AG glossary terms

Browse full definitions for every AG term in the Amicus glossary.

Against

/əˈɡɛnst/

Definitions

  1. (prep.) In opposition to; in a contrary position or direction legally relevant to rights or claims.
    The plaintiff filed a motion against the defendant.
  2. (prep.) In consideration of or reliant upon, often indicating a counterpoint or condition in legal agreements.
    The contract was made against future performance.

Commentary

Used primarily as a preposition in legal contexts to denote opposition, liability, or conditionality, often pivotal in pleadings and contractual language.


Age

/ˈeɪdʒ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The length of time a person has lived or a legal qualification based on time from birth relevant for rights and duties.
    The legal age for voting is 18.
  2. (n.) A period or stage in a legal process or status, often defining eligibility or limitation.
    The age of majority determines when a person assumes full legal capacity.

Forms

  • ages
  • aged
  • aging
  • ageing

Commentary

Age is key in determining legal capacity and eligibility; definitions vary by jurisdiction and context.


Age Discrimination

/ˈeɪdʒ dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Unlawful treatment of an individual in employment, housing, or other areas based on their age.
    The company faced a lawsuit for age discrimination when it refused to promote older employees.

Forms

  • age discriminations

Commentary

Typically applies under laws like the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) and focuses on adverse actions specifically due to age, distinct from other protected characteristics.


Age Discrimination in Employment Act

/ˈeɪdʒ dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən ɪn ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ækt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A U.S. federal law enacted in 1967 that prohibits employment discrimination against individuals aged 40 and older.
    The Age Discrimination in Employment Act protects workers from being fired due to their age.

Forms

  • age discrimination in employment act

Commentary

Commonly abbreviated as ADEA; important to specify its age focus distinct from other anti-discrimination statutes.



Age of Majority

/ˈeɪdʒ əv məˈdʒɒrɪti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legally defined age at which a person is considered an adult and responsible for their actions.
    She reached the age of majority at eighteen, gaining full legal rights.
  2. (n.) The point at which parental control or guardianship legally ends.
    Upon attaining the age of majority, the ward was no longer subject to guardianship.

Commentary

The age of majority varies by jurisdiction and typically affects contract capacity and criminal responsibility.


Age Test

/ˈeɪdʒ tɛst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal criterion used to determine a person's eligibility or capacity based on age, often for benefits, employment, or compliance with age-specific laws.
    The age test confirmed that the applicant was eligible for the senior citizen benefits.

Forms

  • age test
  • age tests

Commentary

The age test is commonly applied in contexts like employment law and eligibility for government programs; precise legal thresholds vary by jurisdiction.


Age-Appropriate Instruction

/ˈeɪdʒ əˈproʊpriɪt ɪnˈstrʌkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Instruction tailored to the cognitive, emotional, and developmental level appropriate for a specific age group, often required by education law and policy.
    The school must provide age-appropriate instruction to meet legal standards for student learning.

Forms

  • age-appropriate instruction

Commentary

In legal drafting, specifying 'age-appropriate instruction' ensures compliance with education statutes and IDEA regulations, aligning teaching methods and content with developmental suitability.


Aged

/ˈeɪdʒd/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Describing a person who has reached an advanced stage of life, often recognized in law for special rights or considerations.
    The aged are often entitled to certain social benefits under elder law.
  2. (adj.) Describing property or evidence that has been kept for a long time, affecting its legal treatment or admissibility.
    The aged documents were scrutinized for authenticity in the trial.

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'aged' primarily refers to persons of advanced years or items preserved over time; clarity is important when drafting benefits or rights based on age.


Ageism

/ˈeɪdʒɪz(ə)m/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Discrimination or prejudice against individuals based on their age, especially in contexts like employment, housing, or access to services.
    The employee filed a complaint citing ageism in the hiring process.

Commentary

Legal texts often address ageism within anti-discrimination frameworks, emphasizing protection for older workers and vulnerable age groups.


Agency

/ˈeɪdʒənsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A relationship in which one person (the agent) is authorized to act on behalf of another (the principal).
    The agency agreement allowed the realtor to negotiate sales for the homeowner.
  2. (n.) An organization or entity authorized to act for the government or another principal, often to enforce laws or provide services.
    The Environmental Protection Agency regulates pollutants in the air and water.

Commentary

In legal drafting, clearly distinguishing the parties in an agency relationship is critical, particularly in defining the scope of authority and duties of the agent.


Agency Action

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˈækʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A final or preliminary decision, rule, order, or action taken by a government agency that affects legal rights or interests.
    The agency action was challenged in court for exceeding the authority granted by statute.

Forms

  • agency action
  • agency actions

Commentary

Agency action is a foundational concept in administrative law, encompassing various ways agencies implement laws; precise statutory reference is important for determining reviewability.


Agency Adjudication

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˌædʒuˈdɪkeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process by which a governmental agency issues a formal decision resolving a dispute or determining rights after a hearing or investigation.
    The Environmental Protection Agency's adjudication found the company in violation of pollution standards.
  2. (n.) A quasi-judicial proceeding conducted by an administrative agency to enforce regulations or interpret statutes within its jurisdiction.
    Agency adjudication often serves as an initial step before cases reach the federal courts.

Forms

  • agency adjudication
  • agency adjudications

Commentary

Agency adjudication is distinct from judicial adjudication as it takes place within the administrative structure, often governed by statutes like the Administrative Procedure Act, emphasizing procedural protections and expertise.


Agency Adjudicator

/ˈeɪdʒənsi əˈdʒuːdɪˌkeɪtər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An official within a government agency empowered to conduct hearings and issue decisions on disputes or regulatory matters.
    The agency adjudicator ruled in favor of the complainant after reviewing all evidence.

Forms

  • agency adjudicator
  • agency adjudicators

Commentary

The term often overlaps with administrative law judge but specifically denotes officials within agencies rather than independent adjudicators.


Agency Agreement

/ˈeɪdʒənsi əˈɡriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A contract wherein one party (the agent) is authorized to act on behalf of another (the principal) in business transactions or legal matters.
    The company entered into an agency agreement to appoint the firm as its sales representative.

Forms

  • agency agreement
  • agency agreements

Commentary

Agency agreements must clearly define the scope of authority and responsibilities to avoid liability issues for the principal.


Agency Authority

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ɔːˈθɒrɪti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal power granted to an agent to act on behalf of a principal in transactions and decisions.
    The agency authority allows the agent to negotiate contracts for the company.
  2. (n.) The scope within which an agent can legally bind the principal to third parties.
    Exceeding the agency authority may result in the agent being personally liable.

Forms

  • agency authority

Commentary

Agency authority is critical in defining the limits of an agent’s power; drafters should clearly specify whether authority is actual or apparent to avoid disputes.


Agency Bulletin

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˈbʊlɪtɪn/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An official publication issued by a government agency providing guidance, policy updates, or procedural instructions to inform the public or regulated entities.
    The agency bulletin outlined the new compliance requirements for financial institutions.

Forms

  • agency bulletin
  • agency bulletins

Commentary

Agency bulletins serve as non-binding but persuasive communications clarifying agency interpretation or policy; drafters should distinguish them from formal regulations or statutes.


Agency Contract

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˈkɒntrækt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legally binding agreement whereby one party (the agent) is authorized to act on behalf of another (the principal) to create legal relations with third parties.
    The company signed an agency contract appointing a representative to negotiate on its behalf.
  2. (n.) A contract establishing the rights and duties between the principal and the agent in their agency relationship.
    The agency contract outlined the scope of the agent's authority and compensation terms.

Forms

  • agency contract
  • agency contracts

Commentary

Agency contracts must clearly define the scope of authority to avoid liability issues between principal, agent, and third parties.


Agency Cost

/ˈeɪdʒənsi kɒst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Costs incurred due to conflicts of interest between principals and agents within a legal or corporate framework.
    The board analyzed the agency cost arising from executive decisions misaligned with shareholder interests.

Forms

  • agency cost
  • agency costs

Commentary

Agency cost typically arises in corporate law contexts and involves expenses related to monitoring, bonding, and residual loss due to divergent interests between agents and principals.


Agency Decision

/ˈeɪdʒənsi dɪˈsɪʒən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal determination made by a government agency that affects the rights or obligations of individuals or entities.
    The agency decision to revoke the license was contested in court.

Forms

  • agency decision
  • agency decisions

Commentary

Agency decisions often require adherence to procedural fairness and are subject to judicial review for legality and reasonableness.


Agency Directive

/ˈeɪdʒənsi dəˈrɛktɪv/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal instruction or guideline issued by a governmental or regulatory agency to direct actions or policies within its jurisdiction.
    The environmental agency issued a directive to reduce industrial emissions within the state.

Forms

  • agency directive
  • agency directives

Commentary

Agency directives differ from regulations in that they often guide internal agency operations or policy interpretation rather than creating binding legal obligations for the public.


Agency Discretion

/ˈeɪdʒənsi dɪsˈkrɛʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The authority granted to a governmental agency to make decisions and judgments within its legally defined powers.
    The agency discretion allowed the regulator to set compliance timelines appropriate to industry conditions.
  2. (n.) The latitude agencies have to choose among different policy options when implementing statutes, absent clear legislative direction or judicial constraints.
    Judicial review often scrutinizes whether agency discretion has been exercised within permissible bounds.

Forms

  • agency discretion

Commentary

Agency discretion reflects a balance between administrative flexibility and legal accountability; drafting should clarify the scope of granted discretion to avoid ambiguity.


Agency Fee

/ˈeɪdʒənsi fiː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A fee charged by an agent to a principal for services rendered in the course of representing the principal.
    The agency fee was deducted from the commission paid to the real estate agent.

Forms

  • agency fee
  • agency fees

Commentary

Agency fees often vary depending on the scope of representation and must be clearly defined in the agency agreement to avoid disputes.


Agency Guidance

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˈɡaɪdəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Interpretations, advisories, or clarifications issued by a government agency to inform the public or regulated entities about legal or regulatory expectations.
    The Environmental Protection Agency issued agency guidance on chemical disposal procedures.
  2. (n.) Nonbinding rules or statements that help explain and interpret statutes or regulations but do not have the force of law.
    Although agency guidance is not legally binding, courts often consider it persuasive.

Forms

  • agency guidance

Commentary

Agency guidance serves as an important tool for regulatory agencies to clarify legal requirements, though it typically lacks binding authority unless formalized through rulemaking.


Agency Head

/ˈeɪdʒənsi hɛd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The highest-ranking official in a government agency responsible for overall management and policy direction.
    The agency head approved the new regulations before submission to the legislature.

Forms

  • agency head
  • agency heads

Commentary

The term typically denotes the top executive responsible for agency decisions and is often a presidential appointee or similar high-level official.


Agency Interpretation

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˌɪntərprɪˈteɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process by which a government agency interprets statutes, regulations, or its own rules, giving meaning to ambiguous legal texts within its jurisdiction.
    The agency interpretation of the environmental statute clarified compliance requirements for businesses.
  2. (n.) A legal doctrine granting deference to an agency's reasonable interpretation of ambiguous statutory provisions it administers.
    Courts often apply Chevron deference to uphold an agency interpretation if it is reasonable.

Forms

  • agency interpretation

Commentary

Agency interpretation often requires careful scrutiny to determine the extent of judicial deference; drafters should distinguish between interpretive rules and legislative rules in regulations.


Agency Law

/ˈeɪdʒənsi lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of law governing relationships in which one party (agent) is authorized to act on behalf of another (principal).
    Under agency law, the agent's actions can bind the principal to contracts.
  2. (n.) Rules and principles regulating the creation, duties, and termination of agency relationships.
    Agency law ensures that agents act within their authority when representing principals.

Forms

  • agency law

Commentary

Agency law is fundamental in commercial and employment contexts, emphasizing the scope of agent authority and the principal's liability.


Agency Order

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˈɔrdər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A directive issued by an administrative agency that orders a party to take or refrain from certain actions within the agency's regulatory authority.
    The agency order required the company to cease operations until safety standards were met.
  2. (n.) A formal decision or ruling made by a government agency resolving a dispute or enforcing a law.
    The environmental agency order imposed fines for violations of pollution limits.

Forms

  • agency order
  • agency orders

Commentary

Agency orders must be clear and grounded in statutory authority to ensure enforceability and due process.


Agency Power

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˈpaʊər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal authority granted to an agent to act on behalf of a principal.
    The agent exercised agency power to negotiate the contract for the principal.
  2. (n.) The specific capacity or scope within which an agent may bind the principal in legal dealings.
    The agency power did not extend to signing off on loans without prior approval.

Forms

  • agency power
  • agency powers

Commentary

Agency power must be clearly defined to avoid disputes about the extent of an agent’s authority; courts often distinguish between actual and apparent authority within this context.


Agency Procedure

/ˈeɪdʒənsi prəˈsiːdʒər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The processes and rules governing how administrative agencies conduct investigations, hearings, rulemaking, and enforcement.
    The agency procedure requires a public hearing before any new regulation can be adopted.

Forms

  • agency procedure
  • agency procedures

Commentary

Agency procedure varies by jurisdiction but commonly includes steps to ensure fairness and transparency in agency actions.


Agency Record

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˈrɛkərd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Documents or materials created or obtained by a governmental agency in the course of its official duties, often used as evidence of agency actions or decisions.
    The court reviewed the agency record to determine whether the administrative decision was supported by substantial evidence.

Forms

  • agency record
  • agency records

Commentary

The term 'agency record' is crucial in administrative law and denotes the complete set of documents reviewed on appeal or judicial review. Clarify whether the record includes all materials compiled by the agency or only those formally considered in decision-making.


Agency Regulation

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˌrɛɡjəˈleɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A rule or directive issued by a governmental agency to implement or interpret statutes.
    The agency regulation requires companies to report emissions quarterly.

Forms

  • agency regulation
  • agency regulations

Commentary

Agency regulations must be consistent with statutory authority and are subject to judicial review for reasonableness and adherence to procedural requirements.


Agency Relationship

/ˈeɪdʒənsi rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A fiduciary relationship in which one party (the agent) is authorized to act on behalf of another (the principal) in legal or business matters.
    The agency relationship obligates the agent to act in the best interests of the principal.

Forms

  • agency relationships

Commentary

The agency relationship creates binding obligations for the principal via the agent's acts; clarity in drafting the extent of authority is essential to avoid disputes.


Agency Rule

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ruːl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A binding norm or policy issued by a government agency pursuant to delegated legislative authority, which directs agency action and has legal effect.
    The agency rule requires all businesses to comply with the new environmental standards.
  2. (n.) A rule issued by an administrative agency that has the force of law after the required procedures such as notice-and-comment rulemaking.
    The public submitted comments during the agency rulemaking process before the final rule was adopted.

Forms

  • agency rule
  • agency rules

Commentary

Agency rules differ from informal guidance in their binding legal effect and are typically subject to judicial review under administrative law principles.


Agency Rulemaking

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˈruːlˌmeɪkɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process by which administrative agencies formulate, amend, or repeal rules and regulations to implement statutes.
    Agency rulemaking establishes binding regulations that guide industry compliance.
  2. (n.) A procedure governed by statutes like the Administrative Procedure Act that requires public notice, comment, and finalization of agency rules.
    Notice and comment is a fundamental step in agency rulemaking under the APA.

Forms

  • agency rulemaking

Commentary

Agency rulemaking is a critical administrative law function differentiating binding legislative rules from interpretive guidance; drafters should note procedural requirements vary depending on the type of rulemaking.


Agency Shop

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ʃɑp/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A type of labor agreement requiring employees to pay union fees while not obligating them to join the union.
    The company instituted an agency shop agreement to ensure all workers contributed to collective bargaining costs.

Forms

  • agency shop

Commentary

Agency shop arrangements balance union funding with employee freedom by mandating fee payments without requiring union membership.


Agency Shop Fees

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ʃɑp fiːz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Fees paid by nonunion employees to a union to cover collective bargaining costs in an agency shop arrangement.
    Agency shop fees are mandatory payments for employees who benefit from union negotiations without joining the union.

Forms

  • agency shop fees
  • agency shop fee

Commentary

Agency shop fees are distinct from union dues; they cover only collective bargaining costs and exclude political activities under certain legal rulings.


Agency Supervision

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˌsuːpərˈvɪʒən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The oversight and regulatory control exercised by a government agency or supervisory body over its subordinate entities, agents, or regulated parties to ensure compliance with legal and policy standards.
    The agency supervision imposed stricter reporting requirements on financial institutions.
  2. (n.) The legal duty and authority a principal has to monitor and control the acts of its agents in the context of agency law.
    Proper agency supervision can mitigate liability for acts committed by employees beyond their authority.

Forms

  • agency supervision

Commentary

Agency supervision encompasses both regulatory oversight by public bodies and the internal control a principal exercises over agents; clarity in drafting should distinguish these contexts.


Agency Theory

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˈθɪəri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal and economic theory explaining relationships where one party (the principal) delegates work to another (the agent), focusing on conflicts of interest and mechanisms to align incentives.
    Agency theory addresses the challenges principals face in ensuring agents act in their best interest.

Forms

  • agency theory

Commentary

Agency theory is central in corporate law and contract law for understanding duties and conflicts in delegated authority relationships.


Agency Worker

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˈwɜːrkər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An individual employed by an agency and assigned to work temporarily at a third-party employer's site under the agency's oversight.
    The agency worker was assigned to complete the project at the client company.
  2. (n.) A worker who is not directly employed by the company they work for but by an employment agency, often with distinct rights under labor laws.
    Agency workers have specific protections concerning pay and working conditions.

Forms

  • agency worker
  • agency workers

Commentary

The term often arises in contexts involving labor rights and obligations distinct from direct employment; defining the relationship is key for legal classification.


Agency Worker Regulations

/ˈeɪdʒənsi ˈwɜːrkər ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃənz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Statutory rules regulating the rights and protections of agency workers, ensuring equal treatment with permanent employees under certain conditions.
    The Agency Worker Regulations entitle temporary staff to equal pay after 12 weeks.

Forms

  • agency worker regulations

Commentary

Primarily applied in UK law, these regulations aim to prevent discrimination against agency workers compared to permanent staff, especially concerning pay, working conditions, and access to facilities.


Agenda

/əˈdʒɛn.də/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A list or outline of items to be discussed or acted upon at a meeting, especially in legal or formal settings.
    The board reviewed the agenda before the meeting began.
  2. (n.) A set of goals or priorities pursued by a party, especially in legal policy or negotiations.
    The attorney presented the client's agenda during the settlement talks.

Commentary

In legal contexts, an agenda serves as a procedural guide ensuring orderly discussion and decision-making; drafters should clearly specify agenda items to avoid disputes about meeting scope.


Agenda Setting

/ˈædʒəndə ˈsɛtɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process by which particular issues are prioritized for discussion and decision in legal or policy contexts.
    The judge's agenda setting influences which cases receive expedited hearings.

Forms

  • agenda setting

Commentary

Often involves discretion in legal settings to advance certain issues over others, impacting resource allocation and timing.


Agent

/ˈeɪdʒənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person authorized to act on behalf of another, particularly in legal or business matters.
    The agent negotiated the contract on behalf of the principal.
  2. (n.) A party who has the authority to create legal relations for another by their actions.
    An agent can bind the principal through valid agreements.
  3. (n.) In tort law, one who acts under the control or direction of another and can render the principal liable for their acts.
    The principal is responsible for the acts of their agent under respondeat superior.

Forms

  • agents

Commentary

In drafting, clarify the agent’s scope of authority to avoid unintended liability for the principal.


Agent Agreement

/ˈeɪdʒənt əˈɡriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A contractual arrangement where one party (the principal) appoints another (the agent) to act on their behalf in business transactions.
    The company signed an agent agreement granting the representative authority to negotiate deals.

Forms

  • agent agreement
  • agent agreements

Commentary

Agent agreements must clearly define the scope of authority and duties of the agent to avoid disputes over unauthorized acts.


Agent Provocateur

/ˈeɪdʒənt ˌprɒvəˈkætɜːr/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person who covertly incites others to commit illegal acts, often to entrap them or justify prosecution.
    The police were accused of employing an agent provocateur to incite violence at the protest.

Forms

  • agents provocateur

Commentary

In legal contexts, use precise terms to distinguish an agent provocateur from other covert operatives, as the former implies intent to induce wrongdoing rather than merely observe.


Agenthood

/ˈeɪdʒəntˌhʊd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The state, status, or quality of being an agent with legal authority to act on behalf of another.
    The agenthood of the trustee empowered her to make binding decisions for the trust.

Commentary

Agenthood denotes the legal capacity or status to act as an agent, emphasizing authority and responsibility; it is distinct from the individual agent themselves.


Agentic

/əˈdʒɛn.tɪk/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Pertaining to the capacity of an individual or entity to act with autonomy and intentionality within legal or organizational contexts.
    The agentic role of the trustee allows them to manage the trust assets according to the settlor’s wishes.

Commentary

The term 'agentic' emphasizes the proactive, self-directed capacity to act, often relevant in discussions of agency law and organizational behavior.


Agenticness

/əˈdʒɛn.tɪk.nəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The quality or state of being agentic, characterized by autonomous action, self-direction, and purposeful behavior.
    The court recognized the agenticness of the party in executing the contract independently.

Commentary

Agenticness is used to emphasize autonomous decision-making or action often relevant in assessing individual or organizational behavior under law.


Agentive

/ˈeɪ.dʒən.tɪv/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Relating to or denoting the capacity of an entity to act or exert agency, especially in legal contexts.
    The agentive language in the contract clarified who was authorized to make decisions.

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'agentive' often describes terminology or roles involving agency and delegated authority; clarity is crucial to avoid ambiguity regarding power and responsibility.


Agentively

/ˈeɪdʒəntɪvli/

Definitions

  1. (adv.) In a manner relating to or characteristic of an agent, especially in legal contexts where an agent acts on behalf of a principal.
    The contract was agentively executed by the authorized representative.

Commentary

Used primarily in legal analysis to describe actions or roles performed 'by an agent' or 'in the capacity of an agent'; it is an adverbial form derived from 'agentive.'


Aggravate

/ˈæɡrəˌveɪt/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To worsen or intensify the severity or culpability of a legal offense or circumstance.
    The defendant's actions aggravated the charges against him.
  2. (v.) To make a situation or condition more serious or burdensome in a legal context.
    The delay in filing the claim aggravated the plaintiff's position.

Forms

  • aggravates
  • aggravated
  • aggravating

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'aggravate' often appears in phrases like 'aggravating circumstances' to denote factors that increase a defendant's culpability or the severity of a penalty.


Aggravated Assault

/ˈæɡrəveɪtɪd əˈsɔːlt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A criminal offense involving an unlawful attack on another person with intent to cause serious bodily injury, often employing a deadly weapon or resulting in significant harm.
    He was charged with aggravated assault after threatening the victim with a knife.

Forms

  • aggravated assaults

Commentary

Aggravated assault statutes vary by jurisdiction but typically include factors such as use of a weapon or intent to cause serious injury, differentiating it from simple assault.


Aggravated Crime

/ˈæɡrəˌveɪtɪd kraɪm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A criminal offense considered more serious due to the presence of certain circumstances, such as use of a weapon or intent to cause greater harm.
    He was charged with an aggravated crime because he used a deadly weapon during the assault.

Forms

  • aggravated crime
  • aggravated crimes

Commentary

Use 'aggravated crime' to specify offenses with factors increasing their severity; laws vary on what conditions qualify as aggravating.


Aggravated Damages

/ˈæɡrəˌveɪtɪd ˈdæmɪdʒɪz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Monetary compensation awarded to a claimant instead of or in addition to actual damages, intended to punish the defendant for egregious wrongful conduct and to deter similar behavior.
    The court awarded aggravated damages to the plaintiff for the defendant's malicious actions.

Forms

  • aggravated damage

Commentary

Aggravated damages are a distinct category from punitive damages but share the goal of punishing the defendant; drafting should clarify the specific conduct warranting such damages.


Aggravated Murder

/ˈæɡrəˌveɪtɪd ˈmɜrdər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A murder charge involving specific aggravating factors such as premeditation, extreme cruelty, or commission during another felony, elevating its severity and penalties.
    He was charged with aggravated murder due to the premeditated nature of the crime and use of a deadly weapon.

Forms

  • aggravated murder

Commentary

Aggravated murder statutes vary by jurisdiction but generally establish enhanced penalties; drafters should specify statutory aggravating factors clearly to distinguish from lesser homicide offenses.


Aggravated Offense

/ˈæɡrəˌveɪtɪd ˈɔːfɛns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A criminal offense that is more serious due to the presence of certain factors increasing its culpability or harm.
    The defendant was charged with an aggravated offense because a deadly weapon was used.

Forms

  • aggravated offenses

Commentary

Aggravated offenses often entail harsher penalties reflecting the increased severity or circumstances; drafting should clearly specify the aggravating factors.


Aggravated Robbery

/ˈæɡrəˌveɪtɪd ˈrɒbəri/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A robbery committed with circumstances that increase its severity, such as use of a deadly weapon, causing serious injury, or assaulting a victim.
    He was charged with aggravated robbery after threatening the cashier with a firearm.

Forms

  • aggravated robberies

Commentary

Aggravating factors vary by jurisdiction; drafters should specify which elements elevate the offense to aggravated robbery.


Aggravated Sentence

/ˈæɡrəveɪtɪd ˈsɛntəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A harsher penalty imposed on a defendant due to the presence of aggravating factors during sentencing.
    The judge imposed an aggravated sentence because of the crime's violent nature.

Forms

  • aggravated sentence
  • aggravated sentences

Commentary

Aggravated sentences reflect judicial discretion to increase punishment severity based on specific circumstances enhancing culpability.


Aggravated Sexual Assault

/ˈæɡrəˌveɪtɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A more severe form of sexual assault involving aggravating factors such as use of a weapon, causing serious injury, or assaulting a minor or vulnerable person.
    He was charged with aggravated sexual assault due to the use of a weapon during the attack.

Commentary

The term typically distinguishes the offense from lesser sexual assaults by the presence of specific aggravating factors, often increasing penalties; exact elements vary by jurisdiction.


Aggravating Circumstance

/ˈæɡrəˌveɪtɪŋ ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A fact or situation that increases the severity or culpability of a criminal act, potentially leading to harsher punishments.
    The presence of an aggravating circumstance led the judge to impose a stricter sentence.

Forms

  • aggravating circumstances

Commentary

Aggravating circumstances must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt and are critical in sentencing phases to distinguish degrees of culpability.


Aggravating Evidence

/ˈæɡrəˌveɪtɪŋ ˈɛvɪdəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Evidence presented in a legal proceeding that tends to increase the severity or culpability of a crime or wrongdoing.
    The prosecution introduced aggravating evidence to argue for a harsher sentence.

Forms

  • aggravating evidence

Commentary

'Aggravating evidence' specifically refers to facts or proofs that enhance the gravity of the offense and influence sentencing outcomes.


Aggravating Factor

/ˈæɡrəˌveɪtɪŋ ˈfæktər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A circumstance or detail that increases the severity or culpability of a criminal offense, often leading to enhanced penalties.
    The judge considered the defendant's prior convictions as an aggravating factor during sentencing.
  2. (n.) A factor that makes a civil wrong or breach more serious, potentially affecting damages awarded.
    The intentional nature of the breach was an aggravating factor in the damages awarded.

Forms

  • aggravating factor
  • aggravating factors

Commentary

Aggravating factors are specific elements identified in statutes or case law that justify harsher penalties; drafters should clearly define these factors to ensure judicial consistency.


Aggravation

/ˌæɡrəˈveɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An increase in the severity or seriousness of a crime or harmful act, often leading to heightened penalties.
    The judge considered the defendant’s prior offenses as an aggravation in sentencing.
  2. (n.) The act of making a situation worse or more burdensome in legal proceedings, such as aggravation of damages or injuries.
    The plaintiff claimed aggravation of injuries due to the defendant’s negligence.

Commentary

In legal drafting, clearly distinguishing aggravation from mitigation or enhancement ensures accurate charge classification and penalty application.


Aggravation of Harm

/ˌæɡrəˈveɪʃən əv hɑrm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An increase or worsening of injury or damage, often relevant in claims for damages or tort liability.
    The plaintiff argued that the defendant's actions caused an aggravation of harm, increasing the severity of the injuries.

Forms

  • aggravation of harm
  • aggravations of harm

Commentary

The term typically arises in personal injury and tort law contexts, where establishing aggravation of harm can affect the amount of damages recoverable.


Aggregate

/ˈæɡrɪɡət/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The total amount or sum of individual parts considered collectively, often used in legal contexts to refer to combined assets, damages, or data.
    The court examined the aggregate damages claimed by all plaintiffs together.
  2. (adj.) Formed or calculated by the combination of several separate elements; collective.
    The aggregate liability of the parties exceeded initial estimates.

Forms

  • aggregates

Commentary

In legal drafting, distinguishing between 'aggregate' as a noun and adjective clarifies when reference is to the total sum or the nature of combined elements.


Aggregate Damage

Definitions

  1. (n.) The total damages claimed or awarded by combining multiple individual harm amounts into a single sum, often used to reflect the overall impact of a series of related losses.
    The court calculated the aggregate damage caused by the defendant's repeated breaches over several years.

Forms

  • aggregate damage
  • aggregate damages

Commentary

Aggregate damage is often used in class actions or multi-claimant litigation to represent a collective total, which may affect settlement and proof requirements.


Aggregate Litigation

/ˈæɡrɪɡɪt ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A consolidation of multiple similar legal claims into a single lawsuit to improve efficiency and consistency in adjudication.
    The court approved aggregate litigation to handle the numerous claims arising from the defective product.
  2. (n.) A procedural device allowing a representative or class action to resolve multiple related claims collectively.
    Aggregate litigation often underpins class action lawsuits in mass tort cases.

Forms

  • aggregate litigation

Commentary

Aggregate litigation typically involves grouping claims that share common issues of fact or law, facilitating judicial economy and consistent rulings. Drafters should clearly specify criteria for aggregation to avoid confusion with joinder or consolidation.


Aggregated Litigation

/ˈæɡrɪɡeɪtɪd ˈlɪtɪɡeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal procedure combining multiple related lawsuits into one consolidated case to improve efficiency and consistency in adjudication.
    The court ordered aggregated litigation to resolve the disputes involving numerous plaintiffs with a common legal issue.

Forms

  • aggregated litigation

Commentary

Aggregated litigation is used strategically to manage complex cases involving numerous parties or claims, reducing duplicative efforts and risk of conflicting rulings.


Aggregation

/ˌæɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process of collecting and combining multiple legal claims, parties, or actions into a single proceeding for efficiency or consistency.
    The court approved the aggregation of all related claims into one class action lawsuit.
  2. (n.) The sum total or collective amount used to meet statutory thresholds, such as aggregation of damages or fines.
    The plaintiff's total claim amount was determined by aggregation of individual damages.

Forms

  • aggregations

Commentary

Aggregation typically arises in procedural contexts; clarity on what is aggregated (claims, parties, amounts) is essential for precise drafting.


Aggression

/əˈɡrɛʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another, often constituting a breach of peace or legal norms.
    The defendant was charged with aggression after initiating physical violence during the dispute.
  2. (n.) In international law, the use of armed force by a state against the sovereignty, territorial integrity, or political independence of another state without justification.
    The invasion was condemned as an act of aggression under international law.

Commentary

In legal contexts, aggression may denote both personal acts of hostility and international acts of war; clarity depends on context and applicable jurisdiction.


Aggressive

/əˈɡrɛsɪv/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Characterized by or exhibiting readiness to attack or confront, especially in a legal context concerning negotiations or litigation.
    The attorney's aggressive strategy pressured the opposing party into a settlement.
  2. (adj.) Relating to acts or conduct that assert one's rights or claims forcefully, sometimes considered hostile or contentious in legal disputes.
    The aggressive prosecution secured a swift conviction.

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'aggressive' often describes conduct or strategies that are forceful and confrontational, useful in advocacy but potentially risking alienation or escalation.


Aggressive Behavior

/əˈɡrɛsɪv bɪˈheɪvjər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Conduct characterized by forceful or hostile actions that may cause harm or intimidation in a legal context.
    The defendant's aggressive behavior was cited as evidence of intent to intimidate.
  2. (n.) Behavior by a party in litigation exhibiting undue hostility or confrontational tactics.
    Aggressive behavior by counsel can impact the court's perception of the case.

Commentary

In legal usage, aggressive behavior often implies conduct with potential legal consequences such as intimidation or assault, and may vary by context from physical acts to procedural conduct in litigation.


Aggressive Litigation

/ˈæɡrɛsɪv ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The proactive and vigorous pursuit of legal claims or defenses, often involving assertive strategies to secure a favorable outcome.
    The firm's aggressive litigation tactics pressured the defendant into a settlement.

Commentary

Aggressive litigation denotes strategic assertiveness rather than mere frequency of lawsuits; it often shapes negotiation leverage and reputation.


Aggressively

/əˈɡrɛsɪvli/

Definitions

  1. (adv.) In a manner showing readiness to attack or confront, often in legal disputes or negotiations.
    The attorney acted aggressively during the settlement talks to protect their client's interests.

Forms

  • aggressive

Commentary

Used to describe conduct or tactics in legal contexts indicating assertiveness that may border on hostility; drafting should clarify intent to avoid implying illegality.


Aggressiveness

/əˈɡrɛsɪvnəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The quality or state of being aggressive, especially in legal disputes or negotiations, indicating assertiveness or hostility.
    The lawyer's aggressiveness in court helped secure a favorable verdict for the client.

Commentary

In legal contexts, aggressiveness often denotes a strategic posture rather than unlawful hostility.


Aggressor

/əˈɡrɛsər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A party that initiates hostile or aggressive action against another in a conflict or dispute, often violating legal norms or international law.
    The international court condemned the state as the aggressor in the conflict.

Forms

  • aggressors

Commentary

In legal contexts, identifying the aggressor is crucial for assessing liability and justifications for responses such as self-defense or countermeasures.


Agitation

/ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act of stirring up public feeling or unrest, often to provoke legal or social action.
    The protest was described as an act of agitation against the new law.
  2. (n.) In legal contexts, the act of urging or inciting others, which can relate to labor disputes or political demonstrations.
    The union leader's agitation led to a peaceful negotiation between workers and management.

Commentary

Agitation in legal usage often pertains to actions that may border on incitement; context and intent are critical in distinguishing lawful expression from punishable conduct.


Agitator

/ˈædʒɪˌteɪtər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person who actively promotes or incites public unrest or labor disputes, often within a legal context concerning labor law or public order.
    The union accused the agitator of encouraging illegal strikes.

Forms

  • agitators

Commentary

In legal usage, the term often appears in discussions of labor disputes or public order offenses; care should be taken to distinguish between lawful advocacy and unlawful incitement.


Agree

/əˈɡriː/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To mutually consent to a proposal or contract, creating binding legal obligations.
    Both parties agreed to the terms of the settlement.
  2. (v.) To concur or have the same opinion.
    The judges agreed on the interpretation of the statute.

Forms

  • agrees
  • agreed
  • agreeing

Commentary

In legal drafting, "agree" typically indicates mutual consent essential for contract formation; ensure clarity on the subject and object to avoid ambiguity.


Agreement

/əˈɡriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A mutual understanding or arrangement between two or more parties that is intended to be legally binding.
    The parties reached an agreement on the sale price of the property.
  2. (n.) A formal contract or treaty setting out the terms agreed upon by the involved parties.
    The countries signed a trade agreement to reduce tariffs.

Forms

  • agreements

Commentary

In legal drafting, clarity on the parties' mutual assent and intention to be bound is essential when creating an agreement.


Agreement Amendment

/əˈɡriːmənt əˈmɛndmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal alteration or addition made to an existing contract or agreement, modifying its terms without creating a new agreement.
    The parties signed an agreement amendment to extend the contract duration by six months.

Forms

  • agreement amendments

Commentary

An agreement amendment must be clearly documented and mutually agreed upon to ensure enforceability and avoid ambiguity.


Agreement Date

/ˈæɡriːmənt deɪt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The date on which the parties to a contract or legal instrument signify their mutual assent, often marking the document's execution or formation.
    The obligations under the contract commence on the agreement date.

Forms

  • agreement date

Commentary

The agreement date is critical for determining the timeline of contractual rights and duties; it may differ from the effective date, which is the date a contract's terms start to apply.


Agrément

/ˈæɡreɪmɑ̃/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Formal approval or consent, especially by a government for a diplomatic appointment or treaty.
    The ambassador's appointment required the agrément of the host country.

Commentary

Used primarily in international law and diplomacy to denote official consent before formalizing agreements or appointments.


Agricultural College

/ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl ˈkɒlɪdʒ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An educational institution specializing in teaching and research in agriculture and related sciences, often legally established by statute.
    The agricultural college provided farmers with new techniques to improve crop yields.

Forms

  • agricultural college
  • agricultural colleges

Commentary

Often established or governed by statute or charter, agricultural colleges may be key in implementing agricultural policy and education law.


Agricultural Law

/ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Branch of law governing agricultural practices, land use, farming regulations, and rural development policies.
    The new agricultural law introduced subsidies for sustainable farming.
  2. (n.) Legal framework addressing rights and duties related to agricultural labor and tenancy.
    Disputes over tenant rights are often settled under agricultural law.

Commentary

Agricultural law encompasses multiple aspects including environmental regulation, land tenure, labor rights, and food safety; practitioners should specify the particular domain when relevant.


Agricultural License

/ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl ˈlaɪsəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal authorization granted to individuals or entities to engage in specified agricultural activities, such as farming, livestock raising, or use of agricultural land, subject to regulatory conditions.
    The farmer obtained an agricultural license to cultivate organic crops on his property.

Forms

  • agricultural license

Commentary

Typically issued by governmental authorities, agricultural licenses regulate activities to ensure compliance with environmental and land use laws.


Agriculture Law

/ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltʃər lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of law regulating farming, land use, agricultural production, resource management, and governmental policies affecting agriculture.
    Agriculture law governs farmer subsidies and land conservation programs.

Commentary

Agriculture law is multidisciplinary, intersecting with environmental, property, and regulatory law, often requiring specialized knowledge of both legal and agricultural issues.

Glossary – AG Terms