SP glossary terms

Browse full definitions for every SP term in the Amicus glossary.

Space

/ˈspeɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A defined area or extent of land, property, or jurisdiction relevant to legal rights or obligations.
    The lease grants the tenant exclusive rights to the commercial space.
  2. (n.) An area in documents or forms reserved for entries or signatures.
    Please sign in the space provided at the bottom of the contract.
  3. (n.) In intellectual property law, the concept of cyberspace as a virtual area where legal regulations may apply.
    Privacy laws are evolving to address conduct in digital space.

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'space' often needs contextual definition to clarify whether it refers to physical property, document layout, or virtual environments.


Space Debris Regulation

/ˈspeɪs dɪˌbri ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A set of international and national laws, guidelines, and policies aimed at managing, mitigating, and regulating the creation and removal of debris in outer space to protect space activities and assets.
    The space debris regulation requires satellite operators to deorbit defunct spacecraft to reduce collision risks.

Forms

  • space debris regulation
  • space debris regulations

Commentary

Space debris regulation is often a collective term encompassing various legal instruments and technical guidelines designed to address the growing problem of space junk and ensure sustainable space activities.


Space Law

/ˈspeɪs lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of international and national laws, agreements, and regulations governing activities in outer space, including exploration, use, liability, and resource rights.
    Space law regulates the launch and operation of satellites to ensure compliance with international treaties.

Forms

  • space law

Commentary

Space law primarily derives from international treaties and addresses unique challenges from the non-sovereign nature of outer space.


Space Liability Convention

/ˈspeɪs ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti kənˈvɛnʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An international treaty establishing liability rules for damage caused by space objects on Earth or in space.
    The Space Liability Convention defines the responsibility for damage caused by launched space objects.

Forms

  • space liability convention

Commentary

The treaty primarily addresses liability for physical damage caused by space objects, usually focusing on state responsibility and claims procedures.


Space Object

/ˈspeɪs ˈɒbdʒɛkt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Any man-made or natural object located in outer space, including satellites, spacecraft, and debris, subject to international space law.
    The treaty governs the liability for damage caused by a space object in orbit.

Forms

  • space object
  • space objects

Commentary

The term 'space object' is central to space law, particularly in relation to ownership, registration, liability, and the peaceful use of outer space.


Space Policy

/ˈspeɪs ˈpɒlɪsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A body of laws, regulations, and principles governing activities in outer space, including exploration, use, and management of space resources.
    The government revised its space policy to address the commercialization of satellite launches.
  2. (n.) Official governmental stance or strategy regarding the regulation and development of space technology and activities.
    International treaties often influence a nation's space policy decisions.

Forms

  • space policy

Commentary

Space policy terms often intertwine with international law; careful drafting ensures alignment with treaties like the Outer Space Treaty.


Space Treaty

/ˈspeɪs ˈtriːti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An international agreement regulating activities in outer space, addressing issues such as sovereignty, use, weaponization, and exploration.
    The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 is the foundational space treaty governing international space law.

Forms

  • space treaty
  • space treaties

Commentary

The term generally refers to treaties like the Outer Space Treaty; when drafting, specify which treaty or context to avoid ambiguity.


Spam

/ˈspæm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Unsolicited, usually commercial electronic messages sent in bulk, often considered illegal under anti-spam laws.
    The company was fined for sending spam emails without consent.
  2. (v.) To send unsolicited bulk electronic messages, typically in violation of legal restrictions.
    Marketers must avoid spamming customers to comply with regulations.

Forms

  • spam
  • spams
  • spammed
  • spamming

Commentary

Legally, 'spam' is primarily defined by its unsolicited and bulk nature, and is regulated under specific statutes like the CAN-SPAM Act; care must be taken to distinguish permissible marketing from illegal spam.


Spam Calls

/ˈspæm kɔːlz/

Definitions

  1. (n. pl.) Unsolicited and often fraudulent or deceptive telephone calls typically used to promote products, services, or scams, frequently violating telecommunication laws.
    The consumer filed a complaint after receiving numerous spam calls promising fake prizes.

Forms

  • spam calls
  • spam call

Commentary

Legal definitions focus on regulatory frameworks governing unsolicited communications and consumer protections against deceptive telemarketing.


Spam Laws

/ˈspæm lɔːz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Statutes or regulations that prohibit or regulate the sending of unsolicited electronic communications, especially commercial advertisements, commonly known as 'spam'.
    Spam laws are designed to protect consumers from unwanted marketing emails.

Forms

  • spam laws
  • spam law

Commentary

Spam laws vary by jurisdiction and often include provisions on consent, content requirements, and penalties to combat unsolicited electronic messaging.


Spatial Analysis

/ˈspeɪ.ʃəl əˈnæl.ə.sɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process of examining the locations, attributes, and relationships of features within a given space to aid legal decision-making, such as property boundaries or jurisdictional issues.
    Spatial analysis was crucial in resolving the dispute over territorial jurisdiction.

Forms

  • spatial analysis

Commentary

In legal contexts, spatial analysis often supports evidence regarding land use, zoning, and jurisdictional boundaries, necessitating precision in spatial data and interpretation.


Speaker

/ˈspiːkər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person who makes a formal speech or statement, especially one who addresses a legislative assembly or court.
    The speaker of the house called the session to order.
  2. (n.) The presiding officer of a legislative body, responsible for maintaining order and managing proceedings.
    The speaker ruled the motion out of order during the debate.

Forms

  • speakers

Commentary

Use 'speaker' carefully to distinguish between a person delivering any speech and the specific legislative role; context is key.


Speaker of the House

/ˈspiːkər əv ðə haʊs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The presiding officer of a legislative body, especially the lower house of a bicameral legislature, responsible for maintaining order, managing proceedings, and representing the house.
    The Speaker of the House called the session to order and recognized members to speak.

Forms

  • speaker of the house

Commentary

The term specifically denotes a formal office in legislative bodies, often with both procedural and representative roles; usage varies between jurisdictions.


Spear

/ˈspɪər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A long pointed weapon used historically in warfare and hunting, sometimes referenced in legal contexts regarding antiquities, weapon regulations, or property disputes involving historical artifacts.
    The defendant was charged with illegal possession of a spear banned under local weapon control laws.

Forms

  • spears
  • speared
  • spearing

Commentary

In legal texts, 'spear' typically appears in the context of weapon regulation or disputes involving historical objects; definitions should differentiate from common usage by referencing relevant legal frameworks.


Spear Phishing

/ˈspɪər ˈfɪʃɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A targeted cyberattack using deceptive emails or messages to fraudulently obtain sensitive information from specific individuals or organizations.
    The company suffered a data breach after a spear phishing email compromised an employee's credentials.

Commentary

Spear phishing is distinguished from general phishing by its highly targeted nature, often requiring careful drafting in legal and compliance contexts to address specific threats to organizations.


Special

/ˈspɛʃəl/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Distinctive or particular in a legal context, often referring to specific rights, powers, or proceedings that are established by law for certain cases or persons.
    The court issued a special injunction to prevent the sale of the disputed property.
  2. (n.) A special proceeding or action in law, distinct from general processes, often designed for particular circumstances.
    The party initiated a special to expedite the resolution of the dispute.

Commentary

The adjective 'special' is commonly used to denote legal rights or procedures that are limited in scope or application, contrasting with general or ordinary forms; as a noun, 'special' sometimes refers to a distinct type of proceeding or writ, though usage as a noun is less frequent and context-dependent.


Special Account

/ˈspɛʃəl əˈkaʊnt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A designated account used to hold funds separately for a specific legal purpose, often under fiduciary or regulatory control.
    The law requires a special account to hold the escrow funds until closing.
  2. (n.) An account maintained separately within an organization for earmarked funds, typically governed by special statutory or contractual provisions.
    The special account was established under the funding agreement to ensure transparency and proper use.

Forms

  • special account
  • special accounts

Commentary

Special accounts differ from general accounts by the legal requirement to segregate and restrict fund use, ensuring compliance with specific legal or contractual obligations.


Special Admission

/ˈspɛʃəl ədˈmɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A process or procedure allowing a student to be admitted to an educational institution under exceptional conditions outside the usual admissions criteria.
    The university granted her special admission despite her incomplete application.
  2. (n.) An extraordinary acceptance to a court or legal proceeding, often permitting participation of a party not normally entitled to appear.
    The defendant sought special admission to file an amicus brief in the case.

Forms

  • special admission

Commentary

Special admission is often used where normal rules do not apply, requiring clear justification for the exception.


Special Agent

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈeɪdʒənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A federal law enforcement officer authorized to conduct investigations, make arrests, and carry firearms, often employed by agencies like the FBI or DEA.
    The special agent gathered critical evidence during the criminal investigation.

Forms

  • special agents

Commentary

The term specifically denotes authority granted under federal law and distinguishes such officers from local law enforcement.


Special Appearance

/ˈspɛʃəl əˈpɪərəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An appearance in court solely to challenge its jurisdiction without submitting to it for other purposes.
    The defendant made a special appearance to contest the court’s jurisdiction before responding to the claims.

Forms

  • special appearance

Commentary

A special appearance allows a party to object to a court's personal jurisdiction without waiving that objection by submitting to the court's authority.


Special Category Data

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈkætəɡəri ˈdeɪtə/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious beliefs, trade union membership, genetic data, biometric data for identification, health data, or data concerning a person’s sex life or sexual orientation, protected under data protection laws.
    The GDPR imposes stricter requirements for processing special category data to protect individuals' privacy.

Forms

  • special category data

Commentary

The term 'special category data' originates mainly from the EU GDPR framework and highlights data types requiring higher levels of protection due to their sensitive nature.


Special Commission

/ˈspɛʃəl kəˈmɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A temporary body appointed to investigate, report on, or determine specific matters, often vested with limited judicial or administrative authority.
    The governor established a special commission to examine the causes of the recent public disturbances.

Forms

  • special commission
  • special commissions

Commentary

Special commissions are typically distinguished from standing commissions by their temporary, case-specific nature and limited jurisdiction.


Special Committee

/ˈspɛʃəl kəˈmɪt.i/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A temporary board-appointed group tasked with investigating or handling specific corporate matters requiring independent judgment.
    The board formed a special committee to review the merger proposal.

Forms

  • special committees

Commentary

Special committees are often established to manage conflicts of interest or to carry out independent investigations within an organization.


Special Counsel

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈkɒnsəl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An attorney appointed to investigate, and if warranted, prosecute or advise on a particular legal matter, often involving government interests or independent inquiries.
    The special counsel was appointed to investigate allegations of governmental misconduct.

Forms

  • special counsel

Commentary

The term denotes a role rather than a permanent office, often implying political or legal independence for sensitive investigations.


Special Court

/ˈspɛʃəl kɔːrt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court established by statute or constitution to adjudicate specific categories of cases, often with specialized jurisdiction and procedures.
    The special court was convened to handle cases related to organized crime.
  2. (n.) A tribunal set up to try individuals accused of political or military offenses, frequently outside the scope of ordinary judicial procedures.
    The defendant was brought before the special court for trial on charges of treason.

Forms

  • special courts

Commentary

Special courts often have jurisdiction limited by subject matter or class of persons and may operate under unique procedural rules to expedite specific cases.


Special Damages

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈdæmɪdʒɪz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Monetary compensation awarded for quantifiable, out-of-pocket losses directly caused by a wrongful act.
    The plaintiff claimed special damages to cover the medical bills and lost wages resulting from the accident.

Forms

  • special damages

Commentary

Special damages must be specifically pleaded and proven with evidence, as they cover precise economic losses distinguishable from general damages.


Special District

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈdɪstrɪkt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A geographically defined governmental unit created by statute to perform specific functions and provide specialized services within its boundaries.
    The special district was established to manage water resources independently of the city government.

Forms

  • special districts

Commentary

Special districts often have taxing authority and operate independently from other local governments, requiring precise statutory authorization.


Special Docket

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈdɑkɪt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A specialized court schedule or docket reserved for particular types of cases or matters, designed to expedite processing or address specific issues.
    The judge assigned the complex business litigation to the special docket to ensure faster resolution.

Forms

  • special dockets

Commentary

Special dockets are used to manage cases requiring specialized attention or accelerated treatment, often improving judicial efficiency.


Special Economic Zone

/ˌspɛʃəl ɪkəˈnɑːmɪk zoʊn/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A designated geographic area within a country where business and trade laws differ from the rest of the country to encourage investment, economic activity, and trade.
    The government established a special economic zone to attract foreign manufacturers with tax incentives.

Forms

  • special economic zone
  • special economic zones

Commentary

Special economic zones are often created by legislation or administrative order to foster economic development and attract foreign direct investment by offering regulatory and tax advantages distinct from the national regime.


Special Education

/ˈspɛʃəl ˌɛdʒʊˈkeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A specialized instructional process designed to meet the unique needs of students with disabilities, as mandated by law.
    The school district must provide special education services to eligible students under the IDEA.

Forms

  • special education

Commentary

Special education terminology often intersects with statutory mandates and educational policy; defining eligibility and service scope is critical for compliance.


Special Education Law

/ˌspɛʃəl ˌɛdʒʊˈkeɪʃən lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of law governing the provision of educational services to students with disabilities to ensure their access to free and appropriate public education.
    Special education law mandates that schools develop individualized education programs for eligible students.

Forms

  • special education law

Commentary

Special education law often involves federal statutes like the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), requiring precise compliance to safeguard students' educational rights.


Special Event Permit

/ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈvɛnt pɜːrmɪt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A government-issued authorization allowing an individual or organization to legally hold an event that would otherwise be restricted by local laws or regulations.
    The festival organizers applied for a special event permit to host the outdoor concert.

Forms

  • special event permit
  • special event permits

Commentary

Special event permits often include conditions related to safety, noise, and crowd control; drafters should specify these clearly to avoid ambiguity.


Special Injunction

/ˈspɛʃəl ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court order that directs a party to perform or refrain from a specific act, tailored to the circumstances of the case, usually temporary and urgent.
    The plaintiff obtained a special injunction to prevent the demolition of the historic building.

Forms

  • special injunctions

Commentary

Special injunctions serve as precise remedies addressing unique or exceptional factual situations, often requiring tailored language to reflect the court's intent.


Special Interest Groups

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈɪntrɪst • ɡruːps/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Organizations formed to promote and lobby for specific political or economic interests affecting legislation or regulatory policies.
    Special interest groups often influence lawmaking through advocacy and lobbying efforts.

Commentary

The term usually denotes collective entities that exert influence on government policy rather than individual interests; drafting should clarify scope and legal context of the group's activities.


Special Liberty Agreement

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈlɪbərti əˈgriːmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal agreement granting a service member authorized leave from duty under specified conditions.
    The soldier signed a special liberty agreement before taking leave to ensure compliance with military regulations.

Forms

  • special liberty agreement
  • special liberty agreements

Commentary

This term is specific to military law and practice; clarity on the conditions and obligations in the agreement is crucial for enforceability.


Special Master

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈmæstər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court-appointed official who assists the judge by conducting hearings, gathering evidence, or performing specific judicial functions.
    The court appointed a special master to oversee the complex discovery process.
  2. (n.) An officer of the court tasked with supervising the implementation of a court order or managing certain procedural aspects to aid case resolution.
    The special master monitored compliance with the court's injunction.

Forms

  • special master
  • special masters

Commentary

Special masters serve to relieve the court's workload by handling detailed or technical matters; their roles and powers vary by jurisdiction and case context.


Special Meeting

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈmiːtɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A meeting convened outside the regular schedule to address urgent or specific matters requiring members' attention.
    The board scheduled a special meeting to discuss the merger proposal.

Forms

  • special meeting
  • special meetings

Commentary

Special meetings often require specific notice periods and limited agenda items; drafters should ensure compliance with governing bylaws or statutes.


Special Operations

/ˈspɛʃəl ˌɒpəˈreɪʃənz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Military or law enforcement operations conducted by specially trained personnel to achieve precise objectives, often covert or high-risk, under legal authority.
    The special operations unit carried out a classified mission to dismantle the criminal network.

Forms

  • special operations
  • special operation

Commentary

In legal contexts, special operations often involve statutory authorization or executive directives specifying the scope and limitations of such activities.


Special Power

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈpaʊər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal authority granted to an agent or representative to act on behalf of a principal in specific, limited matters.
    The attorney was granted a special power to manage the sale of the property.
  2. (n.) A power conferred by statute or contract that enables an individual to perform particular acts beyond general authority.
    The board member exercised his special power to veto the decision.

Forms

  • special powers

Commentary

Special powers are narrowly defined authorities distinct from general powers and should be clearly specified in legal documents to avoid ambiguity.


Special Proceeding

/ˈspɛʃəl prəˈsiːdɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A judicial or administrative process designed to resolve a specific type of legal issue outside the ordinary course of law.
    The probate of a will is typically handled through a special proceeding.
  2. (n.) A proceeding that is limited in scope and governed by particular procedural rules distinct from general civil actions.
    The special proceeding for name change requires fewer formalities than a civil lawsuit.

Forms

  • special proceedings

Commentary

Special proceedings streamline resolution of narrowly defined legal matters and often have expedited or simplified procedures compared to ordinary lawsuits.


Special Prosecutor

/ˈspɛʃəl prəˈsɪkjʊtər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An independent attorney appointed to investigate and prosecute government officials or politically sensitive cases to avoid conflicts of interest.
    The special prosecutor was appointed to investigate allegations of corruption within the administration.

Forms

  • special prosecutor
  • special prosecutors

Commentary

Special prosecutors are often appointed to ensure impartiality when regular prosecutors face conflicts or political pressure.


Special Purpose Vehicle

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈpɜrpəs ˈviːɪkəl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A separate legal entity created for a specific, narrow objective, often to isolate financial risk.
    The company created a special purpose vehicle to secure funding without impacting its main balance sheet.

Forms

  • special purpose vehicles

Commentary

SPVs should be drafted clearly to specify purpose, scope, and limited liability to ensure effective risk isolation.


Special Relationship

/ˈspɛʃəl rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal doctrine recognizing a particular, often fiduciary, connection between parties that imposes special duties of care or loyalty.
    Attorneys owe their clients a duty arising from a special relationship.
  2. (n.) In tort law, a relationship giving rise to a duty to prevent harm to a specific individual, distinct from the general public.
    The court found that a special relationship existed between the therapist and patient, creating a duty to warn.

Forms

  • special relationship
  • special relationships

Commentary

The term often appears in fiduciary contexts and negligence standards; identifying a special relationship is key to establishing non-general duties.


Special Tribunal

/ˈspɛʃəl ˈtraɪbjunəl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court established for a specific purpose, often to hear cases involving particular subject matter or specialized procedures.
    The special tribunal was convened to adjudicate war crimes cases.
  2. (n.) An extraordinary court set up outside the regular judicial system, usually for politically sensitive or exceptional cases.
    The government created a special tribunal to address disputes related to the transition period.

Forms

  • special tribunal
  • special tribunals

Commentary

Special tribunals typically have limited jurisdiction and may operate under distinct procedural rules to expedite or specialize judicial processes.


Special Use Airspace

/ˈspɛʃəl juz ˈɛərspeɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A designated area of airspace with restrictions on aircraft operations for safety or security reasons, often established by government authority.
    Pilots must obtain clearance before entering special use airspace during military exercises.

Forms

  • special use airspace

Commentary

Special use airspace is typically defined by regulatory agencies to ensure safety and coordination in air navigation, often affecting both military and civilian aircraft operations.


Special Use Permit

/ˈspɛʃəl juz pərˈmɪt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An authorization granted by a governmental agency allowing a landowner or entity to use property in a way not otherwise permitted under existing zoning laws or regulations.
    The developer obtained a special use permit to build a community center in the residential zone.

Forms

  • special use permit
  • special use permits

Commentary

Special use permits are typically required where a proposed use is generally compatible with a zoning district but has specific impacts needing case-by-case review.


Specialist

/ˈspɛʃəlɪst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person with expert knowledge or skills in a particular area of law or legal practice.
    The law firm hired a specialist in intellectual property to handle the trademark case.

Forms

  • specialists

Commentary

In legal drafting and practice, distinguishing a specialist emphasizes expertise crucial for complex or technical matters.


Specially Designated Global Terrorist

/ˈspɛʃəli ˈdɛzɪɡˌneɪtɪd ˈɡloʊbəl ˈtɛrəˌrɪst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An individual or entity designated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury under Executive Order 13224 as engaged in terrorism-related activities, subject to sanctions such as asset freezes and prohibitions on dealings.
    The government added the group to the Specially Designated Global Terrorist list to block their financial operations.

Forms

  • specially designated global terrorist

Commentary

This term is a legal designation used primarily in U.S. sanctions law to identify entities linked to terrorism; correct usage involves understanding its enforceable sanctions implications.


Specially Designated Nationals

/ˈspɛʃəli dɪˈzɪɡneɪtɪd ˈnæʃənəlz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Individuals and entities designated by the U.S. Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) as involved in terrorism, narcotics trafficking, or other threats to national security, subject to sanctions and asset freezes.
    The company was fined for dealing with specially designated nationals on the sanctions list.

Forms

  • specially designated nationals
  • specially designated national

Commentary

The term is often abbreviated as SDNs, and careful compliance with SDN lists is crucial in financial and international law to avoid penalties.


Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List

/ˈspɛʃəli dɪˈzɪɡneɪtɪd ˈnæʃənəlz ænd blɑkt ˈpɜrsənz lɪst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A U.S. Treasury Department's list identifying individuals, entities, and vessels with whom U.S. persons are prohibited from transacting due to sanctions imposed for national security or foreign policy reasons.
    Businesses must regularly check the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List to comply with U.S. sanctions laws.

Forms

  • specially designated nationals and blocked persons list

Commentary

Often abbreviated as SDN List, it is critical for compliance in international trade and finance to avoid prohibited dealings.


Specially Designated Nationals List

/ˈspɛʃəli ˈdɛzɪɡneɪtɪd ˈnæʃənəlz lɪst/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A list maintained by the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) identifying individuals, entities, and vessels subject to economic sanctions due to involvement in terrorism, narcotics trafficking, or other national security threats.
    U.S. companies are prohibited from engaging in transactions with parties on the Specially Designated Nationals List.

Forms

  • specially designated nationals list
  • specially designated nationals lists

Commentary

The term specifically refers to a U.S. sanctions tool; accuracy in naming the agency and scope is key in legal drafting.


Specialty

/ˈspɛʃ.əl.ti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal doctrine limiting an attorney’s authority to acts expressly stated in a written instrument such as a power of attorney.
    The lawyer could only act within the scope of the power of attorney due to the specialty rule.
  2. (n.) A facility or license granting exclusive rights or privileges to a particular business or professional, often in contexts like banking or medicine.
    The clinic obtained a specialty license to practice orthopedic surgery in the state.

Commentary

In legal drafting, clarity is essential when referencing a 'specialty' to avoid confusion with general expertise; usually it relates to a specifically limited authority or exclusive right explicitly established by contract or law.


Specialty Contract

/ˈspɛʃəlti ˈkɒntrækt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A contract executed by a party under seal, conferring special enforceability and often requiring a higher formality than simple contracts.
    The parties entered into a specialty contract to guarantee payment, evidenced by a sealed document.

Forms

  • specialty contracts

Commentary

Specialty contracts, distinguished by the seal requirement, do not require consideration to be enforceable, unlike simple contracts.


Specialty Court

/ˈspɛʃəlti kɔːrt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court with jurisdiction limited to a particular type of case, such as family, probate, or drug offenses.
    The specialty court focuses exclusively on rehabilitating drug offenders rather than imposing traditional sentences.

Forms

  • specialty court
  • specialty courts

Commentary

Specialty courts emphasize tailored procedures and outcomes suited to their specific caseload to improve effectiveness and reduce recidivism.


Species Recovery Plan

/ˈspiːʃiːz rɪˈkʌvəri plæn/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal document outlining strategies and actions to restore endangered or threatened species to viable population levels.
    The agency developed a species recovery plan to protect the habitat of the endangered turtle.

Forms

  • species recovery plan
  • species recovery plans

Commentary

Often required by environmental legislation, these plans must be scientifically based and publicly reviewed to ensure effective species protection.


Specific

/spəˈsɪfɪk/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Clearly defined or identified; precise and explicit in legal terms or instructions.
    The contract must include a specific provision addressing dispute resolution.
  2. (adj.) Relating to a particular legal subject, case, or right rather than general or broad application.
    Specific performance is an equitable remedy requiring exact fulfillment of contractual obligations.

Commentary

The term 'specific' often modifies legal concepts to denote precision or particularity, a key drafting element to avoid ambiguity.


Specific Deterrence

/ˈspɛsɪfɪk dɪˈtɜːrəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The concept in criminal law where punishment is designed to discourage the particular offender from reoffending.
    Specific deterrence aims to prevent John from committing crimes again by imposing a strict sentence.

Commentary

Specific deterrence focuses on the individual offender, distinct from general deterrence which targets society at large.


Specific Intent

/ˈspesɪfɪk ɪnˈtɛnt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A mental state in criminal law where the defendant intends a particular result or consequence from their actions.
    The prosecution must prove specific intent to convict for first-degree murder.
  2. (n.) In contract law, a deliberate intention to be bound by precise terms or conditions.
    The parties demonstrated specific intent to create a legally enforceable agreement.

Commentary

Specific intent must be clearly established, often requiring evidence beyond the mere commission of an act, distinguishing it from general intent offenses.


Specific Jurisdiction

/ˈspesɪfɪk dʒʊrɪsdɪkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court's authority to hear a case arising out of or related to the defendant's contacts with the forum state.
    The court exercised specific jurisdiction because the defendant's business activities were conducted within the state.

Forms

  • specific jurisdiction

Commentary

Specific jurisdiction requires a connection between the forum state and the underlying controversy, distinct from general jurisdiction which is broader.


Specific Performance

/ˈspesɪfɪk pərˈfɔːrməns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court-ordered remedy requiring a party to fulfill their precise contractual obligations rather than paying damages.
    The court granted specific performance to compel the seller to transfer the property as agreed.

Commentary

Specific performance is typically granted only when monetary damages are inadequate, such as in contracts involving unique goods or real estate.


Specific Tax

/ˈspesɪfɪk tæks/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A fixed amount of tax levied on a particular item or transaction, irrespective of its value or price.
    The government imposed a specific tax of $2 on every pack of cigarettes sold.

Forms

  • specific tax
  • specific taxes

Commentary

Unlike ad valorem tax, a specific tax is assessed on a fixed quantity or unit rather than on the monetary value, which can simplify calculation but may not adjust for inflation or price changes.


Specifically

/spɪˈsɪfɪkli/

Definitions

  1. (adv.) In a manner that is precise and clearly defined, often to limit scope or application within legal texts.
    The contract specifically excludes liability for consequential damages.

Commentary

Used to clarify or limit provisions, 'specifically' helps avoid ambiguity by delineating exact terms or exceptions within legal documents.


Specification

/ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A detailed, exact statement of particulars or requirements in a legal document or contract.
    The contract included a clear specification of the goods to be delivered.
  2. (n.) In patent law, a written description of the invention and the process or method to be used, to satisfy legal conditions for granting a patent.
    The patent application was rejected due to insufficient specification of the invention.

Forms

  • specifications

Commentary

In legal drafting, specifications must be precise and unambiguous to avoid disputes; in patent law, sufficient specification is essential to meet statutory requirements.


Specificity

/spɪˈsɪfɪsɪti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The quality of being clearly defined, explicit, and detailed in legal texts or arguments.
    The contract's specificity prevented any ambiguity in the parties' obligations.
  2. (n.) The principle that legal provisions apply only within clearly delineated scopes or to particular circumstances.
    Specificity ensures that statutes do not overreach beyond their intended targets.

Commentary

In legal drafting, specificity is crucial to avoid ambiguity and ensure enforceability by precisely defining rights and duties.


Specify

/ˈspɛsɪfaɪ/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To clearly and explicitly state or identify particulars or details, especially in legal documents or contracts.
    The contract specifies the obligations of each party in detail.
  2. (v.) To demand or require something as a condition or stipulation.
    The law specifies that all evidence must be disclosed before trial.

Forms

  • specifies
  • specified
  • specifying

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'specify' is often used to ensure clarity by detailing obligations, rights, or conditions explicitly to avoid ambiguity.


Specimen

/ˈspɛsɪmɪn/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A sample or example of a document, signature, or item used for comparison or verification in legal contexts.
    The notary requested a specimen signature to verify the identity of the client.
  2. (n.) A physical sample of material or evidence submitted for inspection in legal proceedings.
    The laboratory analyzed the specimen submitted as evidence in the case.

Forms

  • specimens

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'specimen' often refers to sample signatures or documents used for verification; clarity in specifying the type of specimen avoids ambiguity.


Specimen Preparation

/ˈspɛsɪmɪn ˌprɛpəˈreɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process of collecting, labeling, and preparing physical or biological samples for examination or analysis in legal contexts, such as forensic evidence or patent documentation.
    Proper specimen preparation is crucial to maintain the integrity of forensic evidence submitted in court.

Forms

  • specimen preparations

Commentary

In legal contexts, specimen preparation often involves strict protocols to ensure evidentiary admissibility and chain of custody compliance.


Spectator

/ˈspɛktətər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person who watches a legal proceeding or public event without participating.
    The courtroom was filled with spectators observing the trial.

Forms

  • spectators

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'spectator' typically denotes a non-participant observer, distinguishing them from witnesses or parties to the case.


Spectra

/ˈspɛktrə/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Plural of spectrum, referring to a range or scope of related legal categories, issues, or evidentiary matters.
    The court examined the spectra of circumstances surrounding the contract dispute.

Commentary

Used primarily as the plural form of 'spectrum' in legal discourse, often to denote a variety of related concepts or categories within a legal analysis.


Spectrum

/ˈspɛktrəm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A range of different but related legal rights, issues, or regulations considered together.
    The privacy law covers a broad spectrum of personal data protections.
  2. (n.) In telecommunications law, the range of electromagnetic frequencies regulated for communication use.
    The government auctioned a new spectrum band for wireless providers.

Forms

  • spectra
  • spectrums

Commentary

In legal drafting, spectrum often signifies a continuum of rights or regulations; context is key to distinguishing between general legal usage and specialized telecommunications meaning.


Spectrum Allocation

/ˈspɛktrəm ˌæləˈkeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal process by which regulatory authorities designate specific frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum for use by particular services or entities.
    The government enacted new rules to improve spectrum allocation for mobile communications.

Forms

  • spectrum allocation

Commentary

Spectrum allocation involves regulatory policy decisions to balance competing uses and prevent interference, crucial in telecommunications law.


Spectrum Auction

/ˈspɛktrəm ˈɔkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A public sale of electromagnetic spectrum licenses by a government agency to telecommunications providers or other entities.
    The government conducted a spectrum auction to allocate frequencies for 5G services.

Forms

  • spectrum auction
  • spectrum auctions

Commentary

Spectrum auctions are designed to promote efficient allocation of scarce radio frequencies, balancing public interest with commercial use.


Spectrum License

/ˈspɛktrəm ˈlaɪsəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A government-issued authorization that grants an entity the right to transmit signals over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
    The telecom company obtained a spectrum license to operate its new 5G network.

Forms

  • spectrum license
  • spectrum licenses

Commentary

A spectrum license is often subject to regulatory conditions and may be auctioned or assigned by government agencies to control spectrum use.


Spectrum Management

/ˈspɛktrəm ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The regulatory process of managing the allocation, assignment, and use of radio frequency spectrum to ensure efficient and interference-free utilization in accordance with legal and policy frameworks.
    Spectrum management is critical for allocating frequencies to prevent signal interference among telecommunications providers.

Forms

  • spectrum management

Commentary

In legal contexts, spectrum management involves both technical and policy considerations, often requiring coordination between regulatory agencies and stakeholders to balance public and private interests.


Spectrum Rights

/ˈspɛktrəm raɪts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal entitlements allowing individuals or entities to use specific portions of the electromagnetic spectrum for communication or broadcasting purposes.
    The government auctioned spectrum rights to telecommunication companies to expand wireless services.

Forms

  • spectrum rights

Commentary

Spectrum rights often require regulatory approval and may be subject to auction or assignment by governmental agencies.


Spectrum Sharing

/ˈspɛktrəm ˈʃɛərɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The regulatory or contractual practice of allowing multiple users or entities to access or use the same electromagnetic spectrum frequency bands to optimize utilization and prevent interference.
    The telecommunications companies engaged in spectrum sharing to improve network capacity without acquiring exclusive rights.

Forms

  • spectrum sharing

Commentary

Spectrum sharing is often governed by regulatory frameworks that balance access rights and interference mitigation, essential in drafting telecommunications policies.


Speculation

/ˌspɛkjʊˈleɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act of forming a theory or conjecture without firm evidence, especially in financial or legal contexts regarding assets.
    The court warned against speculation on uncertain facts.
  2. (n.) The purchase or sale of property, stocks, or commodities with the hope of profiting from future price fluctuations rather than intrinsic value.
    Speculation drove up the real estate prices rapidly.

Commentary

Legally, speculation often involves risk-taking and uncertain outcomes, and can intersect with doctrines limiting frivolous claims or evaluating market manipulations.


Speculative

/ˈspɛkjʊlətɪv/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Based on conjecture rather than definite knowledge or fact, often involving risk or uncertainty.
    The investor made a speculative purchase of shares hoping for high returns.
  2. (adj.) Concerned with investment or transactions involving high risk and the expectation of large gains.
    Speculative real estate developments can lead to significant financial loss if the market declines.

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'speculative' often qualifies claims, damages, or investments that depend on uncertain future events; drafters should clearly distinguish speculative assertions from evidence-based facts.


Speech

/spiːtʃ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The expression of thoughts and opinions by spoken words, especially relevant in legal contexts such as freedom of speech or defamation.
    The court ruled that his speech was protected under the First Amendment.
  2. (n.) A formal address, discourse, or oral presentation given to an audience, often used in legal or governmental settings.
    The lawyer delivered a compelling closing speech to the jury.

Forms

  • speeches

Commentary

In legal drafting, the term 'speech' often carries constitutional implications, especially regarding rights and restrictions; precise context is crucial to interpretation.


Speech Analysis

Definitions

  1. (n.) The process of examining spoken words to determine their content, intent, or admissibility in legal contexts.
    The attorney relied on speech analysis to challenge the authenticity of the recorded conversation.

Forms

  • speech analyses

Commentary

Speech analysis in law often supports authentication and interpretation of audio evidence, requiring precision in transcription and context understanding.


Speedy Trial

/ˈspiːdi ˈtraɪəl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The constitutional right of a defendant to have a criminal case resolved without unnecessary delay.
    The defendant invoked their right to a speedy trial under the Sixth Amendment.

Forms

  • speedy trial

Commentary

The concept of a speedy trial is primarily rooted in constitutional law, requiring courts to balance the defendant's right against practical considerations such as court congestion.


Spelling

/ˈspɛlɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The accurate sequence of letters in a word as recognized by law or legal documents.
    The spelling of the defendant's name must be consistent throughout the contract to avoid ambiguity.

Forms

  • spellings

Commentary

In legal drafting, precise spelling is crucial to ensure clarity and avoid disputes over document interpretation.


Sphere of Influence

/ˈsfɪər əv ˈɪnfluəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A geographic area or domain over which a state, organization, or individual exercises significant cultural, economic, military, or political influence without formal sovereignty.
    The country's sphere of influence extended over several neighboring states.
  2. (n.) The extent of authority or control exercised by a legal entity, such as a corporation or governmental agency, over certain activities or jurisdictions.
    The regulatory agency's sphere of influence includes all financial institutions within the region.

Forms

  • sphere of influence

Commentary

Often used in international law and geopolitical contexts to describe influence without formal control; drafting should clarify whether influence is de facto or legally recognized.


Spite

/spaɪt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A spite is a malicious or vindictive motive influencing a legal action or decision, often negating legitimate interests.
    The court ruled that the eviction was done out of spite rather than lawful cause.

Forms

  • spites

Commentary

Spite refers specifically to spiteful intent or motive in legal contexts, often relevant in torts or contractual disputes when an action is taken primarily to harm another rather than for practical or lawful reasons.


Spite Clause

/ˈspaɪt klɔz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A provision in a contract or will intended to harm or disadvantage a party out of malice rather than legitimate purpose.
    The spite clause in the will sought to disinherit the estranged child out of resentment.

Forms

  • spite clauses

Commentary

Spite clauses are often unenforceable if deemed unreasonable or against public policy due to their malicious intent.


Spite Fence

/ˈspaɪt ˌfɛns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A fence erected primarily to annoy or harm a neighbor rather than for a legitimate boundary or privacy purpose.
    The court ordered the removal of the spite fence built to block the neighbor's sunlight.

Forms

  • spite fences

Commentary

Spite fences are a classic example of a nuisance in property law and often subject to resolution through injunctions or removal orders.


Spoils System

/ˈspɔɪlz ˈsɪstəm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A practice in which a political party rewards its supporters and friends with government jobs and favors after winning an election.
    The spoils system led to widespread patronage appointments rather than merit-based hiring.

Forms

  • spoils system

Commentary

Often criticized for encouraging corruption and inefficiency in government, the spoils system was largely replaced by merit-based civil service reforms in many jurisdictions.


Spoliation

/spəʊliˈeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The wrongful destruction, alteration, or concealment of evidence relevant to litigation.
    The court sanctioned the party for spoliation of evidence during discovery.
  2. (n.) The act of depriving someone of property by force or wrongful means, often in the context of heirship or estate law.
    The heir claimed spoliation after the assets were unlawfully taken from the estate.

Commentary

Spoliation is principally used in evidentiary contexts; precise identification of destroyed or altered evidence is critical for effective sanctions.


Spoliation of Evidence

/ˌspoʊ.liˈeɪ.ʃən əv ˈɛv.ɪ.dəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The intentional destruction, alteration, or failure to preserve evidence relevant to litigation or investigation.
    The court imposed sanctions due to the spoliation of evidence by the defendant.

Forms

  • spoliation of evidence

Commentary

Spoliation of evidence is a critical issue in litigation, often resulting in adverse inferences or sanctions; clear preservation duties should be articulated in discovery orders.



Sponsorship

/ˈspɑːnsərʃɪp/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act or process of supporting, endorsing, or financing an event, activity, person, or organization, often formalized through a legal agreement.
    The corporation entered into a sponsorship agreement to support the local art exhibition.
  2. (n.) In immigration law, the legal responsibility assumed by a sponsor to support an intending immigrant financially to prevent reliance on public assistance.
    The sponsor signed an affidavit of support as part of the visa application process.

Forms

  • sponsorships

Commentary

Sponsorship commonly involves contractual obligations and may include financial or legal commitments; clarity in drafting is essential to specify the scope and liabilities involved.


Spontaneous

/spɒnˈteɪ.ni.əs/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Occurring without external cause or prompting, often referring to unplanned or impulsive acts relevant in legal contexts such as admissions or confessions.
    The spontaneous utterance was admitted as evidence under the hearsay exception.

Forms

  • spontaneous

Commentary

In legal drafting, spontaneous statements often qualify as exceptions to hearsay rules due to their trustworthiness. Clearly distinguishing such statements from coerced or premeditated ones is crucial.


Spoof

/spuːf/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An act of deceiving by imitating or falsifying documents, identification, or data, often to commit fraud or unauthorized access.
    The defendant was charged with spoofing to gain access to confidential information.
  2. (v.) To falsify or imitate communications or identifiers to deceive, typically in electronic or telecommunication contexts.
    They spoofed the caller ID to make it appear as though the call was from a trusted source.

Forms

  • spoofs
  • spoofed
  • spoofing

Commentary

In legal contexts, spoofing frequently refers to deceptive practices involving electronic communications or document falsification, important in cybercrime and fraud statutes.


Spoofe

/ˈspuːf/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To falsify or forge a document or data to deceive others.
    The defendant was charged for attempting to spoof company emails.
  2. (n.) An act of deception involving falsification or forgery.
    The spoofe of financial records led to an investigation.

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'spoofe' is often an archaic or variant spelling of 'spoof'; usage favors the base form for consistency.


Sporting Code

/ˈspɔːrtɪŋ koʊd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A set of rules and regulations governing the conduct, discipline, and organization of a particular sport or sporting activity, often with legal implications in dispute resolution.
    The sporting code established clear procedures for resolving athlete disputes.

Forms

  • sporting code
  • sporting codes

Commentary

Sporting codes often serve as quasi-legal frameworks within sports organizations, harmonizing governance and disciplinary measures across jurisdictions.


Sports Arbitration

/ˈspɔrts ˌɑr.bɪˈtreɪ.ʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A method of resolving disputes related to sports through arbitration rather than litigation.
    The parties agreed to resolve their contract disagreement via sports arbitration.
  2. (n.) The specialized branch of arbitration dealing with conflicts arising in professional and amateur sports contexts, including doping, contracts, and disciplinary actions.
    Sports arbitration panels often include experts in both law and sports management.

Forms

  • sports arbitration

Commentary

Sports arbitration combines principles of general arbitration with the unique context and rules of sports, emphasizing quick resolutions and expertise in sport-specific matters.


Sports Betting

/ˈspɔrts ˈbɛtɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act or practice of wagering on the outcome of sporting events, regulated by law in many jurisdictions to ensure integrity and prevent illegal gambling.
    The company obtained a license to operate sports betting services within the state.

Forms

  • sports betting
  • sports bettings

Commentary

Legal treatment of sports betting varies widely by jurisdiction, often requiring distinct licensing and compliance with anti-fraud regulations.


Sports Betting Regulation

/ˈspɔrts ˈbɛtɪŋ ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of laws, rules, and administrative provisions governing the conduct, licensing, and oversight of wagering on sports events.
    The sports betting regulation requires operators to obtain licenses and adhere to fair play standards.

Forms

  • sports betting regulation

Commentary

Sports betting regulation often balances consumer protection with the promotion of legal wagering markets.


Sports Ethics

/ˈspɔrts ˈɛθɪks/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The branch of ethics concerned with the principles and standards governing conduct and fairness in sports and athletic competition under the law.
    Sports ethics addresses issues such as doping, fair play, and the legal responsibilities of athletes.

Forms

  • sports ethics

Commentary

In legal contexts, sports ethics often overlaps with sports law but focuses more on normative standards and moral duties rather than statutory rules.


Sports Fraud

/ˈspɔrts frɔd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Deceptive practices in athletic contexts, such as match-fixing or illegal betting, intended to defraud or manipulate sports outcomes.
    The player was investigated for sports fraud after evidence of match-fixing emerged.

Forms

  • sports fraud

Commentary

Sports fraud often involves complex criminal and regulatory violations and requires careful proof of intent to deceive within sporting events.


Sports Governing Body

/ˈspɔrts ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ ˈbɑdi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An authoritative organization that establishes rules, regulations, and standards to regulate a particular sport legally and organizationally.
    The sports governing body enforced new eligibility criteria for athletes.

Forms

  • sports governing body
  • sports governing bodies

Commentary

A sports governing body not only sets technical rules but often holds legal authority over compliance and disputes within the sport's ecosystem.


Sports Integrity Law

/ˈspɔrts ɪnˈtɛɡrəti lɔ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A body of legislation and regulatory measures designed to prevent corruption, doping, match-fixing, and unethical conduct in sports.
    The sports integrity law prohibits bribery and doping to ensure fair competition.
  2. (n.) Legal frameworks ensuring transparency, accountability, and ethical standards in the governance of sports organizations.
    Sports integrity laws require sports bodies to implement transparent governance policies.

Forms

  • sports integrity law
  • sports integrity laws

Commentary

Sports integrity law often encompasses both criminal provisions and regulatory rules, requiring precise drafting to address evolving forms of misconduct in sports.


Sports Law

/ˈspɔrts lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The area of law that governs sports-related activities, including contracts, governance, doping, intellectual property, and dispute resolution in athletics.
    The lawyer specialized in sports law to advise athletes on contract negotiations.

Commentary

Sports law is interdisciplinary, combining aspects of various legal fields tailored to the sports industry.


Sports Wagering Regulation

/ˈspɔrts ˈweɪdərɪŋ ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal framework governing the operation, licensing, and oversight of sports betting activities.
    The state's sports wagering regulation requires operators to obtain a license before accepting bets.
  2. (n.) Statutory or administrative rules designed to prevent fraud, ensure consumer protection, and maintain the integrity of sports in betting contexts.
    Effective sports wagering regulation helps combat match-fixing and protects bettors from unfair practices.

Forms

  • sports wagering regulation
  • sports wagering regulations

Commentary

Sports wagering regulation often varies significantly by jurisdiction, requiring attention to local statutes and administrative rules; drafting should address licensing, consumer safeguards, and integrity measures explicitly.


Sportsbook

/ˈspɔrtsˌbʊk/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An entity or platform that accepts and pays off bets on sports events, often regulated by law.
    The sportsbook must comply with state gambling regulations to operate legally.

Forms

  • sportsbook
  • sportsbooks

Commentary

In legal contexts, sportsbooks are subject to licensing and compliance with gambling laws; precise definitions may vary by jurisdiction.


Spot Contract

/ˈspɒt ˈkɒntrækt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A contract for immediate delivery and payment of commodities or financial instruments, as opposed to futures contracts.
    The parties agreed to a spot contract for the sale of 100 barrels of oil.

Forms

  • spot contract
  • spot contracts

Commentary

Spot contracts are characterized by prompt settlement, typically within two business days, differentiating them from forward or futures contracts which settle at a later date.


Spot Market

/ˈspɒt ˌmɑːrkɪt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A public financial market in which commodities, securities, or currencies are bought and sold for immediate delivery and payment.
    The company purchased oil on the spot market to meet urgent demand.

Forms

  • spot market
  • spot markets

Commentary

The term emphasizes immediacy of transaction and settlement, distinguishing spot markets from futures or forward markets where delivery is deferred.


Spot Zoning

/ˈspɒt ˈzoʊnɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The zoning of a small parcel of land differently from the surrounding area, often to benefit a particular property owner, which may be challenged as arbitrary or illegal.
    The city council's approval of spot zoning for the commercial development sparked community protests.

Forms

  • spot zoning

Commentary

Spot zoning typically requires careful justification to avoid claims of unfairness or violation of zoning principles.


Spousal

/ˈspaʊ.zəl/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Relating to a husband or wife in marriage or a legally recognized marital relationship.
    The spousal support payments were ordered by the court after the divorce.
  2. (adj.) Pertaining to rights, duties, or status conferred on a spouse under law.
    Spousal privilege protects a witness from being forced to testify against their partner.

Commentary

Typically used as an adjective, 'spousal' qualifies legal concepts associated with spouses; ensure clarity when distinguishing spousal rights from individual rights in legal drafting.


Spousal Abuse

/ˈspaʊzəl əˌbjus/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The physical, emotional, psychological, or sexual mistreatment of a spouse or intimate partner.
    The court issued a restraining order to protect the victim of spousal abuse.

Forms

  • spousal abuse

Commentary

Spousal abuse is often prosecuted under domestic violence laws and may encompass various forms of harm beyond physical violence.


Spousal Maintenance

/ˈspaʊzəl ˈmeɪntənəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Financial support paid by one spouse to another following separation or divorce.
    The court ordered spousal maintenance to ensure the lower-earning spouse could meet basic living expenses.

Forms

  • spousal maintenance

Commentary

Spousal maintenance is jurisdiction-specific and can vary in duration and amount depending on the parties' circumstances and applicable statutes.


Spousal Rights

/ˈspaʊzəl raɪts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal rights and entitlements granted to a spouse during and after marriage, including property, support, and decision-making rights.
    Spousal rights ensure a surviving spouse can inherit without a will.
  2. (n.) Rights related to spousal privileges in legal proceedings, such as spousal testimonial privilege or marital communications privilege.
    Spousal rights protect confidential communications between married partners in court.

Forms

  • spousal right

Commentary

Spousal rights encompass a broad range of legal protections; drafters should specify the context, as rights vary by jurisdiction and circumstance.


Spousal Support

/ˈspaʊzl səˈpɔrt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Financial payments made by one spouse to the other after separation or divorce to provide economic support.
    The court ordered spousal support to ensure the lower-earning spouse could maintain a reasonable standard of living.

Commentary

The terms spousal support and alimony are often used interchangeably, though some jurisdictions distinguish between the two based on duration or purpose.


Spouse

/ˈspaʊs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person legally joined to another in marriage or a similar recognized domestic partnership.
    The spouse is entitled to inherit under the will if no children survive.

Forms

  • spouses

Commentary

Use 'spouse' to denote legally recognized marital partners; distinctions from cohabitants or partners matter in benefit and inheritance contexts.


Sprang

Definitions

  1. (v.) Past tense of spring, meaning to move or arise suddenly or leap forward.
    He sprang into action upon hearing the news.

Commentary

As a past tense form, 'sprang' should be referenced to the base verb 'spring' for full legal implications, often relating metaphorically to sudden actions or events in legal contexts.


Spread Option

/ˈsprɛd ˈɑpʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A financial derivative contract granting the holder the right but not the obligation to enter into a spread trade, typically involving the simultaneous buying and selling of options to capitalize on price differentials.
    The investor purchased a spread option to hedge against volatility between two asset prices.

Forms

  • spread option
  • spread options

Commentary

Spread options notably involve the relationship between two or more underlying assets and are used for risk management or speculative purposes across financial markets.


Spread Trade

/ˈspred treɪd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A trading strategy involving simultaneous buying and selling of related financial instruments to profit from the price difference between them.
    The investor executed a spread trade to hedge against market volatility.

Forms

  • spread trade
  • spread trades

Commentary

Spread trade commonly features in derivatives markets; precise terms vary by contract and jurisdiction.


Spring

/sprɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A source or cause from which something originates, such as a legal right or obligation arising from a specific event or condition.
    The contract's enforceability has its spring in the parties' prior agreement.
  2. (n.) A natural water source emerging from the ground, sometimes relevant in property and water rights law.
    The landowner claimed ownership of the spring on their property.
  3. (v.) To arise or originate from a particular source or cause in a legal context.
    Damages spring from the defendant's breach of duty.

Forms

  • springs
  • springing
  • sprang
  • sprung

Commentary

In legal usage, 'spring' often conveys the origin of rights or obligations; context clarifies whether it denotes a natural source or figurative origin.


Springe

/ˈsprɪndʒ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A type of animal trap designed to catch by a spring mechanism.
    The hunter set a springe in the forest to capture small game.

Forms

  • springes

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'springe' primarily refers to physical traps and may relate to discussions on lawful methods of hunting or evidence admissibility in wildlife poaching cases.


Sprung

/sprʌŋ/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Describes a legal cause or argument that has appeared suddenly or unexpectedly in litigation.
    The court addressed the sprung issue that neither party had anticipated.

Commentary

Often used in legal discussions to denote unforeseen or emergent legal points during proceedings.


Spurious

/ˈspjʊrɪəs/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Not genuine, authentic, or valid; counterfeit or false, often used to describe evidence, claims, or documents that lack legality or truthfulness.
    The court rejected the spurious documents submitted by the defendant.

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'spurious' usually describes things purporting to be genuine but are legally defective or false; careful drafting avoids ambiguity by specifying the exact nature of such falsehoods.


Spuriously

Definitions

  1. (adv.) In a manner that is false or not genuine, especially in legal claims or evidence.
    The defendant's argument was based spuriously on fabricated documents.

Commentary

Use 'spuriously' to qualify actions or claims that lack honesty or authenticity, often leading to legal challenges.


Spuriousness

/spjʊˈrɪəsnəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The quality or state of being false, counterfeit, or not genuine, particularly in legal evidence or documents.
    The court dismissed the claim due to the spuriousness of the submitted documents.
  2. (n.) The attribute of a legal allegation or argument that lacks authenticity or validity and is made with intent to deceive.
    The defendant proved the spuriousness of the plaintiff's allegations during cross-examination.

Commentary

In legal drafting, specifying spuriousness often focuses on evidentiary or document authenticity issues to challenge credibility or validity.


Spy

/spaɪ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person who secretly collects information about another party, especially for political or military purposes.
    The government arrested the spy for transmitting classified documents.
  2. (v.) To secretly gather information about someone or something, often for espionage.
    He was caught spying on the competitor's research facility.

Forms

  • spy
  • spies
  • spied
  • spying

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'spy' primarily concerns covert information gathering with potential implications under laws relating to national security, privacy, and criminal conduct.

Glossary – SP Terms