AL glossary terms

Browse full definitions for every AL term in the Amicus glossary.

Alarm

/əˈlɑːrm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A warning signal or device designed to alert individuals of danger, unlawful entry, or emergency.
    The security system includes an alarm that notifies the authorities when triggered.
  2. (v.) To warn or alert someone to danger or a problem.
    The officer was alarmed by the suspicious behavior near the courthouse.

Forms

  • alarms
  • alarmed
  • alarming

Commentary

In legal contexts, an alarm often relates to security measures or requirements in contracts and property law, emphasizing timely notification to prevent harm or loss.



Albeit

/ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt/

Definitions

  1. (conj.) Although; notwithstanding that, used to introduce a concession or contrast in legal texts.
    The contract is valid, albeit subject to certain conditions.

Commentary

Albeit is a formal concessive conjunction often used in legal drafting to highlight exceptions or contrasts without negating the main assertion.


Alcohol

/ˈæl.kə.hɒl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A chemical substance, especially ethanol, that is subject to regulation in laws related to consumption, taxation, and control.
    The sale of alcohol is restricted by state laws to prevent underage drinking.
  2. (n.) Drinks or beverages containing ethanol, often regulated under alcohol licensing laws.
    The bar obtained a license to sell alcohol legally.

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'alcohol' primarily refers to ethanol as a regulated substance and to beverages containing it; distinctions in statutes often dictate the application of the term.


Alcohol Licensing

/ˈæl.kə.hɒl ˈlaɪ.sən.sɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal process for authorizing the manufacture, sale, or distribution of alcohol.
    The bar failed to comply with alcohol licensing regulations and was fined.
  2. (n.) A regulatory framework governing when and where alcoholic beverages may be sold or consumed.
    Local authorities impose restrictions under alcohol licensing laws to control public consumption.

Forms

  • alcohol licensing

Commentary

Alcohol licensing laws vary widely by jurisdiction, affecting commercial operations and public health policy; precision in drafting ensures clear conditions and enforcement mechanisms.


Alcohol Regulation

/ˈæl.kə.hɒl ˌrɛɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of laws, rules, and administrative procedures governing the manufacture, sale, distribution, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.
    The city council enacted new alcohol regulation to restrict the sale of spirits after midnight.
  2. (n.) The regulatory framework aimed at preventing alcohol-related harm through licensing, age restrictions, and advertising controls.
    Alcohol regulation requires retailers to verify customers' ages before selling alcoholic products.

Commentary

Alcohol regulation often balances public health concerns with commercial interests; drafters should clearly define scope and enforcement mechanisms.


Alcoholic

/ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person who suffers from alcoholism or is addicted to alcoholic beverages.
    The court considered his status as an alcoholic in determining his eligibility for rehabilitation.
  2. (adj.) Relating to or containing alcohol.
    The law regulates alcoholic beverages differently from non-alcoholic drinks.

Forms

  • alcoholics

Commentary

Use the noun form when referring to a person with addiction, and the adjective form to describe substances or matters involving alcohol.


Alcoholic Beverage

/ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk ˈbɛvərɪdʒ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Any liquid intended for human consumption that contains ethanol (ethyl alcohol), subject to legal regulation regarding production, sale, and distribution.
    The sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted to individuals over the age of 21 in many jurisdictions.
  2. (n.) In tax and regulatory law, a category of goods often taxed differently from non-alcoholic drinks due to their intoxicating content.
    The state imposed higher taxes on alcoholic beverages than on soft drinks.

Forms

  • alcoholic beverages

Commentary

Legal definitions emphasize regulatory, tax, and licensing contexts; definitions vary by jurisdiction but center on ethanol content and consumption.


Alcoholic Beverage Control

/ˌæl.kəˈhɒ.lɪk ˈbɛv.ər.ɪdʒ kənˈtroʊl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A system of state or local government regulation that governs the manufacture, sale, distribution, and possession of alcoholic beverages.
    The state's alcoholic beverage control agency issued new licenses to local bars.
  2. (n.) A government authority or agency responsible for enforcing alcoholic beverage laws and regulations.
    The alcoholic beverage control board conducted inspections to ensure compliance with licensing laws.

Forms

  • alcoholic beverage control

Commentary

Often abbreviated as ABC, alcoholic beverage control is a regulatory framework that varies by jurisdiction and may include licensing, taxation, and enforcement functions regarding alcohol-related activities.


Alcoholism

/ˌæl.kəˈhɒ.lɪ.zəm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A chronic, often compulsive disorder characterized by excessive and habitual consumption of alcoholic beverages, with possible legal implications such as impaired driving or employment disputes.
    The court considered his alcoholism when evaluating his fitness for custody.

Commentary

In legal contexts, alcoholism may be relevant to cases involving negligence, disability claims, or criminal responsibility; precise definitions can vary by jurisdiction.


Alert

/əˈlɜrt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A warning or notification of danger, or a call to immediate attention in legal or official contexts.
    The court issued an alert regarding the imminent deadline for filing claims.
  2. (adj.) Being watchful and ready to respond to potential issues or dangers, especially in legal or security settings.
    The security personnel remained alert throughout the trial.
  3. (v.) To warn or notify someone of a legal issue or danger.
    The plaintiff alerted the court to new evidence.

Forms

  • alerts
  • alerted
  • alerting

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'alert' often implies prompt awareness and response; its use as a noun typically involves official warnings or notifications.


Alert Status

/ˈæl.ɚt ˈsteɪ.təs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formally declared level of readiness or threat recognized by legal or governmental authorities.
    The government raised the alert status to high due to the imminent natural disaster.
  2. (n.) A condition under which specific legal or security protocols are activated to manage potential or actual risks.
    The company maintained an alert status during the cyberattack investigation.

Forms

  • alert status

Commentary

Alert status is often formally codified in law or regulation to trigger certain legal or administrative measures based on threat assessment.


Algorithm

/ˈælɡərɪðəm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A set of rules or procedures, often implemented in software, designed to perform a specific legal or judicial function.
    The court relied on an algorithm to evaluate sentencing guidelines.
  2. (n.) A computational method used in legal technology for tasks like document review or predictive analytics.
    Legal firms increasingly use algorithms to predict case outcomes.

Forms

  • algorithm
  • algorithms

Commentary

In legal contexts, algorithms often underpin automated decision-making and must be evaluated for fairness and transparency.


Algorithmic Accountability

/ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪk əˌkaʊntəˈbɪlɪti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The principle and practice of holding entities responsible for the design, deployment, and impact of automated decision-making systems under legal and ethical standards.
    Algorithmic accountability requires companies to disclose how their AI affects loan approvals to prevent discrimination.

Forms

  • algorithmic accountability

Commentary

Focuses on legal responsibility for effects of algorithms, emphasizing transparency and fairness in automated decisions.


Algorithmic Bias

/ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪk ˈbaɪəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The systematic and repeatable errors in computer algorithms that create unfair outcomes, often reflecting or amplifying human biases, especially in contexts like employment, criminal justice, and lending.
    The court examined the case for evidence of algorithmic bias in the predictive policing software.

Forms

  • algorithmic bias

Commentary

Legal analysis of algorithmic bias often focuses on its impact on protected classes under anti-discrimination law and the transparency obligations for automated decision-making.


Algorithmic Decision-Making

/ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪk dɪˈsɪʒən ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The use of computer algorithms to make decisions or recommendations in legal or administrative contexts, often involving data processing and automated analysis.
    Algorithmic decision-making in credit scoring raises important questions about transparency and fairness.
  2. (n.) A process whereby legal or regulatory decisions are made or influenced by automated computational procedures rather than human judgment.
    Regulators are scrutinizing algorithmic decision-making systems used in immigration applications for bias.

Forms

  • algorithmic decision-making

Commentary

In legal contexts, it is crucial to assess algorithmic decision-making systems for compliance with standards of fairness, transparency, and accountability.


Algorithmic Trading

/ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪk ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The use of computer algorithms to automatically execute securities trades based on predefined criteria, subject to financial regulations and compliance requirements.
    Algorithmic trading must comply with market manipulation laws to ensure fair trading practices.

Forms

  • algorithmic trading

Commentary

Legal analysis of algorithmic trading often focuses on regulatory compliance, market fairness, and the prevention of manipulative practices.


Alias

/ˈeɪliəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An assumed or additional name used by a person, often for legal identity purposes.
    The defendant was known by an alias during the investigation.
  2. (adv.) Used to indicate that a person is known by another name in addition to or instead of their real name.
    John Smith, alias Robert Johnson, was charged with fraud.

Commentary

Commonly used in criminal law and litigation to identify persons by alternative names; important to distinguish from legal name or pseudonym for clarity in documents.


Alibi

/ˈælɪbaɪ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal defense claiming that the accused was elsewhere when the crime occurred, thus excusing them from guilt.
    She presented a credible alibi that placed her out of town during the robbery.

Forms

  • alibis

Commentary

An alibi must be supported by evidence and is crucial in criminal trials to establish non-presence at the crime scene.


Alien

/ˈeɪliən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person who is not a citizen or national of the country in which they are present.
    The visa application process differs for each alien residing in the United States.
  2. (adj.) Relating to or characteristic of a person who is not a legal citizen or national of a country.
    Alien status affects eligibility for certain government benefits.

Forms

  • aliens

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'alien' specifically denotes noncitizens and is crucial in immigration and nationality law; usage should be precise to distinguish from other immigration statuses.


Alien Labor Certification

/ˈeɪliən ˈleɪbɚ ˌsɜːrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A government-issued document certifying that the employment of a foreign worker will not adversely affect the wages and working conditions of U.S. workers.
    The employer had to obtain an alien labor certification before hiring the foreign worker.

Forms

  • alien labor certification
  • alien labor certifications

Commentary

Essentially a procedural safeguard in U.S. immigration law to protect domestic labor markets; often a prerequisite for certain employment-based visas.


Alien Registration

/ˈeɪliən ˌrɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal process requiring non-citizens to register their presence and information with immigration authorities.
    Alien registration is mandatory for lawful permanent residents in the United States.

Forms

  • alien registration

Commentary

Often tied to issuance of identification cards (e.g., green cards); important in immigration compliance and enforcement contexts.


Alien Smuggling

/ˈeɪliən ˈsmʌɡlɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The illegal act of knowingly transporting, harboring, or facilitating the unauthorized entry of non-citizens into a country in violation of immigration laws.
    The defendant was convicted of alien smuggling for transporting undocumented immigrants across the border.

Forms

  • alien smuggling

Commentary

Alien smuggling specifically refers to the covert facilitation of illegal entry of individuals across borders, distinct from human trafficking which involves exploitation.


Alien Status

/ˈeɪliən ˈsteɪtəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal classification of a person as an alien, determining their rights and obligations under immigration and nationality laws.
    His alien status required him to apply for a work visa before employment.

Forms

  • alien status

Commentary

Often used in immigration law contexts to distinguish persons who are not citizens from those who are; precise usage depends on jurisdiction and legal framework.


Alienability

/ˌeɪ.li.əˈnæbɪləti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The quality or capacity of property or rights to be transferred or alienated from one person to another.
    The alienability of real estate is often restricted by law or contract.
  2. (n.) In legal contexts, the susceptibility of a right or interest to be sold, conveyed, or otherwise transferred.
    Certain intellectual property rights may have limited alienability under licensing agreements.

Commentary

Alienability commonly appears in property and contract law; drafters should specify if alienability is subject to statutory or contractual restrictions.


Alienage

/ˈeɪliənɪdʒ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal status or condition of being an alien, i.e., a person who is not a citizen or national of a particular country.
    The court examined the alienage of the individual to determine their eligibility for certain protections.

Commentary

Alienage primarily concerns the legal classification affecting rights and obligations; when drafting, clearly distinguish it from citizenship or mere residency.


Alienate

/ˈeɪl.jə.neɪt/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To transfer or dispose of property or rights to another, often through sale or conveyance.
    The owner alienated the land to a third party.
  2. (v.) To cause a person to become estranged or hostile, especially in a legal relationship such as family or contract.
    His actions alienated his business partner, leading to litigation.

Forms

  • alienates
  • alienated
  • alienating

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'alienate' primarily concerns the transfer of property rights, but it also denotes causing estrangement in relationships, which may have contractual or familial implications.


Alienation

/ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The transfer or conveyance of title, property, or rights from one person to another.
    The alienation of property must be documented to ensure clear ownership.
  2. (n.) In trust law, the voluntary act of a beneficiary transferring their beneficial interest to another party.
    The beneficiary’s alienation of the trust interest required trustee approval.
  3. (n.) The legal doctrine restricting or prohibiting the transfer of land or property under certain conditions, such as restrictions against alienation in leases or covenants.
    The lease contained a clause limiting the tenant’s alienation of the premises.

Commentary

In legal contexts, alienation typically emphasizes formal transfer and may involve restrictions; clarity in drafting alienation clauses is crucial to avoid unintended encumbrances.


Alignment

/əˈlaɪnmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act of adjusting parts to achieve proper coordination or agreement, often in contractual or organizational contexts.
    The alignment of the company’s policies with regulatory standards was crucial for compliance.
  2. (n.) The state of parties or interests being in agreement or cooperation within legal or political frameworks.
    The alignment between the two governments strengthened their treaty negotiations.

Forms

  • alignments

Commentary

In legal writing, 'alignment' often implies consensus or conformity central to enforceability and cooperation; drafting should clarify whether it refers to procedural adjustment or substantive agreement.


Alimony

/ˈælɪməˌni/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court-ordered allowance paid by one spouse to the other for support after separation or divorce.
    The court awarded alimony to the spouse who had lesser financial means.

Commentary

Alimony typically depends on the payer's ability to pay and the recipient's needs; it may be temporary or permanent based on jurisdiction and circumstances.


Allegation

/əˌlɛɡˈeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal statement claiming that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically made without proof at the time.
    The plaintiff's allegation of breach of contract was carefully examined by the court.

Forms

  • allegations

Commentary

An allegation is not equivalent to proof; it initiates a claim or accusation requiring substantiation in legal proceedings.


Allege

/əˈlɛdʒ/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To assert or claim something to be true, typically without proof at the time of assertion, especially in legal pleadings.
    The plaintiff alleges that the defendant breached the contract.

Forms

  • alleges
  • alleged
  • alleging

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'allege' is often used to state claims in pleadings before evidence is presented; it implies assertion rather than proven fact.


Allegiance

/əˈliːdʒəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The duty or loyalty owed by a person to a state or sovereign.
    Citizens swear allegiance to the nation when they take the oath of citizenship.

Forms

  • allegiances

Commentary

Allegiance is a foundational concept in constitutional and immigration law, often expressed through oaths or pledges; it denotes an individual’s legal and moral commitment to a political authority.


Allegory

/ˈælɪɡəri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A narrative or representation in which characters and events symbolize broader legal or moral concepts.
    The judge referred to the story as an allegory illustrating the principle of justice.

Forms

  • allegory
  • allegories

Commentary

In legal contexts, allegory is used to convey complex legal principles through illustrative stories or symbolism.


Allergen Labeling

/ˈælɚdʒən ˈlɛbəlɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal requirement to disclose the presence of substances that may cause allergic reactions on product packaging or labeling, particularly in food and pharmaceuticals.
    The manufacturer complied with allergen labeling laws by clearly listing peanuts on the product package.

Forms

  • allergen labeling
  • allergen labelings

Commentary

Allergen labeling is often mandated by statute or regulation and requires precise, clear disclosure to protect consumers with allergies.


Alleviate

/əˈliː.vi.eɪt/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To reduce the severity or ease the intensity of legal burdens or penalties.
    The court sought to alleviate the defendant's financial obligations by reducing the fine.
  2. (v.) To mitigate harm or discomfort in legal contexts, such as during dispute resolution.
    Mediation can alleviate tensions between disputing parties.

Forms

  • alleviates
  • alleviating
  • alleviated

Commentary

In legal writing, 'alleviate' often refers to softening consequences or burdens rather than eliminating them entirely.


Alley

/ˈæl.i/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A narrow passageway or lane between or behind buildings, often providing access or egress and sometimes relevant in property law.
    The property includes access to the alley at the rear for deliveries.

Forms

  • alleys

Commentary

In legal contexts, alleys may implicate property rights such as easements or public access; clarity about ownership and use rights is crucial in drafting.


Alliance

/əˈlaɪəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal agreement or union between two or more parties, especially states or organizations, to cooperate for mutual benefit or common purpose.
    The treaty established a military alliance between the neighboring countries.
  2. (n.) A coalition formed for political, legal, or commercial objectives, often to strengthen bargaining power or achieve shared goals.
    Several companies formed an alliance to lobby for industry-friendly regulations.

Forms

  • alliances

Commentary

In legal contexts, an alliance often implies a structured, mutually binding relationship distinct from informal cooperation.


Alliance Agreement

/əˈlaɪəns əˈɡriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A contract between two or more parties to cooperate for mutual benefit while remaining independent entities.
    The companies signed an alliance agreement to jointly develop new technology.

Forms

  • alliance agreement
  • alliance agreements

Commentary

Draft alliance agreements should clearly define each party's rights, obligations, and the scope of cooperation to avoid disputes over autonomy and shared resources.


Allocable Cost

/ˈæləkəbl kɔst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A cost that can be assigned or attributed to a specific legal entity, project, or expense category under applicable accounting or regulatory standards.
    The allocable cost of the project was carefully calculated to comply with government contracting rules.

Forms

  • allocable cost

Commentary

In legal and regulatory contexts, allocable costs must be traceable to a particular scope or activity to ensure proper cost recovery or compliance, especially in government contracts.


Allocate

/ˈæl.ə.keɪt/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To designate or assign resources, rights, or duties for a specific purpose or party, often in a legal or contractual context.
    The court allocated the settlement funds among the claimants.

Forms

  • allocate
  • allocates
  • allocated
  • allocating

Commentary

In legal drafting, be precise about what is being allocated and to whom, as allocation can affect rights and obligations.


Allocation

/ˌæləˈkeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process of distributing or designating resources, rights, or liabilities among parties or accounts in legal or financial contexts.
    The allocation of assets was detailed in the settlement agreement.
  2. (n.) The apportionment of proceeds or costs according to legal rules, especially in tax law or contracts.
    Tax regulations govern the allocation of income between jurisdictions.

Commentary

Allocation often requires precise language to clarify the criteria and method, especially in contracts and taxation, to avoid ambiguity and disputes.


Allocation of Risk

/ˌæləˈkeɪʃən əv rɪsk/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The contractual provision assigning potential risks and liabilities between parties.
    The allocation of risk clause specified who would bear the cost of unforeseen damages.
  2. (n.) The process by which courts or tribunals determine which party is responsible for certain risks in a dispute.
    The court's allocation of risk favored the plaintiff in the case of the defective product.

Forms

  • allocation of risk
  • allocation of risks

Commentary

Allocation of risk clauses are critical in contracts to clearly delineate responsibility and limit litigation; precise drafting ensures predictable outcomes.


Allocation Policy

/ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən ˈpɒl.ɪ.si/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal or regulatory framework that governs the distribution and assignment of resources or benefits among parties.
    The allocation policy determined how the bankruptcy estate's assets were distributed among creditors.
  2. (n.) A policy established by an organization or authority directing the prioritization and apportionment of limited resources, often in compliance with law.
    The city council's allocation policy prioritized affordable housing funds for low-income families.

Forms

  • allocation policy
  • allocation policies

Commentary

Allocation policies are often subject to statutory or contractual constraints and can significantly impact rights and obligations; drafting should clearly specify criteria and procedures to avoid ambiguity.


Allocation Priority

/ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən praɪˈɒr.ɪ.ti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal precedence assigned to claims or demands for payment, determining the sequence and priority of distribution of funds or assets among creditors or beneficiaries.
    The court upheld the allocation priority of secured creditors before distributing remaining assets to unsecured creditors.

Forms

  • allocation priority

Commentary

Allocation priority is critical in contexts such as bankruptcy and debt enforcement to establish the order in which claims are satisfied, often influencing litigation strategy and settlement outcomes.


Allow

/əˈlaʊ/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To grant permission for something to happen or give consent.
    The court allowed the evidence to be admitted.
  2. (v.) To concede or admit as true for the purpose of argument or procedure.
    The judge allowed the facts stated in the pleadings.

Forms

  • allows
  • allowed
  • allowing

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'allow' commonly pertains to granting permission or admitting facts; clarity on context avoids ambiguity between procedural allowance and substantive permission.


Allowable Cost

/əˈlaʊəbəl kɔst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A cost recognized by a contract or regulatory framework as eligible for reimbursement or inclusion in pricing.
    The contractor submitted documentation to justify the allowable costs under the government contract.
  2. (n.) An expense that complies with the terms of a grant, award, or governmental funding requirements for reimbursement.
    Only allowable costs were reimbursed by the federal grant to ensure compliance with funding rules.

Forms

  • allowable cost
  • allowable costs

Commentary

Precise definition of allowable cost varies by regulatory context; careful review of governing contracts or regulations is essential for proper application.


Allowable Expense

/əˈlaʊəbl ɪkˈspɛns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A cost or expenditure that is permitted under a specific contract, regulation, or legal framework to be reimbursed or deducted.
    The contractor submitted an invoice including all allowable expenses under the government contract.
  2. (n.) An expense deemed reasonable and necessary for the conduct of business or fulfillment of legal duties, often defined by tax or accounting rules.
    The company claimed depreciation as an allowable expense on its tax return.

Forms

  • allowable expense
  • allowable expenses

Commentary

Allowable expenses must conform strictly to the governing contract or statutory provisions; clarity in defining allowable expenses helps prevent disputes over cost recovery.


Allowance

/əˈlaʊəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A sum of money allotted or granted, often periodically, for a particular purpose such as expenses or provisions.
    The employee received a travel allowance to cover transportation costs.
  2. (n.) A permitted deduction or tolerance in measurements under a contract or regulation.
    The contract included an allowance for minor dimensional variances in the construction materials.

Forms

  • allowances

Commentary

In legal drafting, specifying the purpose and conditions for an allowance can prevent disputes over its application or scope.


Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

/əˈlaʊəns fər ˈdaʊtfəl əˈkaʊnts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An accounting provision that estimates the amount of accounts receivable unlikely to be collected, recognized to comply with the principle of conservatism in financial reporting.
    The company increased its allowance for doubtful accounts to reflect the rising risk of customer defaults.

Forms

  • allowance for doubtful accounts
  • allowance for doubtful account
  • allowances for doubtful accounts

Commentary

Use this term in financial and legal contexts related to debt recovery and creditor rights; precise estimation affects reporting accuracy and legal assessment of credit risk.


Allowance Trading

/ˈæləʊəns ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A market-based system allowing entities to buy and sell emission allowances to comply with environmental regulations.
    The company engaged in allowance trading to meet its carbon emission targets efficiently.

Forms

  • allowance trading

Commentary

Allowance trading is pivotal in environmental law, enabling flexible compliance with emission limits through market mechanisms.


Ally

/ˈæl.aɪ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A party that aligns with another for a mutual benefit, often in legal contexts such as litigation or political agreements.
    The defendant sought allies among advocacy groups to support the case.
  2. (v.) To formally align or unite with another party for legal, political, or strategic purposes.
    The companies allied to strengthen their negotiating position.

Forms

  • allies
  • allied
  • allying

Commentary

In legal drafting, specify the nature of the alliance (e.g., contractual, political) to clarify rights and obligations.


Alms

/ˈɑːmz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Money, food, or goods given voluntarily to the poor or needy, often for charitable or religious purposes.
    The charity distributed alms to the destitute during the holiday season.

Commentary

In legal contexts, alms typically relate to charitable giving and may involve trust or gift law principles.


Alone

/əˈloʊn/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Without any other person present; solitary, often implying legal significance in matters of custody or capacity.
    The witness testified that he was alone in the room during the incident.

Commentary

Used in legal contexts to establish presence or absence of others, which can affect credibility, consent, or responsibility.


Alter Ego Doctrine

/ˈɔːltər ˈiːɡoʊ ˈdɒktrɪn/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal principle allowing courts to disregard the separate legal personality of a corporation to hold its shareholders or parent company liable for the corporation's actions or debts.
    The court applied the alter ego doctrine to hold the parent company responsible for the subsidiary’s liabilities.

Commentary

Used primarily to prevent fraud or injustice by treating related entities as one; drafting should clarify under what circumstances this doctrine applies.


Alteration

/ˌɔːltəˈreɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A change or modification made to a legal document, contract, will, or other official record that may affect the rights or obligations of the parties involved.
    The alteration to the contract was agreed upon by both parties in writing.
  2. (n.) In property law, a structural or physical change made to real property or improvements that may require consent or permits under applicable regulations.
    The homeowner sought approval before making any alterations to the historic building.

Forms

  • alterations

Commentary

In legal drafting, clearly specifying the scope and effect of an alteration helps prevent disputes over unauthorized changes.


Alternate

/ˈɔːltərnət/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Serving in place of another; substituted by choice or necessity in legal contexts such as alternate jurors or alternate dispute resolution.
    The court appointed an alternate juror to replace the one who fell ill.
  2. (n.) A person or thing that serves as a substitute, especially in legal procedures like an alternate juror.
    An alternate was ready to take the juror's place if needed.

Forms

  • alternates

Commentary

The adjective and noun forms are both commonly used in legal contexts, particularly relating to roles or procedures involving substitution. Use 'alternate' carefully to distinguish from 'alternative,' which implies choice between distinct options rather than substitution.


Alternate Dispute Resolution

/ˈɔːltərnɪt dɪsˈpjuːt rɪˈzɒlʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A range of methods used to resolve disputes outside of formal judicial proceedings, including mediation, arbitration, and negotiation.
    The parties agreed to pursue alternate dispute resolution to avoid a lengthy court battle.

Forms

  • alternate dispute resolutions

Commentary

Alternate dispute resolution encompasses various non-judicial mechanisms and is valued for its flexibility, confidentiality, and potential cost savings compared to litigation.


Alternate Juror

/ˈɔːltərnət ˈdʒʊrər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A juror selected to replace a regular juror if needed during a trial.
    The alternate juror observed the trial but did not participate in deliberations unless called upon.

Forms

  • alternate jurors

Commentary

Alternate jurors serve as backups to ensure a full jury if a regular juror is unable to continue, typically excused before deliberations unless substitution is required.


Alternation

/ˌɔːltərˈneɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The regular or systematic switching between two or more legal provisions, rules, or parties within a statutory or procedural context.
    The alternation of jurisdiction between federal and state courts can complicate case strategy.
  2. (n.) In contract or legal drafting, the process of substituting one clause or party with another in a sequence or conditional manner.
    The alternation clauses in the contract allowed the parties to modify responsibilities annually.

Commentary

In legal drafting, clarity is key when employing alternation clauses to avoid ambiguity between substituted terms or rules.


Alternative

/ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Offering or expressing a choice between two or more legally distinct options or remedies.
    The contract provided an alternative dispute resolution method to avoid litigation.
  2. (n.) A substitute or different option available within a legal framework or procedural context.
    The defendant chose the alternative of arbitration instead of going to trial.

Forms

  • alternatives (plural n.)

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'alternative' often modifies terms indicating distinct choices, stressing mutually exclusive options or methods.


Alternative Dispute Resolution

/ˌɔːltərˈnətɪv dɪˈspjuːt ˌrɛzəˈluːʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A set of methods used to resolve disputes outside of traditional court litigation, including arbitration, mediation, and negotiation.
    The parties agreed to settle their contract dispute through alternative dispute resolution rather than going to court.

Commentary

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) emphasizes flexibility and efficiency; drafts should specify the ADR methods agreed upon and the binding nature of outcomes.


Alternative Investment

/ˌɔːltərˈneɪtɪv ɪnˈvɛstmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An investment in asset classes other than traditional stocks, bonds, or cash, often including private equity, hedge funds, real estate, or commodities.
    The fund manager diversified the portfolio by increasing allocations to alternative investments such as private equity.

Forms

  • alternative investment
  • alternative investments

Commentary

In legal documents, clearly specify the type of alternative investment due to varying regulatory regimes and risk profiles.


Alternative Investment Fund

/ˌɔːltərˈneɪtɪv ɪnˈvɛstmənt fʌnd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A pooled investment vehicle, other than traditional mutual funds, investing in assets like hedge funds, private equity, real estate, and commodities, usually subject to distinct regulatory frameworks.
    The Alternative Investment Fund attracted high-net-worth investors seeking diversified exposure outside public markets.

Forms

  • alternative investment fund
  • alternative investment funds

Commentary

Often regulated differently from traditional funds, alternative investment funds require careful compliance with jurisdiction-specific securities laws.



Alternative Provisions

/ˌɔːltərˈneɪtɪv prəˈvɪʒənz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Clauses or conditions set within a contract or legal document that provide substitute or additional options should the primary provisions be inapplicable or fail.
    The contract included alternative provisions to address potential delays in delivery.

Forms

  • alternative provision

Commentary

Alternative provisions serve as legally effective contingencies and should be drafted clearly to avoid ambiguity about which provision applies under what circumstances.


Alternative Sentencing

/ˌɔːltərˈneɪtɪv ˈsentənsɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A judicially authorized punishment that deviates from traditional incarceration, often involving community service, probation, or treatment programs.
    The court imposed alternative sentencing to better address the defendant's rehabilitation needs.

Forms

  • alternative sentencing

Commentary

Alternative sentencing emphasizes non-custodial penalties aimed at reducing prison populations and promoting offender reintegration.


Alternative Service

/ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv ˈsɜːrvɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A method of serving legal documents to a party through means other than personal delivery, often by mail, publication, or electronic service.
    The court authorized alternative service when the defendant could not be located for personal delivery.

Forms

  • alternative service

Commentary

Alternative service is typically employed when traditional personal service is impracticable; practitioners should specify the alternative method clearly in pleadings or court orders.


Alternative Trading System

/[ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈsɪstəm]/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A non-exchange trading venue that matches buyers and sellers of securities outside of traditional stock exchanges.
    The company chose to execute the order through an alternative trading system to access greater liquidity.

Forms

  • alternative trading system
  • alternative trading systems

Commentary

Alternative trading systems operate under different regulatory frameworks than traditional exchanges, offering anonymity and often lower transaction costs.


Although

/əˈðoʊ/

Definitions

  1. (conj.) Used to introduce a contrast or exception within a statement, typically to acknowledge a differing fact or condition.
    Although the contract was signed, the parties did not agree on its terms.

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'although' sets up concessive clauses that recognize opposing facts without negating the main clause, aiding clarity in complex agreements.


Altitude

/ˈæl.tɪ.tjuːd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Vertical distance of an object or point measured from sea level or ground level, relevant in aviation law and property law contexts.
    The aircraft maintained a safe altitude above the restricted airspace.

Forms

  • altitude

Commentary

In legal contexts, altitude most commonly arises in aviation regulation and property boundary disputes relating to the vertical extent of land ownership or airspace rights.


Alumnus

/ˈæləmnəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A male graduate or former student of a particular school, college, or university.
    The alumnus donated generously to his alma mater's scholarship fund.

Forms

  • alumni

Commentary

In legal contexts, clarity about gender and plurality of 'alumnus' versus 'alumna' or 'alumni' can be important in drafting related documents.


Alwd Citation Manual

/ˈeɪˌɛlˌdʌbəlˌdi ˈsaɪteɪʃən ˈmænjuəl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A comprehensive guide for legal citation in the United Kingdom, published by the Association of Legal Writing Directors, covering style, punctuation, and source citation rules.
    The law students referred to the ALWD Citation Manual to correctly format their case citations.

Forms

  • alwd citation manual

Commentary

Often preferred over other citation manuals for its clarity and practicality in U.K. legal writing contexts.


Glossary – AL Terms