure the loan with the borrower's equipment.
Security agreements must clearly describe the collateral to perfect the secured interest and avoid ambiguity in enforcement.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti əˈnæləsɪs/
The lawyer conducted a security analysis to ensure the investment complied with securities law.
Security analysis in legal contexts often supports due diligence processes and regulatory compliance, focusing on the intersection of financial valuation and legal requirements.
/sɪˈkjʊərɪti əˈsɪstəns/
The United States Congress approved increased security assistance to enhance regional stability.
Security assistance often includes training and supplying military equipment to partner countries.
Security assistance is a broad legal and policy term referring to various forms of support provided internationally, requiring careful specification in contracts and statutory texts to distinguish from other forms of aid.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈɔːdɪt/
The company performed a security audit to ensure compliance with data protection laws.
Often involves review of technical, administrative, and physical security measures to mitigate legal risks and ensure regulatory compliance.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈbroʊkər/
The security broker executed the client's order to purchase shares of stock.
In drafting, clarify whether the term refers to the individual or the firm acting as broker, and note regulatory compliance obligations distinguishing security brokers from other financial professionals.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ʧɛk/
All visitors must undergo a security check before entering the courthouse.
The security check detected a prohibited item in the passenger's luggage.
In legal contexts, 'security check' broadly covers identity verification and inspection procedures aimed at maintaining safety and compliance; clarity in specifying the type and purpose of check ensures precise legal drafting.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈtʃɛkpɔɪnt/
All passengers must pass through the security checkpoint before boarding the aircraft.
The term is commonly used in contexts involving transportation law and regulatory compliance; precise procedures at a security checkpoint may involve legal standards related to searches and privacy.
/sɪˈkjʊərəti ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
The company updated its security classification to ensure proper handling of confidential data.
The memorandum's security classification was marked as top secret to restrict unauthorized access.
Security classification often determines access controls and handling procedures; precise definitions depend on jurisdiction and agency protocols.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈklɪərəns/
He was denied a security clearance due to concerns arising in his background check.
Security clearance is a formal process typically used in government or defense contexts to ensure that individuals accessing sensitive information are trustworthy; drafting should specify the level of clearance and applicable jurisdiction where relevant.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈkɒntrækt/
The lender required a security contract to guarantee the borrower's repayment obligations.
Security contracts are crucial in secured transactions, where the contract specifically creates or provides for a security interest in collateral. Drafting should clearly specify the collateral and obligations secured to avoid disputes.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈkɒntræktər/
The government hired a security contractor to safeguard its facilities.
The term often appears in contexts involving contractual obligations and regulatory compliance concerning security services.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈkaʊnsəl/
The Security Council imposed sanctions to prevent the escalation of the conflict.
The term refers specifically to the UN Security Council. When used without context, it may require clarification to distinguish it from other national or organizational security councils.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ˌrɛzəˈluːʃənz/
The Security Council resolutions imposed sanctions on the offending country.
Security Council resolutions carry special weight in international law as they can impose binding obligations distinct from other UN organs' recommendations.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti dɪˈpɒzɪt/
The landlord held the tenant's security deposit until the lease ended to cover any damages.
Often stipulated in lease contracts, the security deposit is distinct from rent and is refundable subject to contract terms and property condition.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ɛnˈtaɪtlmənt/
The investor held a security entitlement to the shares registered in the brokerage account.
Under the Uniform Commercial Code, a security entitlement evidences a person's property interest in securities held by a broker.
The term is especially significant in the context of intermediated securities systems where the legal rights to securities are reflected as entitlements against intermediaries, rather than direct property rights in the underlying instruments.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈfiːʧər/
The contract included a security feature to verify the authenticity of signatures.
Data privacy laws often mandate security features to protect personal information.
In legal drafting, clearly specifying security features can reduce disputes regarding compliance and enforcement of protective measures.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti fɔrs/
The security force was deployed to safeguard the embassy during the protest.
The security force at the detention center operates under strict government oversight.
The term applies broadly to both public and private entities with statutory or contractual authority for protection and order; clarity on jurisdiction and authority is important in drafting.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti fʌnd/
The company maintained a security fund to cover potential claims from creditors.
Broker-dealers must contribute to the security fund to protect investors from losses due to fraud.
Security funds are typically regulated to ensure solvency and creditor protection; drafting should specify the nature of claims secured and applicable regulatory requirements.
/sɪˈkjʊərəti ɡrænts/
The agency approved the security grants to enhance the cybersecurity infrastructure.
The term typically refers to financial or legal allocations made to ensure obligations or rights are protected, requiring precise drafting to clarify the scope and conditions of the grant.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ɡɑrd/
The security guard checked the identification of everyone entering the building.
In legal contexts, a security guard's authority and duties are typically defined by contract and applicable state laws; they generally have no police powers unless specifically granted by statute.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈɪnstrəmənt/
The mortgage is a common type of security instrument used in real estate financing.
Security instruments are crucial in secured transactions, clearly defining collateral and rights upon default; precision in drafting prevents disputes over enforcement.
/ˈsɪˌkjʊrɪti ˈɪntrəst/
The creditor holds a security interest in the debtor's inventory as collateral for the loan.
The lender perfected its security interest by filing a public notice.
Security interests must generally be perfected through filing or possession to have priority over other creditors.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti lɔː/
Security law mandates disclosures by companies issuing stocks to the public.
The creditor filed a financing statement under security law to perfect its interest in the debtor's assets.
Security law encompasses both the regulation of investment securities and doctrines governing secured transactions; context clarifies which domain applies.
/sɪˈkjʊərɪti ˌlɛdʒɪsˈleɪʃən/
The government passed new security legislation to enhance cybersecurity measures.
Security legislation often includes provisions for protecting classified government data.
Security legislation typically encompasses a broad range of statutes aimed at protecting the state and its citizens from threats; drafters should clearly define scope to balance security and civil liberties.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈmɛʒər/
The company implemented strict security measures to safeguard confidential data.
Financial institutions must follow specific security measures to protect client assets.
In legal drafting, specifying the type and scope of a security measure is crucial, as generic references may lack enforceability or clarity.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈɒfɪsər/
The security officer detained the suspect until the police arrived.
The role and authority of a security officer may vary by jurisdiction and context, often requiring clear contractual or legal authorization to act.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti pækt/
The two nations signed a security pact to enhance mutual defense capabilities.
A security pact typically involves promises related to defense or safety and may overlap with treaties or alliances; clarity in scope and obligations is essential in drafting.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti pəˈrɪmɪtər/
The security perimeter of the data center included surveillance cameras and access controls to prevent unauthorized entry.
In legal contexts, especially those involving cybersecurity and physical property, defining the security perimeter precisely is crucial for enforcement of access restrictions and liability considerations.
/ˈsɪkjʊərɪti ˈpɒlɪsi/
The company updated its security policy to address emerging cyber threats.
The security policy emphasized diplomatic efforts over military intervention.
Drafting security policies should ensure clarity on roles, responsibilities, enforcement, and compliance to reduce legal liability and enhance protection.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈproʊtəˌkɑl/
The contract included a security protocol to ensure confidentiality of shared information.
The security protocol in the treaty outlined the steps for mutual defense and information sharing.
In legal drafting, specify the exact scope and enforcement mechanisms of a security protocol to avoid ambiguity, especially in contracts involving data protection or international agreements.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃənz/
The company implemented strict security regulations to comply with federal law.
Security regulations typically vary by jurisdiction and sector, often tailored to balance protection and operational feasibility.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ruːl ˈstændərdz/
Healthcare providers must comply with the Security Rule Standards to safeguard electronic health records.
Security Rule Standards are commonly associated with HIPAA and focus on protecting electronic protected health information (ePHI). Drafting should clearly distinguish these standards from broader data protection laws.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈskriːnɪŋ/
The airport's security screening prevented prohibited items from being carried onto the plane.
In legal drafting, clarify the scope and authority under which security screening operates to delineate rights and responsibilities.
/ˈsɪˌkjʊərɪti ˈsɜːrvɪs/
The security service ensured the safety of the event attendees.
The security service intercepted the communication linked to the threat.
Term encompasses both private contractual protections and governmental agencies; clarity depends on context—draft agreements should specify the intended scope.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈsɜːrvɪs əˈɡriːmənt/
The company signed a security service agreement to protect its premises 24/7.
Typically involves specifying duties, response times, liabilities, and payment terms for security services.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈstrætədʒi/
The company implemented a new security strategy to comply with data protection regulations.
In legal contexts, a security strategy often integrates regulatory compliance and risk assessment; clarity in scope aids enforceability and audit processes.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈsɪstəm/
The company installed a security system to prevent data breaches.
The loan agreement included a security system to guarantee repayment.
In legal contexts, 'security system' can refer both to physical protection frameworks and to arrangements in secured transactions; clarity in contracts is essential to distinguish these senses.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈtoʊkən/
The investor received a security token representing shares in the company.
Access to secure systems requires a security token for authentication.
In legal contexts, 'security token' primarily denotes a regulated financial instrument conveying ownership rights; clarification is needed to distinguish from authentication tokens used in cybersecurity.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈtoʊkən ɔːfərɪŋ/
The company launched a security token offering to raise capital while complying with securities regulations.
A security token offering must comply with applicable securities laws, unlike typical initial coin offerings; legal classification depends on jurisdiction and token characteristics.
/ˈsɪkjʊrɪti ˈwɒrənt/
The court issued a security warrant to seize the debtor's pledged assets.
The lender required a security warrant to ensure repayment of the loan.
Security warrants may differ contextually between criminal procedure (authorizing seizures) and commercial law (securing obligations); clarity in drafting depends on the specific legal context.
/ˈsiːkjʊrɪti zəʊn/
The government established a security zone around the building during the summit.
Access to the security zone was restricted to authorized personnel only.
When drafting, clearly define the boundaries and applicable rules for the security zone to avoid ambiguity in enforcement.
/ˈsɛdəˌtɪvz/
The court considered whether the defendant unlawfully distributed sedatives without a prescription.
In legal contexts, sedatives are chiefly relevant regarding regulation, prescription authority, and controlled substance classification.
/sɪˈdɪʃ.ən/
He was charged with sedition for distributing pamphlets calling for government overthrow.
The defendant faced sedition charges after urging troops to mutiny.
Sedition laws require careful balancing against free speech rights; context and intent are critical in application.
The contract's interpretation clause included a seealso pointing to relevant case law.
Used primarily in legal drafting and scholarship to direct attention to relevant supplementary materials or related legal provisions.
/siːd/
The farmer purchased patented seed for the new crop.
The entrepreneur secured seed funding to develop her app.
In legal contexts, 'seed' can refer both to biological material subject to regulation and to early-stage investment, so context is crucial for interpretation.
/ˈsiːd ˈfʌndɪŋ/
The entrepreneur secured seed funding to develop the prototype and launch the business.
Seed funding typically involves informal or early-stage legal agreements, emphasizing equity allocation and investor rights before formal venture capital rounds.
/ˈsiːd ˈpætənt/
The company obtained a seed patent to protect its genetically engineered corn variety.
Seed patents are a critical tool in agricultural biotechnology but must be drafted carefully to specify claims covering seed progeny and use to avoid enforceability issues.
/ˈsɛɡmənt/
The contract was divided into several segments to address different responsibilities.
In legal drafting, 'segment' often refers to breaking complex documents or legal analyses into manageable parts; clarity is enhanced by explicit labeling of segments.
/ˌsɛɡmɛnˈteɪʃən/
The lawyer examined the segmentation of the market to identify relevant regulatory boundaries.
In legal drafting, clarity about the criteria underlying segmentation is crucial for enforceability and precise scope definition.
/ˌsɛɡmɛnˈteɪʃən əˈɡriːmənt/
The companies entered into a segmentation agreement to allocate specific regions for their exclusive business operations.
Segmentation agreements are typically scrutinized under antitrust laws as they may restrain competition; precise drafting is essential to avoid illegality.
/ˈsɛɡrəɡeɪt/
The court ruled that it was unlawful to segregate students based on race.
The trustee must segregate client funds from the firm's operating accounts.
In legal contexts, segregation frequently addresses both social policies (e.g., racial segregation) and financial/legal separation of assets. Drafting should clarify the basis and purpose of segregation to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsɛɡrəˌɡeɪtɪd əˈkaʊnt/
The investment firm established a segregated account to safeguard client funds from creditors.
The insurer used a segregated account to ensure liabilities under a particular policy were clearly funded.
Segregated accounts are critical in legal and financial contexts to prevent commingling of assets and ensure creditor protection; drafting should specify the scope and legal effect of segregation clearly.
/ˌsɛɡrəˈɡeɪʃən/
The court ruled that school segregation violated the Equal Protection Clause.
The segregation of client funds from the firm's accounts is required by law.
When drafting, clarify the context since 'segregation' can refer to both social/legal separation and financial/legal asset separation.
/ˌsɛɡrəˈɡeɪʃən ʌv ˈæsɛts/
The segregation of assets helped shield the company's funds from creditors of its parent corporation.
During the divorce, the segregation of assets was used to determine which property was separate.
Segregation of assets is critical in contexts like bankruptcy and divorce to delineate ownership and protect property; clarity in contractual and trust documents is essential to ensure effective segregation.
/ˈseɡweɪ/
The lawyer used a clever segue to connect the witness testimony to the closing argument.
In legal writing and oral argumentation, a well-executed segue helps maintain coherence and persuasiveness.
/ˈseɪnjərɪɪdʒ/
The government earned significant seigniorage from minting new coins during the economic expansion.
Seigniorage is often discussed in sovereign finance and monetary law as a source of government revenue and its impact on inflation and currency valuation.
/ˈseɪnjəri/
The seignory granted the lord rights to collect rents and administer justice within the territory.
Used primarily in historical or feudal contexts; distinguish from modern property ownership concepts.
/siːz/
The sheriff seized the debtor's assets to satisfy the judgment.
Police officers seized the suspect at the scene of the crime.
In legal contexts, 'seize' commonly denotes the act of taking possession under judicial authority; clarity in the scope of seizure is essential during drafting to specify who initiates and through what authority.
/ˈsiːʒər/
The police conducted a seizure of the suspect's assets under the court order.
The seizure of the stolen goods was crucial evidence at trial.
The plaintiff claimed that the medication caused a seizure leading to permanent injury.
In drafting, distinguish seizure of property from related but distinct legal concepts such as confiscation or forfeiture, which involve transfer of ownership rather than simple possession.
/ˈsiːʒər əv ˈɒfɪs/
The coup involved the seizure of office by the military leaders.
The new governor’s seizure of office followed the election results.
The term may refer to both lawful and unlawful assumptions of office; context clarifies which meaning applies.
/ˈsiːʒər əv ˈpaʊər/
The coup d'état was a sudden seizure of power by the military faction.
The seizure of power through legal appointment restored order to the company.
In legal contexts, 'seizure of power' often distinguishes between unlawful forceful takeover and lawful assumption of authority; clarity depends on jurisdiction and context.
/ˈsiːʒər ˈwɔːrənt/
The police obtained a seizure warrant to confiscate the suspect's computer.
A seizure warrant specifically authorizes the taking of property, unlike a search warrant which authorizes the search itself.
/ˈsɛlɛkt kəˌmɪti/
The select committee was established to review the proposed environmental regulations.
Select committees are typically distinguished from standing committees by their temporary and specific investigative or deliberative purpose.
/sɪˈlɛkʃən/
The selection of jurors must be conducted impartially.
The selection of arbitrators was agreed upon by both parties.
In legal drafting, clarify the context of "selection," as it may pertain to different procedural stages or criteria; specifying the nature of the selection aids precision.
/ˈsɛlɛkʃən ˈbaɪəs/
The court noted the selection bias in the presented evidence undermining the credibility of the expert's opinion.
In drafting legal analyses or evidentiary rules, explicitly address selection bias to ensure reliability and fairness in fact determination.
/ˌsɛlɛkʃən kraɪˈtɪəriə/
The selection criteria for the contract included cost, experience, and compliance with regulations.
Selection criteria specify the parameters for decision-making in procurement and dispute resolution, helping ensure transparency and fairness.
/sɪˈlɛkʃən ˈproʊsɛs/
The selection process for jurors is designed to ensure impartiality.
The selection process of applicable laws determines the jurisdiction of the case.
In legal drafting, clarity about the criteria and procedures in a selection process is crucial to avoid disputes about fairness or compliance.
/sɪˈlɛktɪv/
The agency implemented a selective enforcement policy focusing only on high-risk violations.
Selective incorporation ensures certain protections apply at the state level.
In legal drafting and analysis, 'selective' often qualifies policies or doctrines that apply unevenly by deliberate choice rather than uniformly.
/sɪˈlɛktɪv ˌæsɪˈmɛtri/
The doctrine of selective asymmetry allows regulators to impose stricter standards on certain sectors while exempting others.
Selective asymmetry is often used in legislative drafting to tailor obligations or rights, facilitating nuanced regulatory approaches where uniform treatment is impractical.
/sɪˈlɛktɪv ˌkɒnʃɛnʃəs əˈbʤɛkʃən/
The court examined the legitimacy of the defendant's selective conscientious objection to deployment in the overseas conflict.
Selective conscientious objection differs from absolute conscientious objection by permitting objection only to certain military actions, which often complicates legal recognition and refugee status claims.
/sɪˈlɛktɪv ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/
The defendant argued that the prosecutor's selective enforcement of the statute violated their constitutional rights.
Selective enforcement often implicates constitutional issues, especially under equal protection doctrines; drafters should clearly distinguish it from selective prosecution, which applies specifically to criminal charges.
/sɪˈlɛktɪv prəˈskoʊʃən/
The defense argued that the charges were a case of selective prosecution targeting a minority community.
Selective prosecution claims require showing both discriminatory effect and discriminatory intent, making them challenging to prove in court.
/sɪˈlɛktɪv ˈsɜːrvɪs/
All male citizens must register for selective service by age 26.
The Selective Service System oversees the registration and potential induction of eligible individuals.
The term 'Selective Service' commonly refers both to the legal obligation of registration and the administrative agency; definitions should distinguish these contexts for clarity.
/ˈsɛlɛktɪv ˈsɜrvɪs ækt/
The Selective Service Act was enacted to provide a pool of draftees during wartime.
Commonly referenced in discussions of compulsory military service and constitutional law regarding conscription.
/ɪˈlɛk.tɪv ˈsɜr.vɪs ˈsɪs.təm/
All male U.S. citizens are required to register with the Selective Service System within 30 days of their 18th birthday.
The term specifically refers to the U.S. federal agency; use precise language to distinguish from general concepts of conscription or draft.
/ˈself/
The law protects the rights of the self against infringement.
The defendant represented himself in court.
In legal usage, 'self' often underscores personal identity and capacity, especially in contexts involving rights, duties, and representation.
/ˌself.kənˈtroʊl/
The court considered the defendant's lack of self-control as a factor in determining culpability.
Self-control is often referenced in assessing competence and responsibility in criminal law.
In legal contexts, self-control is tied to assessments of responsibility and capacity, especially in criminal and family law; precise definitions may vary depending on jurisdiction and area of law.
/ˈself diːl/
The trustee was sued for a self-deal that harmed the trust beneficiaries.
Often arises in trust and corporate law; avoid or disclose self-deals to prevent liability for breach of fiduciary duty.
/ˌselfˈdiːlɚ/
The court examined whether the self-dealer's dual role violated fiduciary duties.
Typically used in contexts assessing conflicts of interest or self-dealing in fiduciary or corporate law.
/ˈselfˌdiːlər/
The self-dealer disclosed his interest in the property before the sale to avoid any conflict.
Use precise language to distinguish self-dealers from agents to clarify liability and fiduciary duties.
/ˌsɛlf dɪˈfɛns/
The defendant claimed self-defence after injuring the attacker.
The court accepted self-defence as a lawful excuse for the accused's actions.
Self-defence typically requires the threat to be immediate and the force used to be proportionate; excessive force may negate the defence.
/ˌself dɪˈfens/
The defendant claimed self-defense to justify his actions during the altercation.
Self-defense may extend to defending others if the threat is immediate and unlawful.
Self-defense doctrines vary by jurisdiction; it is crucial to establish immediacy and proportionality of the response when pleading this defense.
/ˌself dɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən/
The principle of self-determination is enshrined in international law to protect peoples seeking independence.
Patient self-determination is a fundamental ethical principle in medical law.
The term is used both in international law to describe peoples' collective rights and in domestic law and ethics to describe individual autonomy; clarity depends on context.
/ˌsɛlf ɪˈstim/
The court considered the child's self-esteem when determining custody arrangements.
In legal drafting, references to self-esteem typically arise within evidentiary or testimonial contexts regarding emotional injury or the welfare considerations of vulnerable parties.
/ˌsɛlf ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪŋ ˈkɑntrækt/
The self-executing contract ensured payment was released immediately upon delivery.
The treaty was a self-executing contract, effective in domestic courts upon ratification.
Primarily used to describe contracts or treaties that require no further steps for enforcement, distinguishing them from agreements needing legislative implementation.
/ˌself ɪkˈsɛkjutɪŋ prəˈvɪʒən/
The treaty contained a self-executing provision that became immediately applicable upon ratification.
The court ruled that the constitutional amendment was a self-executing provision.
Self-executing provisions operate without requiring additional action; clarity in drafting should distinguish these from non-self-executing clauses that require further steps to become effective.
/ˌsɛlfˈfaɪnænsɪŋ/
The company adopted a self-financing model to maintain independence from investors.
The charity operated on a self-financing basis, relying solely on its own generated revenue.
In legal contexts, specifying 'self-financing' clarifies that no third-party creditors or investors are involved, which can affect liability and regulatory treatment.
/ˌselfˌflædʒəˈleɪʃən/
The defendant's claim of consent to self-flagellation complicated the assault charges against the accused.
In legal contexts, self-flagellation may raise questions about consent and liability when bodily harm is involved; attorneys should discern if the act is voluntary and its implications under criminal law.
/ˌsɛlfˈfʊlfɪlɪŋ prɒfəˈsi/
The defendant's belief in his inevitable conviction became a self-fulfilling prophecy when he refused to cooperate with his counsel.
Often relevant in evidentiary and procedural contexts where expectations influence legal outcomes; careful wording can clarify causation in legal argumentation.
/ˌsɛlfˈɡʌvərn/
The indigenous tribe sought to self-govern in accordance with their traditional laws.
Often used in contexts of political or corporate autonomy, self-govern implies independent regulatory or administrative authority without external control.
/ˌself ˈɡʌvərnəns/
The tribe exercises self-governance through its own elected council.
Federalism supports state self-governance under the Constitution.
Commonly used in contexts involving indigenous law, constitutional law, and municipal government; drafting should clarify the scope and limits of self-governance to avoid ambiguity.
/ˌselfˈɡʌvərn/
The colony was granted the right to self-governe its internal matters.
The term is often used in legal and political discourse to describe a condition or right whereby an entity (such as a community or political subdivision) governs itself without external control.
/ˌself ˈɡʌvərnmənt/
The colony sought self-government to manage its internal matters independently from the imperial power.
Movements for self-government often emphasize cultural identity and autonomy.
Self-government emphasizes internal political control and decision-making authority, distinct from full sovereignty or independence, and is often a subject of constitutional and colonial law.
/ˌselfˈhɛlp/
The landlord's attempt at self-help eviction was deemed unlawful by the court.
Self-help repossession of a vehicle must comply with specific legal restrictions to avoid liability.
Self-help is permissible only under limited circumstances and must not violate statutory prohibitions or procedural rights, especially in contexts like eviction and repossession.
/ˌsɛlf ɪnˌkrɪməˈneɪʃən/
The defendant invoked the Fifth Amendment to avoid self-incrimination during the trial.
Typically invoked under constitutional law contexts, especially in criminal proceedings; when drafting, clarify scope whether it covers both compelled and voluntary disclosures.
/ˌsɛlf ɪnˈʃʊərəns/
Many large companies opt for self-insurance to manage employee health benefits more cost-effectively.
Self-insurance is often used by entities with sufficient financial resources to cover potential losses, requiring careful actuarial analysis and compliance with regulatory standards.
/ˌself ˈɪn.tər.əst/
The court examined whether the director acted out of self-interest or in the company's best interest.
In legal contexts, distinguishing self-interest from duty to others is critical, especially in fiduciary relationships and conflict of interest analysis.
/ˌsɛlf ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
The financial industry relies heavily on self-regulation to maintain compliance with legal requirements.
Self-regulation by corporate boards can prevent conflicts of interest and promote good governance.
Often used to describe industry-based governance mechanisms that preempt government intervention; drafting should clarify scope and legal effect of such mechanisms.
/ˌselfˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃən/
The defendant chose self-representation during the trial to present his own case.
Self-representation is commonly referred to as 'pro se' in U.S. law; it involves personal responsibility for legal strategy and procedure.
/ˌself rɪˈspɛkt/
The court recognized the plaintiff's self-respect when ruling on the defamation claim.
In legal context, self-respect may underpin claims related to personal dignity and autonomy, influencing remedies and interpretations in cases such as defamation or discrimination.
/ˌself rɪˈstreɪnt/
The defendant showed self-restraint by refraining from retaliation after the provocation.
In legal contexts, self-restraint often refers to a party's voluntary limitation of rights or actions, which may have implications in contract law and equitable doctrines.
/ˌsɛlfˈruːl/
The colony sought self-rule to establish its own laws and government.
The treaty granted the indigenous community significant self-rule over their territory.
Self-rule is often distinguished from full sovereignty and may vary in scope depending on constitutional or statutory frameworks.
/ˌsɛlfˈsɜːrvɪŋ ˈfreɪmɪŋ/
The lawyer's self-serving framing of the facts influenced the jury's perception of the case.
Self-serving framing often affects the persuasive dynamics in litigation and negotiation, and drafters should be mindful of how presentation of facts can invite bias.
/ˌself.dɪˈfɛns/
The defendant claimed selfdefense after responding to an attacker with force.
Selfdefense can exonerate a person charged with assault if the action was necessary and proportionate.
Selfdefense as a legal concept requires the force used be proportional and necessary to avert harm; the scope varies by jurisdiction.
/ˌselfˈɡʌvərnəns/
The tribe asserted its right of selfgovernance under federal law.
Commonly used in contexts involving indigenous rights, local government, and organizational autonomy; often implies legal recognition of independent decision-making authority.
/ˈselfɪʃnəs/
The court considered the defendant's selfishness when assessing the motive behind the breach of contract.
In legal contexts, selfishness may be relevant when evaluating breaches of fiduciary duties or conflicts of interest where personal gain is prioritized over legal obligations.
/ˈsɛl/
The dealer agreed to sell the car to the buyer.
The sell of the property was completed last week.
In legal contexts, "sell" implies a consensual transaction involving a transfer of ownership for consideration, often formalized in a contract. Distinct from merely offering or exchanging goods without payment.
/ˈsɛl ˈɔrdər/
The investor placed a sell order to liquidate 100 shares of stock at the market price.
A sell order is primarily used in trading and financial contexts; clarity in specifying price conditions (market or limit) is essential in drafting such terms.
/ˈsɛl.ər/
The seller delivered the goods promptly as agreed.
In contracts, the seller's obligations and warranties are often specifically detailed; ensure clarity on delivery and title transfer conditions.
/ˈsɛlər dɪsˈkloʊʒər/
The seller disclosure revealed prior water damage in the basement.
Before closing, the buyer reviewed the seller disclosure form carefully.
Seller disclosures vary by jurisdiction but generally aim to protect buyers by mandating transparency; drafters should tailor disclosure forms to local legal requirements and clearly define the scope of disclosures.
/ˈsɛlərz du ˈdɪlədʒəns/
The seller's due diligence revealed undisclosed liens on the property before closing.
Seller's due diligence focuses on the seller's responsibilities to verify and disclose relevant information, complementing buyer's due diligence in transactional practice.
/ˈsɛlɚz ˈrɛmɪdiz/
The seller’s remedies included reclaiming the goods and seeking damages for nonpayment.
Seller’s remedies are typically defined in commercial codes and common law, emphasizing the importance of timely and proper assertion to preserve rights.
/ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈeɪdʒənt/
The selling agent secured multiple offers for the property within days.
The selling agent facilitated the public offering of the corporation's new shares.
The term 'selling agent' typically implies authority granted to act in sales transactions; clarity in the scope of authority is essential in drafting agency agreements.
The company's selling expenses increased due to new advertising campaigns.
Selling expenses often affect profitability analyses and tax deductions; clear categorization aids financial reporting compliance.
The contract recognized the separate selves as distinct parties.
Typically used as the plural form of self, 'selves' appears in legal discussions involving multiple individuals' identities or capacities.
/sɪˈmæn.tɪk/
The court engaged in a semantic analysis of the contract to determine the parties’ intent.
In legal drafting and interpretation, understanding the semantic meaning of terms is essential to avoid ambiguity and to ensure clarity and precision in documents.
/ˌsɛmˈæntɪk əˈnæləsɪs/
The lawyer performed semantic analysis to clarify ambiguous terms in the contract.
Semantic analysis helps judges understand legislative intent.
Semantic analysis in law focuses on the nuanced meanings of words and phrases, aiding precise interpretation and reducing ambiguity in legal documents.
/ˈsɛm.æn.tɪk wɛb/
The Semantic Web aims to create a universal medium for information exchange by structuring data with metadata.
Legal experts utilize the Semantic Web to connect statutes, case law, and regulations efficiently.
The term is chiefly relevant in legal information systems and legal technology, emphasizing structured data interoperability rather than traditional internet use.
/ˈsɛm.bləns/
The contract bore a semblance of legality but was fundamentally flawed.
The plaintiff must show a semblance of harm to establish standing.
Often used to indicate a deceptive or insufficient appearance of legality or truth; important to distinguish from actual substance in legal drafting and analysis.
/ˈsɛmi-prɪˌzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈsɪstəm/
France operates under a semi-presidential system where both the president and prime minister hold significant authority.
The distribution of executive power between president and prime minister can vary widely, affecting the system's functionality and political balance.
/ˈsɛmɪˌkoʊlən/
The contract clause listed allowable activities: manufacturing; distribution; and retail sales.
In legal drafting, correct use of the semicolon ensures precise interpretation of clauses, especially in enumerations where items contain commas.
/ˈsɛmɪˌkoʊlən ˈjuːsɪdʒ/
Proper semicolon usage in contracts can prevent ambiguity by clearly dividing obligations.
In legal drafting, semicolon usage is critical to clarify the relationship between complex provisions; improper use can lead to contract ambiguity.
/ˌsɛmɪkənˈdʌktər tʃɪp/
The manufacturer secured a patent for the novel semiconductor chip design.
In legal contexts, semiconductor chips are often at the center of intellectual property disputes, technology licensing agreements, and regulatory compliance issues related to trade restrictions and export controls.
/ˈsɛməˌnɑːr/
The tax law seminar helped the attorneys stay updated on new regulations.
In legal contexts, seminars commonly serve as venues for specialized training and knowledge exchange among practitioners and scholars.
/ˌsɛmiˈɒtɪks/
Semiotics helps decode complex contract language by analyzing the meanings of legal symbols and terms.
In legal contexts, semiotics aids in understanding how legal meaning is constructed beyond literal text, informing interpretation and argumentation.
/ˈsɛnɪt/
The bill was passed after approval by the Senate.
The university senate met to discuss the new academic policies.
Commonly refers to upper chambers in federal or state legislatures; context distinguishes political from academic or ecclesiastical usage.
/ˈsɛnət kɑːnˌfɜːrˈmeɪʃən/
The nominee's appointment was finalized only after Senate confirmation.
Senate confirmation is a constitutional check on executive power, requiring attention to procedural rules and political context during drafting or analysis.
/sɛnd/
The party sent the documents by registered mail to comply with the notice requirement.
In legal contexts, "send" often implies compliance with procedural or contractual obligations, so the mode and timing of sending may affect rights and duties.
/ˈsiːn.jər/
The senior partner reviewed the contract before signing.
The senior creditor is paid before junior creditors in bankruptcy.
The senior reviewed the junior associate’s memo.
In legal drafting, "senior" often contrasts with "junior" to establish priority, especially in financial and hierarchical contexts.
/ˈsiːnjər ˈsɪtɪzən/
The law provides special healthcare benefits to a senior citizen.
Usage often depends on jurisdictional definitions specifying the minimum age to qualify as a senior citizen for legal protections or benefits.
/ˈsiːnjər ˈkaʊnsəl/
The case was argued before the court by a senior counsel known for expertise in constitutional law.
The title 'Senior Counsel' is an honorific status conferred in some common law jurisdictions, typically signifying distinguished experience and expertise; it is analogous to 'Queen's Counsel' in other regions.
/ˈsiːnjər dɛt/
Senior debt holders are paid before junior creditors during the liquidation.
Senior debt typically benefits from contractual or statutory priority, which affects risk and recovery rates for lenders.
/ˈsiːn.jɚ ˈhaʊ.zɪŋ/
The city approved a new senior housing complex to address the community's aging population.
In legal drafting, it is important to specify the eligibility criteria and services included in senior housing to avoid ambiguity in contracts and regulations.
/ˈsiːnjər liːˈɛn/
The creditor held a senior lien on the property, ensuring repayment before any junior lienholders.
Senior liens are key in debt structuring; precise priority language in agreements is crucial to avoid disputes.
/ˌsiːnɪˈɒrɪti/
Employees with greater seniority are given preference for promotions and layoffs.
This statute takes precedence due to its seniority over conflicting laws.
Seniority often affects employee rights and precedence in legal interpretations; clarity in contracts is advised to specify its application.
/ˌsenˈseɪʃən/
The witness described the sensation of hearing the loud crash before seeing the accident.
The sensation of the letter by mail was deemed sufficient to notify the party of the breach.
In legal usage, 'sensation' primarily refers to physical perception relevant in evidence, though it can also be connected to communication or notice doctrines; context determines applicability.
/ˈsɛns/
The sense of the contract clause was disputed during the trial.
The court recognized her sense of ownership over the disputed property.
In legal drafting, clarifying the sense of terms avoids ambiguity and aids precise interpretation.
/ˈsɛn.sə.tɪv ˈdeɪ.tə/
Companies must implement strict controls to safeguard sensitive data from unauthorized access.
Sensitive data often triggers specific regulatory requirements; precise categorization depends on jurisdiction and context.
/ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˈpɜːrsənl ˈdeɪtə/
The company implemented strict measures to safeguard sensitive personal data in compliance with the GDPR.
Term often used synonymously with 'special category data' under GDPR; its precise scope may vary by jurisdiction.
/ˈsɛn.sɪ.tɪv ˈpɜːr.sən.əl ˌɪn.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/
Companies must implement strict controls to protect sensitive personal information from unauthorized access.
Sensitive personal information often triggers stronger regulatory protections and must be handled according to specific legal standards to prevent misuse or harm.
/ˈsɛn.sər.i/
The court considered sensory evidence provided by expert witnesses.
In legal settings, 'sensory' typically pertains to evidence, rights, or disabilities involving sense perception.
/ˈsɛn.təns/
The judge imposed a five-year sentence for the felony conviction.
The contract's meaning hinged on the sentence structure in the clause.
The court sentenced the defendant to probation.
In legal usage, 'sentence' most commonly refers to the punishment imposed after conviction; precision in statutory drafting and interpretation often hinges on careful reading of 'sentences' as grammatical units.
/ˈsen.təns əˌgriˈmənt/
The defendant entered into a sentence agreement to receive a reduced penalty.
Sentence agreements are specialized contracts in criminal law and must be clearly drafted to outline terms and conditions governing sentencing.
/ˈsɛn.təns ˈbɑr.gɪ.nɪŋ/
The defendant agreed to sentence bargaining to avoid a lengthy trial.
Sentence bargaining is a key subset of plea bargaining focusing specifically on the terms of sentencing rather than charges or factual admissions.
/ˈsɛn.təns ɪnˈhænsmənt/
The defendant received a sentence enhancement due to the use of a deadly weapon during the crime.
Sentence enhancements are often guided by statutes or sentencing commissions and may vary by jurisdiction; drafters should specify the statutory basis for clarity.
/ˈsɛntəns ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
The court granted a sentence modification to reduce the defendant's prison term due to new evidence.
Sentence modification is distinct from resentencing, as it alters existing terms without imposing a new sentence entirely.
/ˈsɛn.təns rɪˈdʌk.ʃən/
The defendant filed a motion seeking sentence reduction due to good behavior and changed circumstances.
Sentence reduction is often requested via specific post-conviction motions; its grant depends on sentencing guidelines, rehabilitation, and sometimes new evidence or legal changes.
/ˈsɛn(t)ənsɪŋ əˈɡriːmənt/
The parties reached a sentencing agreement to avoid a lengthy trial.
Often used interchangeably with plea agreement, but specifically emphasizing the negotiated punishment terms rather than the admission of guilt.
/ˈsɛn.tənsɪŋ dɪsˈkrɛʃən/
Sentencing discretion allows judges to tailor penalties based on case specifics.
Sentencing discretion balances legal guidelines with individualized justice, requiring judicial prudence to avoid arbitrariness.
/ˈsɛn.tənsɪŋ dɪˈspærɪti/
The judge acknowledged the risk of sentencing disparity in similar cases and sought to apply consistent penalties.
Studies have shown that sentencing disparity can reflect implicit bias within the criminal justice system.
Sentencing disparity highlights concerns about fairness and consistency in criminal punishment and is a central issue addressed by sentencing guidelines and reform efforts.
/ˈsɛn.tən.sɪŋ ɛnˈhæns.mənt/
The judge imposed a sentencing enhancement due to the defendant's prior felony record.
Sentencing enhancements often arise under statutory schemes and require explicit findings to justify increased punishment.
/ˈsɛn.tənsɪŋ ˈɛvɪdəns/
The judge considered the sentencing evidence before imposing the final penalty.
Sentencing evidence typically arises after conviction and includes factors beyond guilt, influencing punishment severity.
/ˈsɛn.tən.sɪŋ ˈɡaɪd.laɪn/
The judge consulted the sentencing guidelines before deciding the defendant's punishment.
Sentencing guidelines help promote consistency and fairness in criminal sentencing by providing structured frameworks, but judges may retain some discretion depending on jurisdiction.
/ˈsɛntənsɪŋ ˈhɪərɪŋ/
The sentencing hearing was scheduled to decide the defendant's prison term.
Often follows a guilty verdict or plea; the hearing focuses solely on the appropriate sentence rather than issues of guilt or innocence.
/ˈsɛntənsɪŋ ɪnˈkwɑːləti/
The judge aimed to reduce sentencing inequality by following established guidelines.
Sentencing inequality highlights systemic or individual variations in punishment that may reflect bias or arbitrariness, making it a critical focus in criminal justice reform.
/ˈsɛn.təns.ɪŋ lɔː/
Sentencing law guides judges in imposing appropriate penalties for convicted offenders.
Sentencing law encompasses statutory rules and principles applied by courts to decide sentences following conviction; drafters should note variations across jurisdictions in sentencing frameworks.
/ˈsɛn.tənsɪŋ ˌmɛm.əˈræn.dəm/
The defense counsel filed a sentencing memorandum advocating for a reduced sentence due to the defendant's cooperation.
Sentencing memoranda are typically used to persuade the judge by presenting legal arguments and factual context relevant to sentencing; clarity and adherence to jurisdictional rules improve their effectiveness.
/ˈsɛn.tənsɪŋ rɪˈfɔːrm/
Sentencing reform aims to reduce disparities and promote rehabilitation over punishment.
Recent sentencing reform efforts focus on eliminating mandatory minimums for nonviolent offenses.
Sentencing reform encompasses both legal amendments to statutes and broader policy debates; drafters should specify the focus when using the term to avoid ambiguity between legislative acts and general criminal justice objectives.
/ˈsɛnʃənt ˈbiːɪŋz/
The legislation extended protections to sentient beings to prevent cruelty.
The term 'sentient beings' is often pivotal in legal discussions about extending rights or ethical considerations beyond humans, especially in animal law and environmental legislation.
/ˈsɛn.tɪ.nəl/
The sentinel stood watch at the prison gate throughout the night.
The court described the statute as a sentinel protecting constitutional freedoms.
In legal drafting, 'sentinel' is often used metaphorically to describe laws or doctrines that act as safeguards; clarity is needed to distinguish literal from figurative uses.
/ˌsɛpəˈræbɪləti/
The separability clause ensured that invalid portions of the contract would not void the entire agreement.
The court upheld the separability of the arbitration provision despite the unconscionability of other terms.
Often used synonymously with 'severability,' separability emphasizes the independent enforceability of contractual provisions and is crucial in drafting clauses that preserve contract validity if parts are invalidated.
/ˈsɛpəˌreɪt/
The spouses held separate property under the marriage agreement.
The court ordered the company to separate its competing divisions.
They decided to separate legally but not divorce.
As a verb, 'separate' often implies a formal or legal division; as an adjective, it describes entities treated individually. Use precise context to avoid ambiguity with related terms like 'divorce' or 'partition.'
/ˈsɛpərɪt əˈkaʊnt/
The insurer held the premiums in a separate account to distinguish them from its own funds.
Investments in the separate account are not subject to the insurer's creditors in case of insolvency.
Common in insurance and investment law, separate accounts ensure client assets remain distinct from company assets, limiting risk and enhancing fiduciary protection.
/ˈsɛpəˌreɪt bət ˈikwəl/
The Supreme Court upheld the 'separate but equal' doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).
The 'separate but equal' doctrine was rejected by the landmark Brown v. Board of Education ruling in 1954.
The term is historically significant and typically references segregation laws before being invalidated; use with awareness of its repudiation in modern law.
/ˈsɛpəˌrət fəˈnænʃəl ˈsteɪtmənts/
The company prepared its separate financial statements to comply with regulatory requirements.
Separate financial statements are distinct from consolidated ones and focus solely on the reporting entity's individual financial position and performance.
/ˈsɛpəˌreɪt ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/
Each partner in the firm bore separate liability for the debts they individually incurred.
The court found that the defendants held separate liability for their respective roles in the accident.
Separate liability distinctly allocates responsibility to each party, contrasting with joint liability where obligations may be collectively enforced. Precise drafting is essential to clarify divisions of responsibility.
/ˈsɛp(ə)rət ˈprɑːpərti/
Her inheritance was considered separate property and not subject to division upon divorce.
Separate property typically includes assets acquired before marriage or by gift or inheritance during marriage and is protected from division in community property regimes.
/ˈsɛpərətli ˈlaɪəbl/
Each partner was separately liable for the company's debts.
Use 'separately liable' to clarify that responsibility is personal and not shared collectively, important in contracts and torts to determine who bears what portion of a debt or obligation.
/ˌsɛpəˈreɪʃən/
The separation of assets was finalized in the divorce decree.
The couple opted for a legal separation instead of an immediate divorce.
The contract included a separation of duties clause to avoid conflicts of interest.
Often distinguished from divorce by the spouses remaining legally married; important to clarify context to avoid ambiguity.
/ˌsɛpəˈreɪʃən əˈgriːmənt/
The couple finalized their separation agreement before filing for divorce.
Draft precise terms regarding asset division and child custody to avoid future disputes.
/ˌsɛpəˈreɪʃən əv ˈbæŋkɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz/
Regulators enforce the separation of banking activities to prevent financial crises.
The term is central to banking law and financial regulation; clear drafting distinguishes separation from mere operational divisions by emphasizing legal or regulatory mandates.
/ˌsɛpəˈreɪʃən əv ˈpaʊərz/
The separation of powers ensures that no single branch of government can dominate the political system.
Often central in constitutional design, separation of powers helps prevent abuse by allocating distinct functions and enabling oversight between branches.
/ˈsɛpəˌrætɪzəm/
The region's separatism led to prolonged negotiations for autonomy.
Separatism raises complex questions about territorial integrity under international law.
Separatism is often discussed in contexts involving constitutional law and international law; clarity is needed to distinguish lawful autonomy claims from attempts at unlawful secession.
/ˌsɛpəˈrætɪst ˈmuːvmənt/
The separatist movement demanded a referendum for independence from the central government.
International law debates the legitimacy of separatist movements under principles of self-determination.
In legal contexts, distinguishing separatist movements from secessionist acts is key; the former implies ongoing political activism, while the latter denotes formal legal withdrawal or breakaway.
/ˈsiːkwəns/
The contract specified the sequence in which payments must be made.
The judge instructed the attorneys on the proper sequence of witness examination.
In legal drafting, specifying the sequence of actions ensures clarity in procedures and contract performance obligations.
/ˈsiːkwəns əv ɪˈvɛnts/
The court examined the sequence of events leading up to the contract breach.
In legal context, the sequence of events is crucial for establishing causation and liability; precise chronology often aids in reconstructing factual narratives for adjudication.
/sɪˈkwɛnʃəl/
The court examined the sequential steps taken by the parties in the contract negotiation.
In legal drafting, describing actions as "sequential" clarifies that they follow one another in a precise order, which can affect the interpretation of timelines and obligations.
/[siːˈkwɛnʃəli]/
The parties performed their obligations sequentially as stated in the contract.
Often used to specify the order of actions or events in contracts or procedural rules to avoid ambiguity.
/sɪˈkwɛstər/
The court ordered to sequester the defendant's assets pending trial.
The judge decided to sequester the jury to ensure impartiality.
In legal drafting, clarify the context—whether referring to property custody or jury isolation—to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsɜrf/
The serf was obligated to provide labor and part of his harvest to the lord of the manor.
The term 'serf' is historically situated in feudal legal systems, reflecting personal dependency rather than outright ownership typical of slavery.
/ˈsɜːrfdəm/
Under medieval serfdom, peasants were required to provide labor and services to their lord.
Serfdom denotes a specific historical legal condition distinct from slavery, characterized by hereditary and territorial obligations rather than outright ownership.
/ˈsɪəriəl ˈnʌmbər/
The serial number on the firearm was used as evidence in the criminal investigation.
Serial numbers are crucial in legal contexts for proving ownership, tracking stolen property, and verifying authenticity.
/ˈsɪəriəs ˈɪndʒəri/
The plaintiff claimed damages for serious injury sustained in the car accident.
The term is commonly defined by statute or case law with varying thresholds; clarity on jurisdictional standards is advised when drafting.
/sɜːrv/
The plaintiff served the defendant with the summons and complaint.
He served ten years in prison for the convicted offense.
In legal drafting, ‘serve’ should specify the method and proof of service to ensure valid notice.
/ˈsɜːrvər/
The server handed the defendant the summons in accordance with the court's instructions.
The company’s server was subpoenaed to produce emails related to the investigation.
Distinguish between the human agent serving legal documents and the technological device termed a server; context usually clarifies the intended meaning in legal texts.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs/
The company provides legal services to international clients.
Proper service of the summons is required before the court can exercise jurisdiction.
The municipality provides water service to all residents.
In legal contexts, "service" may refer specifically to the formal delivery of legal process, which is distinct from general provision of work or utilities.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs əˌdrɛs/
The defendant must provide a valid service address for delivery of court papers.
The plaintiff sent the summons to the defendant's service address as required by law.
The service address is critical for ensuring proper legal notice; it may be separate from residence or business addresses and should be carefully specified to avoid procedural challenges.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs əˈɡriːmənt/
The company signed a service agreement to supply IT support for the next year.
Service agreements typically detail scope, performance standards, payment terms, and obligations, and are crucial for clarifying service expectations and liabilities.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs tʃɑːrdʒ/
The hotel added a 10% service charge to the bill.
The lease agreement included a monthly service charge for building upkeep.
In contract drafting, clearly distinguish service charges from tips or gratuities to avoid legal ambiguity about enforceability and tax treatment.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs ˈkɒntrækt/
The company entered into a service contract to maintain the client’s IT systems.
The service contract ensures regular maintenance and repair of the equipment.
Service contracts often emphasize the performance of duties over a period, distinguishing them from contracts for goods; clear specification of service scope and payment terms is critical.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs dɪsˈrʌpʃən/
The company faced penalties due to the service disruption that left customers without internet access for hours.
In legal drafting, clearly defining the duration and cause of the service disruption helps determine remedies and liabilities under service agreements.
The contract outlines penalties applicable in the event of a service interruption lasting more than 24 hours.
Service interruption clauses are typically drafted to specify thresholds, remedies, and exclusions, especially in telecommunications and utilities contracts.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs ˈlɛvəl əˈgriːmənt/
The service level agreement ensures the provider responds to issues within 24 hours.
SLAs often include measurable metrics and remedies for noncompliance, making precise drafting critical to avoid disputes.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs laɪn/
The service line responsible for maintenance will handle all warranty claims.
The property owner is responsible for repairs to the service line running from the street to the house.
The term 'service line' may appear in contracts delineating responsibilities or in property law contexts defining utility connections; clarity in usage depending on context is essential.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs ˈmændeɪt/
The healthcare provider operated under a service mandate issued by the government.
The contract included a service mandate outlining the obligations of the supplier.
Often used in contexts involving delegated authority, care should be taken to delineate the exact scope and limits of the mandate in drafting documents.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs mɑːrk/
The company registered its service mark to protect its brand identity in consulting services.
Service marks function like trademarks but specifically identify services instead of products; precise distinction in drafting is essential for clarity in protection scope.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs ˈmɛdəl/
He was awarded a service medal for his deployment during the peacekeeping mission.
Service medals often have specific eligibility criteria defined by statute or military regulation.
/ˈsɜrvɪs ˈmɛmbər/
The benefits program applies to every active service member.
The term broadly covers all enlisted or commissioned personnel across military branches and is frequently used in statutes and regulations governing military benefits, obligations, and rights.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs ˈmɛmbər raɪts/
Service member rights ensure job protection during military deployment.
Veterans must be informed of their service member rights to access healthcare benefits.
Service member rights encompass a range of statutory and constitutional protections; precise usage depends on context such as employment or veteran status.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs ˌɑbləˈɡeɪʃən/
The employee has a service obligation to complete all assigned duties during the contract period.
Utility companies have a service obligation to supply electricity to all customers in their area.
Service obligations often require precise definition in contracts to avoid ambiguity about scope and duration of services.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs əv ˈdɒkjʊmənts/
The court case cannot proceed until service of documents is properly completed.
Accurate service of documents is critical for due process; differing jurisdictions prescribe specific methods and timing requirements for valid service.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs əv ˈproʊsɛs/
The court cannot proceed until proper service of process has been completed on the defendant.
Effective service of process is critical to establish jurisdiction and ensure a party's right to be heard; rules vary by jurisdiction and document type.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs əv ˈproʊsɛs əˈdrɛs/
The plaintiff must provide a service of process address to ensure the defendant receives the summons.
Ensure the service of process address is valid and current to avoid challenges to jurisdiction or default judgments.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs əv ˈsʌmənz/
The plaintiff ensured the proper service of summons before the trial could proceed.
Service of summons is critical to establishing court jurisdiction and ensuring procedural fairness.
/ˈsɜrvɪs prəˌvaɪdər/
The service provider is obligated to maintain data privacy under the contract.
The telecom service provider must comply with federal communications regulations.
The term 'service provider' is broad and context-dependent; legal definitions often vary by industry and regulation, so precise contractual description is advisable.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs prəˈvaɪdər laɪəˈbɪləti/
The court examined the service provider liability in the breach of contract case.
Service provider liability under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act limits their responsibility for user-generated content.
Service provider liability varies significantly by jurisdiction and the type of service, often influenced by statutory frameworks such as safe harbor provisions.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs ˌrɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/
The company held a ceremony as a service recognition for employees with over ten years of tenure.
Service recognition by the court ensures that all parties have been duly notified.
Primarily used in employment and procedural law contexts; clarify whether referencing employee recognition or jurisdictional acceptance of service of process to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsɜːrvɪs ˈrɪbənz/
The veteran displayed his service ribbons during the military benefits hearing.
In legal documents, service ribbons often serve as proof of entitlement or qualification, so precise description and regulation of their wear and display can appear in military or administrative law.
/ˈsɜːrvaɪl/
The contract imposed servile obligations on the tenant, limiting her ability to negotiate terms.
In legal contexts, "servile" often characterizes relationships or conditions where one party's autonomy is severely restricted, useful in analyzing contracts or statuses implying unequal power.
/sərˈvɪlɪti/
The contract contained clauses that encouraged the servility of the tenant towards the landlord's demands.
In legal contexts, servility may describe a party's undue submission affecting consent or fairness in agreements.
/ˈsɜːrvɪŋ ˈeɪdʒənt/
The serving agent delivered the summons to the defendant personally.
The term is often synonymous with 'process server' but may vary by jurisdiction; precision in defining the authorized party is important in legal documents.
/ˈsɜːrvɪtjuːd/
The land was subject to servitude, allowing neighbors to pass through with their livestock.
Historical laws prohibited any form of servitude that resembled involuntary labor.
Servitude often relates to property law and obligations attached to land use, distinct from general slavery concepts; drafting should clarify the specific type and scope of the servitude.
/ˈsɛʃən/
The court convened a session to hear the case.
The legislative session lasts from January to May each year.
The client attended a therapy session to discuss their concerns.
In legal contexts, "session" typically refers to formal meetings or periods of official business, especially in judicial and legislative settings; clarity is essential to distinguish the specific type of session referenced.
/ˈsɛʃən lɔː/
Lawyers often consult session laws to understand the exact text of statutes as originally passed.
Session laws provide the authoritative text of laws as enacted and are critical for historical legal research and verifying amendments prior to codification.
/sɛt/
The contract included a set of deliverables to be completed by the deadline.
The court set a date for the hearing to begin.
The jury set was selected after voir dire.
In legal drafting, clarity is essential when referring to a 'set' to distinguish between groups of items, fixed conditions, or jury panels.
/ˈsɛt əˌsaɪd/
The judge set aside the previous ruling due to newly discovered evidence.
The court set aside part of the estate for the care of minor children.
Commonly used in procedural contexts, 'set aside' often requires a motion and judicial discretion; clarity in specifying the grounds for setting aside a decision is critical in pleadings.
/ˈsɛt.ɒf/
The defendant claimed a set-off to reduce the damages owed to the plaintiff.
The company set-off its outstanding balance with the amount due from the supplier.
Set-off is distinct from recoupment in that it often arises from mutual debts between parties, while recoupment is typically linked to the same transaction; drafting should specify the nature of claims involved.
/ˈsetˌbæk/
The new building was required to comply with a ten-foot setback from the property line.
The plaintiff suffered a setback when the court dismissed the claim due to lack of evidence.
In legal drafting, clearly specify the type of setback—physical (land use) or procedural (case outcome)—to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsɛtˌɔf/
The debtor asserted a setoff to reduce the amount owed.
The parties agreed to set off their mutual debts.
Setoff is distinct from recoupment in that it typically arises from separate transactions, allowing parties to balance mutual debts in litigation or payment contexts.
He setted the precedent years ago.
"Setted" is an archaic or nonstandard past tense form of "set" rarely encountered in legal writing; prefer "set."
/ˈsɛtɪŋ/
The setting of the trial influenced the applicable laws and procedures.
The surveyor noted the precise setting of the boundary markers on the deed.
The parties agreed on the setting of payment schedules in the contract.
In legal usage, 'setting' often pertains to contextual factors that define the scope or applicability of law, and clarity in specifying the setting can be essential in drafting and interpreting documents.
/ˈsetl/
The parties decided to settle the lawsuit to avoid a trial.
The company settled its outstanding invoices before the fiscal year ended.
The trustee settled the terms of the trust with the beneficiaries.
In legal contexts, "settle" primarily involves dispute resolution or financial discharge. Draft agreements should clearly specify that settlement is final and binding to avoid later litigation.
/ˈsɛtlmənt/
The parties reached a settlement to avoid lengthy litigation.
The settlement of the invoice was completed last week.
The early settlers founded a settlement near the river.
In legal drafting, distinguish clearly between settlement as a dispute resolution and settlement as payment or establishment of a community to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsɛtlmənt ædmɪnɪˌstreɪtər/
The settlement administrator was tasked with distributing compensation to all eligible class members.
Use this term precisely to denote the role in legal settlements; ensure clarity on duties and scope in drafting to avoid ambiguity about responsibilities.
/ˈsɛtlmənt ˈeɪdʒənt/
The settlement agent coordinated the closing documents and ensured the funds were properly disbursed.
The term primarily applies in real estate law, where the settlement agent acts as a neutral intermediary ensuring proper transfer of ownership and payment.
/ˈsɛtlmənt əˈgriːmənt/
The parties signed a settlement agreement to avoid costly litigation.
The settlement agreement included a payment schedule and confidentiality clause.
The term typically denotes a contract resolving disputes, often used to avoid trial; ensure the agreement clearly details the rights waived and obligations assumed to prevent future litigation.
/ˈsɛtlmənt əˌpruːvəl/
The court granted settlement approval, allowing the parties to finalize the dispute resolution.
Settlement approval is critical for ensuring that a settlement agreement is legally binding and often requires court or regulatory review, especially in class actions or governmental cases.
/ˈsɛtlmənt ˈkɒnfərəns/
The judge scheduled a settlement conference to encourage the parties to resolve the dispute without going to trial.
Settlement conferences aim to reduce court caseloads and encourage early resolution; they differ from mediations by typically involving a judge and can be court-ordered.
/ˈsɛtlmənt deɪt/
The settlement date for the property sale was set 30 days after contract signing.
The settlement date for the stock trade is typically two business days after the trade date.
Often critical in contract drafting and securities transactions, specifying the settlement date ensures clarity on when legal ownership and financial obligations pass.
/ˈsɛtlmənt ˈfʌndɪŋ/
The plaintiff used settlement funding to cover living expenses during the lengthy trial.
Settlement funding can help clients manage cash flow before their case is resolved.
Settlement funding is distinct from traditional loans as repayment depends on case outcome; clarity in contract terms is essential to avoid usury issues.
/ˈsɛtlmənt nəˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/
The attorneys engaged in settlement negotiation to avoid a costly trial.
Settlement negotiations often require confidentiality to encourage open communication and are distinct from formal agreements, which document the final terms.
/ˈsɛtlmənt rɪsk/
Settlement risk arises if the buyer pays but the seller does not transfer the securities.
Settlement risk is heightened in international trades because of differing banking hours and regulations.
Settlement risk is specifically associated with the completion phase of a transaction and differs from general credit risk by focusing on delivery failure rather than creditworthiness.
/ˈsɛtlmənt ˈsteɪtmənt/
The buyer and seller reviewed the settlement statement before signing the closing documents.
The attorney sent the client a settlement statement summarizing the disbursement of the award.
Usage is especially common in real estate and legal dispute resolution contexts; clarity in itemizing charges and payments aids transparency and prevents post-closing disputes.
/ˈsɛtlmənt ˈsɪstəm/
The settlement system ensures that transactions are completed securely and accurately.
In legal drafting, differentiate settlement systems from clearing systems by focusing on the final transfer of ownership or obligations versus provisional arrangements.
/ˈsetlər/
The settlor established the trust to provide for his children after his death.
In drafting, clearly identify the settlor’s intent and property to avoid disputes over trust validity.
/ˌsiːvərəˈbɪləti/
The severability clause ensured that if one term was struck down, the rest of the contract remained valid.
Severability clauses help preserve contractual intent by preventing whole agreements from failing due to a single unenforceable provision.
/ˌsɛvərˈæbɪləti klɔːz/
The severability clause protected the contract even after one provision was struck down by the court.
Severability clauses are essential in contract drafting to maintain overall enforceability despite potential legal flaws in specific provisions.
/ˈsɛvərəbl ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/
The court found severable liability in the case, holding one contractor accountable regardless of the others' involvement.
Severable liability is distinguished from joint liability, as it enables assigning responsibility to individual parties without requiring joint fault; important in contract and tort contexts where obligations may be divisible.
/ˈsɛvrəl/
The contract was signed by several parties involved in the transaction.
In legal drafting, 'several' indicates distinct individual responsibility, often contrasted with 'joint' liability to clarify whether obligations are shared or separate.
/ˈsɛvərəl laɪəˈbɪləti/
Under several liability, each defendant pays only the portion of damages corresponding to their fault.
Several liability contrasts with joint liability; drafting should clarify whether liability is several, joint, or joint and several to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsɛvərəli/
The defendants are severally liable for different portions of the damages.
Used to distinguish individual responsibility from collective or joint responsibility in legal contexts.
/ˈsɛv(ə)rəns/
The employee received a severance package upon termination.
Severance of joint tenancy converted the property into tenants in common.
In employment contexts, severance typically implies agreed compensation upon termination; in property or procedural contexts, it refers to legal splitting or division. Drafting should distinguish between these uses clearly.
/ˈsɛvərəns əˈɡriːmənt/
The employee signed a severance agreement outlining the benefits received after leaving the company.
Severance agreements often include release clauses to preclude litigation and may specify confidentiality requirements.
/ˈsɛv(ə)rəns ˈmoʊʃən/
The defendant filed a severance motion to have the breach of contract claim tried separately from the fraud allegations.
A severance motion strategically manages litigation by dividing complex matters, often to avoid prejudice or simplify issues.
/ˈsɛvərəns ˈpækɪdʒ/
The employee received a severance package including pay and extended health benefits after being laid off.
The severance package outlined in the contract detailed the notice period and bonus entitlements.
Severance packages often combine statutory entitlements with negotiated terms; clarity in drafting prevents disputes over eligibility and scope.
/ˈsɛvərəns peɪ/
The employee received severance pay after being laid off.
Severance pay provisions vary greatly depending on jurisdiction and contractual agreements; clarity in drafting is advised to specify eligibility and calculation.
/sɪˈvɛrɪti/
The court considered the severity of the crime when determining the sentence.
The severity of the plaintiff's injuries was critical to the damages awarded.
Severity often influences sentencing and damages calculation; precise quantification can impact legal outcomes significantly.
/ˈsuːɪdʒ ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
The city council updated the sewage regulation to reduce water contamination.
Sewage regulation often intersects with environmental and public health law; clarity about jurisdiction and standards is crucial in drafting.
/ˈsuːəl kənˈvɛnʃən/
The Sewel Convention guides the UK Parliament's restraint in legislating on Scottish matters without Scottish Parliament consent.
The Sewel Convention is a political convention rather than a legally enforceable rule, important for understanding legislative interactions between the UK Parliament and devolved administrations.
/sɛks/
The law prohibits discrimination based on sex in employment.
The statute defines the age of consent for engaging in sex.
In legal contexts, sex may refer both to biological classification and to the act of sexual intercourse; clarity in statutory language is key to avoid ambiguity.
/ˈsɛks kraɪm/
He was charged with a sex crime after the investigation.
Sex crime is a broad category encompassing various criminal acts; definitions may vary by jurisdiction, so specifying the particular offense is important in legal drafting.
/ˈsɛks dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/
The company was sued for sex discrimination after promoting only male employees.
Sex discrimination in hiring practices is prohibited by federal law.
Sex discrimination covers both direct and indirect unfavorable treatment based on sex; precise drafting should distinguish gender-based distinctions from bona fide occupational qualifications.
/ˈsɛks əˌfɛndər/
The court ordered the convicted sex offender to register with local authorities.
The term typically involves statutory definitions varying by jurisdiction; legal documents often specify the offenses triggering registration and the duration of legal restrictions.
/ˈsɛks əˈfɛndər nɒtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
The city held a sex offender notification meeting to inform residents about new registrants in their neighborhood.
Commonly arises in statutory and procedural law related to criminal sentencing and community protection; varies by jurisdiction regarding the scope and method of notification.
/ˈseks əˌfɛndər ˌrɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃən/
The defendant was subject to sex offender registration after his conviction.
Sex offender registration statutes vary by jurisdiction and often include detailed requirements about the timing and content of registration to ensure effective monitoring and public safety.
/ˈsɛks əˈfɛndər ˈrɛdʒɪstri/
Law enforcement agencies use the sex offender registry to track individuals convicted of sex crimes.
The term typically applies specifically to registries mandated by statute for monitoring convicted sex offenders. Variations may exist by jurisdiction but share this core function.
/ˈsɛks əˌfɛns/
He was charged with a sex offense after the investigation revealed inappropriate conduct.
Conviction of a sex offense may result in mandatory registration as a sex offender.
The term encompasses a range of criminal acts defined by statute; precise scope varies by jurisdiction and statutory language.
/ˈsɛks ˈtræfɪkɪŋ/
The defendant was charged with sex trafficking for forcing victims into prostitution.
Sex trafficking statutes often require proof of coercion or exploitation and differ from voluntary sex work; precise drafting should reflect jurisdictional definitions.
/ˈsɛksɪz(ə)m/
The plaintiff filed a lawsuit alleging sexism in the employer's hiring practices.
Legal discussions of sexism often focus on its manifestations in employment, education, and access to services, requiring clear demonstration of discriminatory intent or effect.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl/
The law prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation.
The defendant was charged with sexual assault.
In legal drafting, specifying 'sexual' often requires context to clarify whether it relates to orientation, conduct, or identity to ensure precise application.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl əˌbjus/
The defendant was charged with sexual abuse of a child.
The organization implemented strict policies to prevent sexual abuse in the workplace.
Sexual abuse is a broad legal term covering various unlawful sexual acts, often distinguished from but overlapping with sexual assault; precise legal definitions vary by jurisdiction, so context is important.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔːlt/
The defendant was charged with sexual assault for forcibly touching the victim.
Sexual assault statutes vary widely between jurisdictions but aim to protect individuals from sexual violence.
Sexual assault definitions vary by jurisdiction; drafters should specify applicable statutes and distinguish from related offenses such as rape and battery.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈbætəri/
The defendant was charged with sexual battery for touching the victim without permission.
Sexual battery statutes vary by jurisdiction but generally focus on non-consensual sexual touching distinct from penetration offenses.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈkɒndʌkt/
The statute prohibits certain types of sexual conduct without consent.
The court considered whether the defendant's sexual conduct constituted harassment.
Sexual conduct is a broad legal term encompassing a range of behaviors subject to regulation; defining it precisely depends on context such as criminal law, family law, or civil rights.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/
The company faced a lawsuit for sexual discrimination after denying her promotion because of her gender.
Sexual discrimination often overlaps with gender discrimination but specifically focuses on distinctions or biases rooted in sex or gender in legal contexts.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɛksplɔɪˈteɪʃən/
The organization works to prevent sexual exploitation and support victims of human trafficking.
Sexual exploitation often appears in statutes addressing human trafficking and child protection; precise definitions vary by jurisdiction but generally include abuse of power or vulnerability for sexual purposes.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɛksplɔɪˈteɪʃən əv ˈtʃɪldrən/
The prosecution presented evidence of sexual exploitation of children in the trafficking ring.
The term is primarily used in criminal and international law contexts; drafting legal definitions should emphasize the protection of minors and the prohibitions against coercion and commercial sexual use.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈhærəsmənt/
The company launched an investigation after multiple complaints of sexual harassment were reported.
She filed a lawsuit alleging sexual harassment by her supervisor, claiming it affected her promotion chances.
Sexual harassment is often categorized legally into 'quid pro quo' and 'hostile work environment' types; drafting policies should clearly define and distinguish these to ensure comprehensive coverage.
/ˈsekʃuəl mɪsˌkɒndʌkt/
The employee was terminated due to multiple reports of sexual misconduct.
Sexual misconduct is a broad legal term often defined contextually by jurisdiction or institutional regulations; precise definitions and consequences vary depending on applicable laws or policies.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈfɛns/
The defendant was charged with a sexual offence for the assault reported by the victim.
The term broadly covers a range of crimes involving non-consensual or illegal sexual acts; precise legal definitions vary by jurisdiction.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈfɛns/
He was charged with a sexual offense after the investigation revealed non-consensual acts.
Definition varies by jurisdiction; statutes often list specific acts under sexual offenses with varying penalties.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈfɛns ˈrɛdʒɪstri/
The community was informed when a new name was added to the sexual offense registry.
The term is specific to statutory schemes requiring registration by convicted individuals; drafting should note jurisdictional variations in offenses covered and public access rules.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɔːriənˈteɪʃən/
The law prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment.
The term is central in anti-discrimination contexts; legal definitions often emphasize protected statuses regardless of biological sex or gender identity.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl prɛdətər/
The court imposed strict monitoring conditions on the convicted sexual predator.
The term is legally charged, often linked with statutes mandating registration and specific sentencing; precise definitions may vary by jurisdiction.
/ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈvaɪələns/
The defendant was charged with sexual violence for forcibly touching the victim.
International law recognizes sexual violence as a war crime and a violation of human rights.
Sexual violence is a broad legal term encompassing various non-consensual sexual acts; precise usage may vary by jurisdiction. Definitions often overlap with related offenses, so careful statutory reading is essential.
/ˈsɛkʃʊəli/
The law prohibits discrimination sexually motivated in the workplace.
Often used as an adverb modifying actions or conditions involving sex; important in statutory language concerning prohibited conduct or protections.
