VI glossary terms

Browse full definitions for every VI term in the Amicus glossary.

Via

/ˈviːə/

Definitions

  1. (prep.) Indicating the means or route by which something is accomplished or transmitted, often used in legal contexts to specify procedural or communicative pathways.
    The documents were served via certified mail to ensure receipt.

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'via' is commonly used to clarify the route or method of delivery or communication, helping specify procedural compliance.


Viability

/ˌvaɪ.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal capacity of a thing or entity to exist or function effectively under the law.
    The viability of the contract depends on clear mutual consent.
  2. (n.) The ability of a fetus to survive outside the womb, relevant in abortion law.
    The court considered fetal viability when ruling on the abortion restrictions.

Forms

  • viabilities

Commentary

Viability often requires context-specific interpretation, such as distinguishing commercial viability from biological or legal existence; drafters should clarify the applicable domain.


Vicarious

/vɪˈkɛərɪəs/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Performed or suffered by one person as a substitute for another, especially in legal contexts involving liability or responsibility.
    The employer was held liable for the vicarious actions of the employee.

Commentary

Use 'vicarious' primarily to denote indirect legal responsibility, often arising under doctrines like respondeat superior.


Vicarious Liability

/vɪˈkɛərɪəs laɪəˈbɪləti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal responsibility imposed on one party for the actions of another, typically an employer held liable for acts of an employee.
    The company faced vicarious liability for the employee's negligent conduct during work hours.

Commentary

Vicarious liability often arises under the doctrine of respondeat superior; it is crucial to establish the relationship between parties (e.g., employer-employee) for the application of this principle.


Vicariously

/ˈvaɪ.kəˌreɪ.əs.li/

Definitions

  1. (adv.) In a manner that is performed or suffered by one person as a substitute for another, especially relating to liability or rights transferred through representation.
    The company was held liable vicariously for the actions of its employee.

Commentary

Commonly used in tort and agency law to describe indirect liability or actions taken through an agent or representative.


Vice

/ˈvaɪs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Immoral or criminal behavior, especially activities considered to be against public morals.
    The police cracked down on vice in the city, targeting gambling and prostitution.
  2. (n.) A defect, fault, or imperfection in a legal document or proceeding that may render it invalid or void.
    The contract contained a vice that made it unenforceable in court.

Commentary

In law, 'vice' often refers to flaws or defects in documents or proceedings that affect validity; distinguish this from the general sense of immoral conduct.


Vice President

/ˈvaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An executive officer who is subordinate to the president and often authorized to act in their absence or as a successor.
    The vice president assumed control when the president was incapacitated.
  2. (n.) A corporate officer ranking below the president, frequently responsible for specific departments or functions.
    The vice president of finance oversees the company's budgeting and expenditures.

Forms

  • vice president
  • vice presidents

Commentary

In legal and corporate contexts, the vice president's role and authority vary by jurisdiction and organizational bylaws; clarity in defining powers in governing documents is advisable.


Vice President of the United States

/ˈvaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt ʌv ðə juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The constitutional officer who is first in the presidential line of succession and presides over the Senate; elected jointly with the President of the United States.
    The Vice President of the United States cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate.

Forms

  • vice president of the united states

Commentary

The office combines executive and legislative roles; legal definitions focus on constitutional duties and succession protocols.


Vice Presidential Succession

/ˈvaɪs prɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl səkˈsɛʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal process by which the office of the Vice President is filled following a vacancy or incapacity of the incumbent.
    The vice presidential succession is governed by the 25th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Forms

  • vice presidential succession

Commentary

This term specifically addresses the order and procedures for replacing the Vice President, distinct from general presidential succession.


Vice Presidential Vacancy

/ˈvaɪs ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈvækənsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The state of the office of the Vice President of a country being unoccupied due to death, resignation, removal, or incapacitation of the incumbent.
    The constitution outlines the procedure for filling a vice presidential vacancy promptly.

Forms

  • vice presidential vacancy
  • vice presidential vacancies

Commentary

The term specifically refers to the legal and constitutional condition when the vice presidency is unfilled, triggering set succession or appointment rules.


Vice-Chancellor

/ˈvaɪsˌtʃænsələr/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A senior judicial officer in certain legal systems who assists or deputizes for the Chancellor, often with delegated judicial authority.
    The Vice-Chancellor ruled on equity matters in the absence of the Chancellor.
  2. (n.) The chief executive officer of a university responsible for administrative and academic leadership.
    The Vice-Chancellor announced the new academic policy at the university meeting.

Forms

  • vice-chancellor
  • vice-chancellors

Commentary

In legal contexts, the title usually refers to a senior judicial officer in courts of equity; in academic law, it denotes the university's chief executive. Distinguish context to avoid ambiguity.


Vicinity

/vɪˈsɪnɪti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The area or region near or surrounding a specific place.
    The property is located in the vicinity of the courthouse.

Forms

  • vicinity

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'vicinity' often clarifies the spatial relationship relevant for jurisdiction, venue, or notice purposes.


Vicious

/ˈvɪʃ.əs/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Having the nature of or characterized by vice; morally depraved or evil, often used in legal contexts to describe wrongful or malicious conduct.
    The defendant was found guilty of vicious assault, showing intent to cause serious harm.
  2. (adj.) Describing a legal act or condition that is defective, faulty, or invalid, such as a 'vicious circle' or 'vicious plea.'
    The contract contained a vicious clause that rendered it unenforceable.

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'vicious' is often employed metaphorically to describe conduct or defects that are morally reprehensible or legally invalid; clarity is recommended to avoid ambiguity with its common meaning.


Viciously

/ˈvɪʃəsli/

Definitions

  1. (adv.) In a cruel, brutal, or malicious manner, often referring to actions or conduct.
    The defendant viciously attacked the witness during the trial.

Commentary

Used to describe the manner of an act, particularly in evaluating intent or severity in criminal and civil contexts.


Viciousness

/ˈvɪʃəsnəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The quality or state of being cruel, malicious, or violent, often considered in assessing motive or intent in legal contexts.
    The defendant's viciousness was used to establish malice aforethought in the homicide charge.

Commentary

In legal usage, viciousness often informs evaluations of intent or malice but is not itself a standalone crime.


Victim

/ˈvɪktɪm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A person who suffers harm, injury, loss, or injustice as a result of a crime, tort, or other wrongful act.
    The victim reported the assault to the police.
  2. (n.) An individual against whom a legal wrong or breach of duty has been committed, entitled to seek redress or compensation.
    The victim sued for damages caused by negligence.

Forms

  • victims

Commentary

The term 'victim' is central in criminal and civil law contexts; precise identification of the victim is crucial in proceedings. Distinguish between victims entitled to compensation and witnesses or affected parties who may not have direct claims.


Victim Advocacy

/ˈvɪktɪm ˈædvəkəsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal and social support provided to victims of crime to help them navigate the justice system and access resources.
    Victim advocacy programs assist survivors in obtaining protective orders and counseling.

Forms

  • victim advocacy

Commentary

Victim advocacy is commonly provided by specialized advocates who focus on the needs and rights of crime victims during criminal proceedings.


Victim Advocate

/ˈvɪktɪm ˈædvəkeɪt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A professional who supports and advises victims of crime or abuse throughout legal processes.
    The victim advocate accompanied her to the court to provide emotional support and inform her of legal rights.

Forms

  • victim advocate
  • victim advocates

Commentary

Victim advocates play a crucial role in ensuring victims understand their rights and options, often working within or alongside law enforcement and the judiciary.


Victim Assistance

/ˈvɪktɪm əˌsɪstəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Support and services offered to victims of crime to address their needs and rights during and after legal proceedings.
    The government provides victim assistance to ensure victims receive counseling and legal aid.

Forms

  • victim assistance

Commentary

Victim assistance programs are critical in upholding victims' procedural rights and facilitating their recovery within the justice system.


Victim Assistance Program

/ˈvɪktɪm əˈsɪstəns ˈproʊɡræm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A structured initiative that provides support, information, and resources to individuals harmed by criminal acts or legal violations.
    The victim assistance program offers counseling and legal guidance to crime victims.

Forms

  • victim assistance program
  • victim assistance programs

Commentary

Typically established by government or nonprofit entities to address victims' needs and facilitate access to justice and recovery resources.


Victim Compensation

/ˈvɪktɪm ˌkɒmpənˈseɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Monetary or other restitution awarded to a victim of a crime to cover losses or damages incurred as a result of the criminal act.
    The victim compensation fund helped cover medical expenses after the assault.

Forms

  • victim compensation

Commentary

Victim compensation programs differ from restitution ordered from offenders; they are typically state-administered funds supporting victims directly.


Victim Compensation Fund

/ˈvɪktɪm ˌkɑːmpənˈseɪʃən fʌnd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A fund established by government or statute to provide monetary relief to individuals harmed by crimes or disasters, compensating for losses not covered by insurance.
    Survivors applied to the victim compensation fund to cover medical expenses after the assault.
  2. (n.) A specialized financial pool set up to expedite payments to victims following specific catastrophic events, such as terrorist attacks or large-scale accidents.
    The government created a victim compensation fund after the building collapse to assist families of the victims.

Forms

  • victim compensation fund
  • victim compensation funds

Commentary

Usually established by statute, such funds serve as a no-fault mechanism to aid victims promptly; drafters should clarify eligibility criteria and funding sources clearly.


Victim Impact Statement

/ˈvɪktɪm ˈɪmpækt ˈsteɪtmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A written or oral statement presented by a crime victim outlining the emotional, physical, and financial effects of the crime to assist the court during sentencing or parole decisions.
    The victim impact statement detailed the lasting trauma suffered by the family.

Forms

  • victim impact statement
  • victim impact statements

Commentary

Victim impact statements provide a victim-centered perspective, helping courts understand the broader consequences of the offense beyond legal facts.


Victim Protection

/ˈvɪktɪm prəˌtɛkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal measures and provisions implemented to safeguard the rights, safety, and dignity of victims of crimes or abuse.
    The court implemented strict victim protection measures to prevent intimidation during the trial.
  2. (n.) Policies and laws ensuring confidentiality and support services to victims to facilitate their participation in the justice process.
    Victim protection laws provide access to counseling and secure testimony procedures.

Forms

  • victim protection

Commentary

Victim protection encompasses both legal safeguards against harm or retaliation and procedural rights to support victims in criminal and civil justice contexts.


Victim Restitution

/ˈvɪktɪm ˌrɛstɪˈtjuːʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Financial compensation ordered by a court for a crime victim to cover losses caused by the offender's conduct.
    The court mandated victim restitution to reimburse medical bills incurred during the assault.

Forms

  • victim restitution
  • victim restitutions

Commentary

Victim restitution specifically refers to court-ordered payments to victims for direct losses, distinct from broader victim compensation programs.


Victim Restitution Fund

/ˈvɪktɪm ˌrɛstɪˈtuʃən fʌnd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A fund established by law or court order to compensate victims of crimes for losses not covered by restitution from offenders.
    The victim restitution fund provided financial assistance to those harmed by the burglar's actions.

Forms

  • victim restitution fund

Commentary

Typically funded by fines or fees imposed on offenders, this fund supplements direct restitution to victims when offenders cannot fully compensate for their losses.


Victim Rights

/ˈvɪktɪm ˈraɪts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal entitlements and protections granted to victims of crime to ensure their participation in the justice process and access to support.
    Victim rights include the right to be informed of court proceedings and to receive restitution.

Forms

  • victim rights
  • victim right
  • victims rights

Commentary

Victim rights vary by jurisdiction but generally aim to balance victims’ interests with defendants’ rights in criminal justice.


Victim Rights Attorney

/ˈvɪktɪm raɪts əˈtɜːrnɪ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A lawyer specializing in representing and advocating for the legal rights and interests of victims of crimes during criminal justice proceedings.
    The victim rights attorney ensured that her client received proper notification about the court dates.

Forms

  • victim rights attorney
  • victim rights attorneys

Commentary

Commonly involved in ensuring victims' statutory rights are protected, such as notification, participation, and restitution claims during trials and sentencing.


Victim Witness Coordinator

/ˈvɪktɪm ˈwɪtnəs koʊˌɔːrdɪˌneɪtər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An official responsible for providing support, information, and resources to victims and witnesses involved in criminal proceedings.
    The victim witness coordinator arranged counseling services for the assault victim.

Forms

  • victim witness coordinator
  • victim witness coordinators

Commentary

Term commonly used in criminal justice contexts; important to distinguish from other victim support roles based on coordinating duties and procedural involvement.


Victimization

/ˌvɪktɪmaɪˈzeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act or process of subjecting a person to harm, abuse, or unfair treatment, often in the context of crime or discrimination.
    The law provides protections against the victimization of witnesses.

Commentary

Victimization usually emphasizes unlawful or unjust treatment, especially tied to protected classes or criminal contexts.


Victimology

/ˌvɪktɪˈmɒlədʒi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The study of victims and the patterns, causes, and effects of victimization in the context of law and criminal justice.
    Victimology examines the experiences of crime victims to inform victim protection laws.

Forms

  • victimology

Commentary

Victimology is distinct from criminology by focusing on victims rather than offenders, emphasizing victim rights and support in legal contexts.


Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act

/ˈvɪktɪmz əv ˈtræfɪkɪŋ ænd ˈvaɪələns prəˈtɛkʃən ækt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A comprehensive U.S. federal law enacted in 2000 aimed at combating human trafficking, protecting victims, and prosecuting traffickers.
    The Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act sets forth measures to assist survivors of trafficking.

Forms

  • victims of trafficking and violence protection act

Commentary

Often abbreviated as TVPA, this act combines criminal justice and victim support provisions and serves as a foundational legal framework against trafficking in persons in the United States.


Victims' Rights

/ˈvɪktɪmz raɪts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal rights guaranteed to victims of crime, including the right to be informed, present, and heard during judicial proceedings and to receive restitution.
    The victims' rights law ensures survivors can participate in the sentencing phase of criminal trials.

Forms

  • victims' rights

Commentary

Victims' rights statutes vary by jurisdiction but generally seek to balance the interests of victims with defendants' rights during the criminal justice process.


Victims' Rights Act

/ˈvɪktɪmz ˈraɪts ækt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A statute or legislative act designed to protect and enforce the legal rights of crime victims, including rights to notification, participation, and restitution.
    The Victims' Rights Act ensures that victims are informed about court proceedings and have a voice during trials.

Forms

  • victims' rights act

Commentary

Statutory language varies by jurisdiction; drafters should specify the scope of rights to avoid ambiguity in application.


Victims' Rights Movement

/ˈvɪktɪmz raɪts ˈmuːvmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A social and legal advocacy movement aimed at securing and expanding legal rights and protections for victims of crime.
    The Victims' Rights Movement led to significant legislative reforms enhancing victim participation in the criminal justice process.

Forms

  • victims' rights movement

Commentary

The term primarily refers to a socio-legal movement, not a codified legal doctrine; when drafting, clarify whether referencing the movement or specific statutory provisions inspired by it.


Victims' Rights Statutes

/ˈvɪktɪmz raɪts ˈstætjuːts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Laws enacted to establish and protect the legal rights of victims in the criminal justice process, including rights to notification, participation, and restitution.
    Victims' rights statutes ensure victims are notified of court dates and can provide impact statements.

Forms

  • victims' rights statutes
  • victims' rights statute

Commentary

These statutes vary by jurisdiction but commonly aim to enhance victim participation and safeguard their procedural interests in criminal cases.


Video

/ˈvɪdi.oʊ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A recording or transmission of moving visual images, often used as evidence or in legal documentation.
    The lawyer submitted the surveillance video as evidence.
  2. (adj.) Relating to or involving the recording or transmission of moving images.
    The video footage clearly showed the incident.

Forms

  • video
  • videos

Commentary

In legal contexts, video is frequently crucial as evidentiary material; ensure proper handling and chain of custody for admissibility.


Video Accessibility

/ˈvɪdi.oʊ ækˌsɛsəˈbɪləti/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal requirement and practice of making video content accessible to people with disabilities, including through captions, audio descriptions, and compatible technology.
    The company ensured video accessibility to comply with ADA standards.

Commentary

Video accessibility is a critical aspect of disability law and digital rights, often governed by regulations such as the ADA and Section 508, requiring attention to multiple sensory access modes.


Video Conference

/ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkɒnfərəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A live, visual connection among participants in different locations using telecommunications technology, often for meetings or legal proceedings.
    The witness testified via video conference due to travel restrictions.
  2. (n.) A method for conducting hearings or depositions remotely, recognized by courts under procedural rules to facilitate access and efficiency.
    The court approved the video conference format for the remote deposition.

Forms

  • video conference
  • video conferences

Commentary

Term covers both informal meetings and formal legal proceedings conducted remotely; legal recognition varies by jurisdiction and may require specific procedural compliance.


Video Deposition

/ˈvɪdioʊ ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A recorded witness testimony taken outside the courtroom, using video technology to capture statements for later use in legal proceedings.
    The attorney reviewed the video deposition before the trial to prepare for cross-examination.

Forms

  • video deposition
  • video depositions

Commentary

Video depositions enable preserving witness testimony when in-person attendance is impractical, often increasing efficiency and reducing costs in litigation.


Video Game Law

/ˈvɪd.i.oʊ ɡeɪm lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The body of law regulating the creation, distribution, monetization, intellectual property, and interactive elements of video games.
    Video game law encompasses copyright issues and licensing agreements.
  2. (n.) Legal principles addressing user conduct, privacy, and terms of service within video games.
    Issues of user data protection fall under video game law.

Forms

  • video game law
  • video game laws

Commentary

Video game law is interdisciplinary, blending IP rights with consumer protection and digital regulation; careful definition of terms in contracts and privacy policies is essential.


Video Hearing

/ˈvɪdioʊ ˈhɪərɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A judicial or administrative proceeding conducted remotely via video conferencing technology.
    The court scheduled a video hearing to accommodate parties unable to attend in person.

Forms

  • video hearing
  • video hearings

Commentary

Video hearings have increased in use due to technological advances and public health considerations, necessitating clear procedural rules to ensure fairness.


Videoconference

/ˈvɪd.i.oʊˌkɒn.frəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A meeting or conference held via audio and video communication technology, enabling remote participation in legal proceedings, negotiations, or consultations.
    The court conducted the hearing through a videoconference to accommodate participants in different locations.

Forms

  • videoconference
  • videoconferences

Commentary

Videoconferencing is increasingly used in legal contexts to ensure accessibility and efficiency, often requiring considerations for confidentiality and evidentiary integrity.


Videoconference Trial

/ˌvɪd.i.oʊˈkɒn.fər.əns ˈtraɪ.əl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court proceeding conducted through live video technology, enabling remote participation by one or more parties, witnesses, or the judge.
    The court held a videoconference trial to accommodate the witness who was overseas.

Forms

  • videoconference trial
  • videoconference trials

Commentary

Videoconference trials have gained prominence as technology advances, especially to ensure access to justice when physical attendance is impractical.


Vie

/ˈvī/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To compete eagerly or contend for superiority or a prize, often in legal or contractual disputes.
    The two firms vied for the government contract by submitting competing bids.

Forms

  • vies
  • vied
  • vying

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'vie' typically emphasizes active competition between parties, useful in contract and litigation contexts.


Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer

/ˈviːɛnə kənˈvɛnʃən fɔr ðə prəˈtɛkʃən ʌv ði ˈoʊzoʊn ˈleɪər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An international treaty adopted in 1985 aiming to protect the ozone layer by regulating substances that deplete it.
    The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer laid the foundation for global efforts to reduce harmful emissions.

Forms

  • vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer

Commentary

The Convention establishes a framework treaty, allowing future protocols to set specific binding obligations; drafters should note its role as a framework rather than a protocol with precise limits.


Vienna Convention on Consular Relations

/ˈviːɛnə kənˈvɛnʃən ɒn kənˈsjʊlər rɪˈleɪʃənz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A 1963 international treaty establishing the framework for consular relations between independent states, including consular rights, functions, and immunities.
    The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations governs the establishment and duties of consular offices worldwide.

Forms

  • vienna convention on consular relations

Commentary

The Convention is foundational in public international law for consular interactions; drafters should specify relevant articles for jurisdiction or immunity claims.


Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations

/ˈviːənə kənˈvɛnʃən ɒn dɪpləˈmætɪk rɪˈleɪʃənz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A 1961 international treaty defining the framework for diplomatic relations between independent countries, including privileges and immunities of diplomatic missions.
    The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations ensures the inviolability of diplomatic agents and premises.

Forms

  • vienna convention on diplomatic relations

Commentary

The term often appears in discussions of diplomatic law and international relations; precise referencing is important to distinguish it from other Vienna Conventions related to treaties or consular matters.


View Easement

/ˈvjuː ˈiːzmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A property right that restricts the use of land to preserve a beneficiary's view across another's property.
    The homeowner obtained a view easement preventing the neighbor from building any structure that would block the ocean view.

Forms

  • view easements

Commentary

View easements are often used in real estate and land use planning to protect scenic vistas; precise drafting is crucial to define the scope and limitations of the easement clearly.


Viewpoint

/ˈvjuːpɔɪnt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A perspective or position from which legal facts or issues are considered or argued.
    The lawyer presented the case from a different viewpoint to highlight overlooked evidence.
  2. (n.) An official or authoritative stance expressed in legal opinions or judicial decisions.
    The court's viewpoint clarified the application of statutory interpretation.

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'viewpoint' may denote subjective angles or official positions; clarity about its use helps avoid ambiguity in argumentation.


Vigil

/ˈvɪdʒ.əl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A period of purposeful sleeplessness, often held as a form of legal protest or to observe a situation requiring watchfulness.
    The community held a vigil outside the courthouse to protest the unjust verdict.

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'vigil' often refers to peaceful, watchful assemblies that may raise First Amendment considerations.


Vigilance

/ˈvɪdʒɪləns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The careful and persistent monitoring or attention to prevent wrongdoing or ensure compliance, often used in contexts like fiduciary duties or regulatory oversight.
    The trustee exercised vigilance to ensure the beneficiary's interests were protected.

Commentary

Vigilance in legal contexts implies an active, ongoing attentiveness to prevent harm or fraud, especially relevant in fiduciary, regulatory, and compliance frameworks.


Vigilance System

/ˈvɪdʒɪləns ˈsɪstəm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formalized framework used by regulatory authorities or organizations to continuously monitor, assess, and manage safety, compliance, and risk-related information, often in the context of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, or public safety.
    The company implemented a vigilance system to track adverse drug reactions and promptly report them to regulatory agencies.

Forms

  • vigilance system
  • vigilance systems

Commentary

Commonly used in regulated industries, a vigilance system is essential for legal compliance and risk mitigation, especially under laws mandating safety monitoring and reporting.


Vigilant

/ˈvɪdʒɪlənt/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Alertly watchful to detect and prevent wrongdoing or danger, often used in legal contexts to describe careful oversight or duty of care.
    The vigilant security measures ensured no unauthorized entry into the courthouse.

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'vigilant' often describes a standard of attentiveness or care expected of parties to prevent breaches or harm.



Vigilantism

/ˌvɪdʒəˈlæntɪzəm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act of enforcing law or punishment by individuals or groups without legal authority, often bypassing official law enforcement.
    The neighborhood watch was accused of vigilantism after taking justice into their own hands.

Commentary

Vigilantism typically raises complex legal and ethical issues regarding the monopoly of state power to enforce laws and the potential abuse of personal enforcement actions.


Vigilantly

/ˈvɪdʒɪləntli/

Definitions

  1. (adv.) In a watchful and alert manner, especially to avoid legal violations or threats.
    The guard watched vigilantly to prevent unauthorized access.

Commentary

Used to describe the manner in which legal actors or security personnel maintain awareness to comply with or enforce laws.


Vigor

/ˈvɪɡər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal force or effectiveness of a law, contract, or legal act.
    The contract lost its vigor after the expiration date.
  2. (n.) Physical or mental energy essential to undertake legal duties or responsibilities.
    The defendant acted with vigor in defending the claim.

Commentary

In legal contexts, 'vigor' often refers to the binding force or effect of a legal instrument rather than general physical strength.


Vilify

/ˈvɪlɪfaɪ/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To speak or write about a person or thing in an extremely negative and defamatory manner, often to damage reputation.
    The lawyer warned that the media should not vilify the defendant before the trial.

Forms

  • vilifies
  • vilified
  • vilifying

Commentary

Vilify commonly appears in legal contexts concerning defamation and reputational harm, making precise usage critical to avoid claims of additional liability.


Village

/ˈvɪlɪdʒ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legally recognized territorial unit smaller than a town, often with its own local government or administrative structure.
    The village passed an ordinance to regulate land use within its boundaries.
  2. (n.) A community or settlement recognized under law for certain governance or regulatory purposes.
    The village held a meeting to discuss new zoning regulations.

Forms

  • villages

Commentary

Legal definitions of village vary by jurisdiction, often defined in statutes specifying governance, powers, and boundaries.


Vindicate

/ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To clear a person of blame or suspicion through evidence or argument in a legal context.
    The court's verdict served to vindicate the defendant of all charges.
  2. (v.) To justify or prove the validity of a claim, right, or action by evidence or reasoning.
    The new evidence helped vindicate the plaintiff's breach of contract claim.

Forms

  • vindicates
  • vindicated
  • vindicating

Commentary

In legal drafting, vindicate often involves establishing legal innocence or validating rights and claims; it implies successful proof or justification.


Vindication

/ˌvɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act of clearing someone of blame, suspicion, or debt in a legal context.
    The defendant's vindication came after new evidence proved his innocence.
  2. (n.) Justification or upholding of a right, claim, or principle through legal means.
    The court's decision was a vindication of property rights.

Commentary

Vindication often involves the successful assertion or defense of legal rights, emphasizing clearance from allegations or confirmation of claims.


Vindicatory Damages

/ˌvɪn.dɪˈkeɪ.tɔːr.i ˈdæm.ɪ.dʒɪz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Monetary compensation awarded primarily to vindicate a legal right, rather than to compensate for loss or injury.
    The court granted vindicatory damages to affirm the plaintiff's ownership of the disputed property.

Commentary

Unlike compensatory damages, vindicatory damages focus on recognition of a legal right, which can be significant in cases lacking measurable loss.


Vindictive

/vɪnˈdɪktɪv/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Having or showing a strong desire for revenge, which may influence behavior or testimony in legal contexts.
    The witness's vindictive attitude raised concerns about the reliability of her statements.

Commentary

In legal drafting, describing conduct as 'vindictive' may imply bias or motive that affects credibility or intent.


Vindictively

/vɪnˈdɪktɪvli/

Definitions

  1. (adv.) In a manner showing a desire for revenge or retribution.
    The party acted vindictively by filing frivolous lawsuits against the opponent.

Forms

  • vindictive (adj.)

Commentary

Used to describe conduct motivated by revenge, often relevant in assessing intent or damages in legal disputes.


Vindictiveness

/vɪnˈdɪktɪvnəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A disposition to seek revenge or to exact retribution, often influencing motive in legal contexts.
    The court considered the defendant's vindictiveness when determining motive.

Commentary

Vindictiveness is relevant in assessing intent or motive but is not a standalone legal element; its presence may impact sentencing or credibility assessments.


Violate

/ˈvaɪ.ə.leɪt/

Definitions

  1. (v.) To fail to comply with a law, rule, agreement, or right.
    The company violated environmental regulations by dumping waste illegally.
  2. (v.) To infringe upon or break the terms of a contract or legal obligation.
    She violated the terms of the non-disclosure agreement.
  3. (v.) To abuse or assault, particularly in the context of personal rights or bodily integrity.
    The defendant was charged with violating the victim's privacy rights.

Forms

  • violates
  • violated
  • violating

Commentary

Use 'violate' to denote active failure to adhere to legal norms or rights; careful distinction should be made between breach of contract and violation of statutory laws.


Violation

/ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act of disregarding or breaching a law, rule, contract, or right.
    The company faced penalties for a violation of environmental regulations.
  2. (n.) An instance or occurrence of such a breach.
    Each violation of the terms will result in a fine.

Forms

  • violates
  • violated
  • violating
  • violations

Commentary

In legal drafting, distinguish between 'violation' as a general concept of breach and specific statutory violations; clarity in identifying the violated provision aids enforcement and remedy.


Violation of Probation

/ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃən əv proʊˈbeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act of failing to comply with the conditions set by a court during a probation period, which may result in revocation of probation and imposition of a harsher penalty.
    The defendant was charged with a violation of probation after missing multiple drug tests.

Forms

  • violation of probation

Commentary

Commonly involves procedural safeguards; courts may hold a hearing before revoking probation.


Violence

/ˈvaɪələns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The use of physical force so as to cause injury, damage, or harm, often relevant in criminal law and torts.
    The defendant was charged with domestic violence.
  2. (n.) Conduct involving threats or actual use of force, which may include psychological or structural harm under certain legal interpretations.
    The court examined whether the employer’s actions amounted to workplace violence.

Commentary

In legal contexts, violence typically denotes unlawful or harmful use of force; distinctions between physical violence and other forms like psychological harm require careful statutory or case law analysis.


Violent

/ˈvaɪələnt/

Definitions

  1. (adj.) Involving the use of physical force intending to hurt, damage, or kill.
    The court found the defendant guilty of violent assault.
  2. (adj.) Grossly irregular or severely disruptive of order or law.
    The demonstration turned violent, requiring police intervention.

Commentary

Legal usage of 'violent' typically emphasizes physical force or harm; context determines whether it refers to criminal acts or the nature of conduct in disputes.


Violent Crime

/ˈvaɪələnt kraɪm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A criminal act involving force or threat of force against persons or property, typically including offenses like assault, robbery, and homicide.
    He was convicted of a violent crime after the assault charge was proven.

Forms

  • violent crimes

Commentary

Violent crime is distinguished from non-violent offenses by the use or threat of physical force, often requiring different prosecutorial approaches and penalties.


Violently

/ˈvaɪələntli/

Definitions

  1. (adv.) In a manner involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill.
    The protest turned violently aggressive, leading to multiple arrests.
  2. (adv.) In a manner that is intense or forceful, but not necessarily physical.
    The contract was violently opposed by one of the parties during negotiations.

Commentary

As an adverb, 'violently' describes the manner of an action involving force or intensity, often relevant in contexts of assault, coercion, or forceful conduct in legal analysis.


Virtual Court

/ˈvɜːrtʃuəl kɔːrt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legally authorized proceeding conducted remotely using digital technology instead of a physical courtroom.
    The judge presided over the virtual court session via videoconference to hear the motions.
  2. (n.) An online platform established by a court system to facilitate remote judicial hearings and filings.
    The court notified attorneys to file their documents through the virtual court portal.

Forms

  • virtual court
  • virtual courts

Commentary

Use 'virtual court' to denote formal judicial processes conducted through technology; distinguish from informal online dispute resolution platforms.


Virtual Court Session

/ˈvɜːrtʃuəl kɔːrt ˈsɛʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A judicial proceeding conducted through electronic means without physical presence in a courthouse.
    The judge presided over the virtual court session via video conferencing.

Forms

  • virtual court session
  • virtual court sessions

Commentary

Virtual court sessions require robust technology and clear procedural rules to ensure fairness and access to justice.


Virtual Courtroom

/ˈvɜrtʃuəl ˈkɔrtˌrum/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A digital platform or environment where judicial proceedings are conducted remotely via video conferencing or other electronic means.
    The judge presided over the trial in the virtual courtroom to accommodate social distancing.

Forms

  • virtual courtroom
  • virtual courtrooms

Commentary

The term denotes a technological adaptation of traditional courtrooms facilitating remote access; consider clarity on platform standards and evidentiary rules when drafting related documents.


Virtual Currency

/ˈvɜːrtʃuəl ˈkʌrənsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A digital representation of value issued and controlled electronically, used as a medium of exchange, unit of account, or store of value that operates independently of a central bank.
    The court examined whether virtual currency transactions fell under the remit of money laundering laws.
  2. (n.) A form of electronically stored monetary value that may be transferred, stored, or traded electronically, distinct from legal tender or fiat currency.
    Regulators worldwide struggle to define the legal status of virtual currency within financial statutes.

Forms

  • virtual currency
  • virtual currencies

Commentary

Legal definitions of virtual currency vary across jurisdictions; clarity is essential when drafting laws or contracts to specify the nature and regulatory treatment of virtual currency.


Virtual Currency Law

/ˈvɜːrtʃuəl ˈkʌrənsi lɔː/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A body of laws and regulations governing the creation, transfer, use, and trade of digital or virtual currencies.
    The new virtual currency law requires exchanges to comply with anti-money laundering standards.

Forms

  • virtual currency law
  • virtual currency laws

Commentary

Virtual currency law often intersects with financial, anti-money laundering, and securities regulations due to the hybrid nature of digital assets.


Virtual Goods

/ˈvɜrtʃuəl ɡʊdz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Intangible digital items or assets that can be purchased, sold, or traded within virtual environments or online platforms.
    The video game allows players to buy virtual goods such as skins and currency to enhance gameplay.

Forms

  • virtual goods
  • virtual good

Commentary

Virtual goods lack physical embodiment, raising unique issues in ownership, transfer, and consumer protection within digital and virtual economies.


Virtual Hearing

/ˈvɜrtʃuəl ˈhɪərɪŋ/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal proceeding conducted remotely via electronic communication tools rather than in person.
    The court scheduled a virtual hearing to accommodate participants from different states.

Forms

  • virtual hearing
  • virtual hearings

Commentary

Virtual hearings have become increasingly common with advancements in technology and are particularly useful for maintaining judicial efficiency and access to justice during constraints such as pandemics.


Virtual Presence

/ˈvɜːrtʃuəl ˈprɛzəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal concept allowing an entity or person to be treated as if physically present in a jurisdiction or location via electronic or digital means for purposes such as litigation, service of process, or contractual interactions.
    The court recognized the defendant's virtual presence through their digital communications within the state.

Forms

  • virtual presence

Commentary

Virtual presence is increasingly relevant with digital communications, affecting jurisdiction and procedural rules where physical presence is impractical.


Virtual Property Rights

/ˈvɜːrtʃuəl ˈprɑːpərti raɪts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal entitlements to control, use, and transfer digital or intangible assets in virtual environments.
    Virtual property rights govern the ownership and trade of items within online games and metaverses.

Forms

  • virtual property rights
  • virtual property right

Commentary

Virtual property rights often require adapting traditional property law principles to emerging digital contexts and virtual worlds.


Vis-A-Vis

/ˌviːz ə ˈviː/

Definitions

  1. (prep.) In relation to; with regard to; compared with.
    The court will consider the contract vis-à-vis the applicable statutes.
  2. (adv.) Face to face; in direct relation to; opposite.
    The parties met vis-à-vis to negotiate the settlement terms.

Forms

  • vis-à-vis

Commentary

Often used in legal contexts to indicate comparison or relation between entities; maintain clarity by using alongside clearer terms in formal documents.


Vis-À-Vis

/ˌviːz‿ɑːˈviː/

Definitions

  1. (prep.) In relation to; with regard to a particular matter or person in legal contexts.
    The court considered the plaintiff's claim vis-à-vis the defendant's counterclaim.
  2. (adv.) Face to face; opposite or compared with.
    The two parties sat vis-à-vis during the negotiation session.

Commentary

Often used in legal writing to denote comparison or relation between legal entities or concepts; clarity in usage helps avoid ambiguity in formal documents.


Visa

/ˈviːzə/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An official authorization appended to a passport permitting the holder to enter, leave, or stay in a country for a specified period and purpose.
    She obtained a tourist visa before traveling abroad.

Commentary

Visa requirements and types vary widely by jurisdiction, often reflecting diplomatic relations and security concerns.


Visa Application

/ˈviːzə ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal request submitted to a governmental authority for permission to enter, stay, or work in a foreign country.
    She completed her visa application before traveling abroad.

Forms

  • visa application
  • visa applications

Commentary

Visa applications must comply with specific legal requirements that vary by jurisdiction; precise language and supporting documentation are critical to avoid denial.


Visa Enforcement

/ˈvɪzə ɛnˈfɔːrsmənt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal process and actions taken to ensure compliance with visa conditions and immigration laws by foreign nationals.
    Visa enforcement authorities detained the individual for overstaying the permitted duration.

Forms

  • visa enforcement

Commentary

Visa enforcement primarily involves administrative and criminal procedures to monitor adherence to visa terms, often overlapping with broader immigration enforcement measures.


Visa Exemption

/ˈviːzə ɪɡˈzɛmpʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A legal provision allowing entry to a country without obtaining a visa under specified conditions.
    Citizens of certain countries enjoy visa exemption for stays under 90 days.

Forms

  • visa exemption
  • visa exemptions

Commentary

Visa exemptions are often established by bilateral or multilateral agreements and may vary by purpose and duration of stay.


Visa Issuance

/ˈviːzə ɪˈʃuːəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The formal act of granting a visa by a competent authority, permitting entry into a country.
    Visa issuance is subject to compliance with immigration laws and consular regulations.

Forms

  • visa issuance

Commentary

Visa issuance is a key procedural step regulating entry rights, often involving discretion and legal criteria defined in immigration statutes.


Visa Petition

/ˈviːzə pəˈtɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A formal request submitted to a government agency seeking permission for a foreign national to enter, stay, or work in the country under specified visa categories.
    The employer filed a visa petition to sponsor the foreign worker's employment.

Forms

  • visa petitions

Commentary

A visa petition must satisfy the eligibility requirements of the relevant visa category; precise legal criteria vary by jurisdiction and visa type.


Visa Petitioner

/ˈvɪzə pəˈtɪʃənər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An individual or entity who files a petition requesting the issuance of a visa for another person to enter or remain in a country legally.
    The visa petitioner submitted extensive documentation to prove the beneficiary's eligibility.

Forms

  • visa petitioners

Commentary

The term specifically refers to the party initiating the visa application process, distinct from the beneficiary who seeks the visa.


Visa Policy

/ˈviːzə ˈpɒlɪsi/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A government's set of rules and regulations governing the issuance, conditions, and restrictions of entry visas for foreign nationals.
    The country's visa policy requires travelers to apply for a visa at least 30 days before arrival.

Forms

  • visa policy
  • visa policies

Commentary

Visa policies often reflect a state's diplomatic stances and security concerns; clarity in drafting these policies aids in consistent enforcement and reduces ambiguity at ports of entry.


Visa Refusal

/ˈvɪzə rɪˈfjuzəl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The official denial by an authorized entity of a visa application, preventing entry or stay in a foreign jurisdiction.
    The applicant received a visa refusal due to insufficient documentation.

Forms

  • visa refusal
  • visa refusals

Commentary

Use precise language to distinguish visa refusal from other refusals related to immigration, such as asylum denial.


Visa Status

/ˈvɪzə ˈsteɪtəs/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal classification granted to a foreign national authorizing their entry, stay, and activities within a country.
    Her visa status permits her to work legally in the United States.

Forms

  • visa status
  • visa statuses

Commentary

Visa status is a key element in immigration law determining the scope of allowed activities and duration of stay for non-citizens.


Visa Waiver

/ˈvɪzə ˈweɪvər/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A program or document allowing citizens of designated countries to enter another country for tourism or business without a visa.
    Travelers from qualifying nations can enter under the visa waiver for up to 90 days without applying for a visa.

Forms

  • visa waiver
  • visa waivers

Commentary

A visa waiver is typically limited in scope and duration and requires compliance with specific conditions; careful legal distinction is necessary between visa waivers and visas themselves.


Visa Waiver Program

/ˈvɪzə ˈweɪvər ˈproʊgræm/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A U.S. government initiative allowing nationals of designated countries to travel to the United States for tourism or business for up to 90 days without obtaining a visa.
    Under the Visa Waiver Program, eligible travelers can enter the U.S. without a visa for short visits.

Forms

  • visa waiver program
  • visa waiver programs

Commentary

The term specifically refers to a statutory and regulatory framework enabling streamlined entry for citizens of certain countries; careful attention is needed to distinguish it from general visa policies and bilateral agreements.


Viscount

/ˈvɪskaʊnt/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A British nobleman ranking above a baron and below an earl, often holding hereditary titles affecting legal rights to land or peerage.
    The viscount attended the House of Lords to participate in legislative sessions.

Forms

  • viscounts

Commentary

The title viscount is primarily hereditary and relevant in legal contexts involving peerage law, inheritance, and privileges associated with noble ranks.


Vision

/ˈvɪʒən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The act or power of anticipating that which will or may come to be; a mental image or foresight sometimes used in legal context to describe projected planning or intent.
    The attorney explained the client's long-term vision for the company's expansion.
  2. (n.) An appearance or manifestation of something not present, often used in religious or testamentary contexts to describe supernatural insight relevant to legal claims or evidence.
    The witness's testimony was based on a vision he claimed to have had before the event.

Forms

  • visions

Commentary

In legal drafting, 'vision' is typically used metaphorically to describe foresight or planning rather than literal sight; attention to context distinguishes between physical perception and figurative use.


Visitation

/ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The legal right or allowance granted by a court for a noncustodial parent or individual to visit a child.
    The court granted the father visitation rights every other weekend.
  2. (n.) The act of an official or authorized person visiting a facility or premises to inspect or supervise.
    The agency conducted a visitation of the foster home to ensure compliance with regulations.

Commentary

Visitation commonly refers to court-ordered contact privileges between a noncustodial parent and a child, but also applies to official inspections or supervisory visits in legal contexts.


Visitation Rights

/ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃən raɪts/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Legal rights granted to a non-custodial parent or guardian to visit a child or children.
    The court granted visitation rights to the father after the custody decision.

Forms

  • visitation right

Commentary

Visitation rights typically arise in family law contexts involving custody disputes; precise terms should be clearly stipulated in custody agreements or court orders to avoid ambiguity.


Visitation Schedule

/ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃən ˈskɛdʒuːl/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A court-approved timetable outlining the times and conditions under which a noncustodial parent may visit their child in custody cases.
    The judge issued a visitation schedule to ensure the child spent time with both parents fairly.

Forms

  • visitation schedule
  • visitation schedules

Commentary

Typically incorporated into custody agreements, visitation schedules must balance the child's best interests and parental rights, often requiring clear specificity to avoid disputes.


Visual Evidence

/ˈvɪʒuəl ˈɛvɪdəns/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Evidence in the form of images, videos, or other visual media presented to support a legal argument or fact.
    The prosecution introduced visual evidence from security cameras to establish the suspect's presence at the scene.

Commentary

Visual evidence must be authenticated and its relevance established to be admissible in court.


Visual Flight Rules

/ˈvɪʒuəl flaɪt ˈruːlz/

Definitions

  1. (n.) A set of regulations under which a pilot operates an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going.
    Pilots flying under Visual Flight Rules must maintain visual reference to the ground and avoid clouds.

Forms

  • visual flight rules

Commentary

Visual Flight Rules (VFR) govern the operation of aircraft in weather conditions allowing visual navigation, distinct from Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), which require reliance on instruments.


Vital Record

/ˈvaɪtəl ˈrɛkərd/

Definitions

  1. (n.) An official document issued by a government authority recording a significant life event such as birth, death, marriage, or divorce.
    The court required a certified copy of the vital record to verify the deceased's identity.

Forms

  • vital record
  • vital records

Commentary

Vital records are foundational legal documents used to establish identity and civil status; accuracy and authenticity are critical in legal proceedings.


Vital Statistics

/ˈvaɪtl stəˌtɪstɪks/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Official records and data regarding births, deaths, marriages, and divorces maintained by governmental agencies for legal and statistical purposes.
    The attorney requested access to the vital statistics to verify the client's date of birth.

Forms

  • vital statistics

Commentary

Vital statistics are crucial for establishing legal identity and civil status in various proceedings and require precise handling to ensure accuracy and confidentiality.


Vituperation

/ˌvɪt.jʊp.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) Harsh and abusive language or criticism, often found in legal complaints or arguments.
    The defendant's counsel objected to the plaintiff's vituperation during the cross-examination.

Commentary

Vituperation is typically used to describe excessively harsh language in legal contexts, especially in pleadings or courtroom outbursts, and is distinct from formal legal claims like defamation.


Vivisection

/ˌvɪvɪˈsɛkʃən/

Definitions

  1. (n.) The practice of performing operations on live animals for scientific research, often regulated under animal welfare laws.
    The debate over vivisection centers on ethical treatment versus scientific progress.

Forms

  • vivisection

Commentary

In legal contexts, vivisection is primarily discussed in relation to animal welfare statutes and the ethical limitations imposed on scientific research involving animals.


Viz.

/ˈvɪz/

Definitions

  1. (adv.) That is to say; namely, used to specify or clarify something previously mentioned, especially in legal or formal contexts.
    The contract covers the following entities, viz., the parties listed in annex A.

Forms

  • viz.

Commentary

Commonly used in legal writing to introduce a detailed specification or explanation; should be used sparingly to maintain clarity.

Glossary – VI Terms